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In this paper, we introduce F q 2 -double cyclic codes of length n = r + s , where F q 2 is the Galois field of q 2 elements, q is a power of a prime integer p and r, s are positive integers. We determine the generator polynomials for any F q 2 -double cyclic code. For any F q 2 -double cyclic code C , we will define the Euclidean dual code C ⊥ based on the Euclidean inner product and the Hermitian dual code C ⊥ H based on the Hermitian inner product. We will construct a relationship between C ⊥ and C ⊥ H and then find the generator polynomials for the Hermitian dual code C ⊥ H. As an application of our work, we will present examples of optimal parameter linear codes over the finite field F 4 and also examples of optimal quantum codes that were derived from F 4 -double cyclic codes using the Hermitian inner product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we use a novel approach to describe generator polynomials of quasi-cyclic (QC) and generalized QC (GQC) codes over finite fields. Our study of QC- and GQC-codes will be general and not only restricted to one-generator codes. We prove that generator polynomials of QC-codes and GQC-codes are unique. Further, we use our results to obtain an expression for the dimensions of QC-codes and GQC-codes. As an application of our construction of these codes, we obtain many optimal linear codes over finite fields GF (2) , GF (3) , GF (4) and GF (5). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the class of ℤp-double cyclic codes of length n = r + s. We give a closed formula for the number of ℤp -double cyclic codes of length n = r + s, for any integers r and s that are relatively prime to p. Moreover, we give a closed formula for the number of quasi-cyclic (QC) codes of length n = 2s and index 2. We also provide formulas for the number of separable and non-separable ℤp-double cyclic codes of length n. In order to illustrate the results, we calculate the number of some codes with different r and s. Moreover, we list optimal parameter ℤ2-double cyclic codes for specific values of r and s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we give the exact number of Z 2 Z 4 -additive cyclic codes of length n = r + s , for any positive integer r and any positive odd integer s. We will provide a formula for the the number of separable Z 2 Z 4 -additive cyclic codes of length n and then a formula for the number of non-separable Z 2 Z 4 -additive cyclic codes of length n. Then, we have generalized our approach to give the exact number of Z p Z p 2 -additive cyclic codes of length n = r + s , for any prime p, any positive integer r and any positive integer s where gcd p , s = 1. Moreover, we will provide examples of the number of these codes with different lengths n = r + s . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we introduce double Quadratic Residue Codes (QRC) of length n = p + q for prime numbers p and q in the ambient space F 2 p × F 2 q. We give the structure of separable and non-separable double QRC over this alphabet and we show that interesting double QR codes in this space exist only in the case when p = q. We give the main properties for these codes such as their idempotent generators and their duals. We relate these codes to codes over rings and show how they can be used to construct interesting lattices. As an applications of these codes, we provide examples of self-dual, formally self-dual and optimal double QRC. We also provide examples of best known quantum codes that are derived from double-QRC in this setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we introduce self-dual cyclic codes over the ring ℤ 2 × (ℤ 2 + u ℤ 2) = ℤ 2 ℤ 2 [ u ]. We determine the conditions for any ℤ 2 ℤ 2 [ u ] -cyclic code to be self-dual, that is, 𝒞 = 𝒞 ⊥ . Since the binary image of a self-orthogonal ℤ 2 ℤ 2 [ u ] -linear code is also a self-orthogonal binary linear code, we introduce quantum codes over ℤ 2 ℤ 2 [ u ]. Finally, we present some examples of self-dual cyclic and quantum codes that have good parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ℤ 2 ℤ 2 s -additive codes for any integer s > 1 are considered as codes over mixed alphabets. They are a generalization of binary linear codes and linear codes over ℤ 2 s . In this paper, we are interested in studying ℤ 2 ℤ 2 s -additive cyclic codes. We will give the generator polynomials of these codes. We will also give the minimal spanning sets for these codes. We will define separable ℤ 2 ℤ 2 s -additive codes and provide conditions on the generator polynomials for a ℤ 2 ℤ 2 s -additive cyclic code to be separable. Finally, we present some examples of optimal parameter binary codes obtained as images of ℤ 2 ℤ 8 -additive cyclic codes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The optimal control for vibration suppression of a plate by distributed piezoelectric actuators is considered. A performance index in the form of a weighted quadratic functional of the dynamic response of a rectangular simply supported plate will be minimized within a prescribed time duration using piezoelectric patches (voltages). The minimization of the performance index over these voltages is subject to the equation of motion governing the plate's structural vibration and a set of initial and boundary conditions. The solution method is a combination of modal space expansion and direct state parameterization. Modal space expansion will transform the optimal control of a distributed parameter system into the optimal control of a lumped parameter system. Using Legendre wavelets, the quadratic optimization problem is transformed into a mathematical programming problem, where the objective is to minimize a set of unknown coefficients to obtain the optimal trajectory and the optimal control. Numerical examples will be provided to illustrate the effectiveness and the efficiency of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following the very recent studies on \mathbb Z2\mathbb Z4 -additive codes, \mathbb Z2\mathbb Z2[u] -linear codes have been introduced by Aydogdu et al. In this paper, we introduce and study the algebraic structure of cyclic, constacyclic codes and their duals over the R -module \mathbb {Z}_{2}^\alpha R^\beta where R=\mathbb {Z}_{2}+u\mathbb {Z}_{2}=\left \{{0,1,u,u+1}\right \} is the ring with four elements and u^2=0 . We determine the generating independent sets and the types and sizes of both such codes and their duals. Finally, we present a bound and an optimal family of codes attaining this bound and also give some illustrative examples of binary codes that have good parameters which are obtained from the cyclic codes in \mathbb Z_2^\alpha R^\beta . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivated by a generalization of the football pool problem, we introduce additive cyclic codes over mixed alphabets of the form where , for distinct primes . We study their algebraic properties, generating sets, and duals. Additionally, we give examples of additive cyclic codes over the alphabet that have best-known or optimal parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Additive codes received much attention due to their connections with quantum codes. On the other hand, skew cyclic codes proved to be a useful class of codes that contain many good codes. In this work, we introduce and study additive skew cyclic codes over the quaternary field , obtaining some structural properties of these codes. Moreover, we also show that many best known and optimal quantum codes can be obtained from this class. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article studies skew generalized quasi-cyclic codes (SGQC-codes) over finite fields for any length n. We derive generator polynomials and cardinality of SGQC codes. Moreover, we show that the dual of any length SGQC-code is also an SGQC-code. Our search results lead to the construction of fifteen new 2-generator SGQC codes over the finite field F 4 with minimum distances exceeding the minimum distances of the previously best known F 4 -linear codes with comparable parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a new class of additive codes which is referred to as ℤ2ℤ2[u]-additive codes is introduced. This is a generalization towards another direction of recently introduced ℤ2ℤ4-additive codes [J. Borges, C. Fernández-Córdoba, J. Pujol, J. Rif´a, and M. Villanueva, ℤ2ℤ4-linear codes: Generator matrices and duality, Designs Codes Cryptogr. 54(2) (2010), pp. 167–179]. ℤ2ℤ4-additive codes have shown to provide a promising class of codes with their algebraic structure and applications such as steganography. The standard generator matrices are established and by introducing orthogonality the parity-check matrices are also obtained. A MacWilliams-type identity that relates the weight enumerator of a code with its dual is proved. Furthermore, a Gray map that maps these codes to binary codes is defined and some examples of optimal codes which are the binary Gray images of ℤ2ℤ2[u]-additive codes are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The control of the uptake of growth factors in tissue engineering is mathematically modelled by a partial differential equation subject to boundary and initial conditions. The main objective is to regulate cellular processes for the growth or regeneration of a tissue within an assigned terminal time. The techniques of basis function expansion and direct state parameterization were employed to yield efficient computational methods for this problem. Using Legendre and Chebyshev wavelets, the optimal control of the lumped-parameter system was transformed into a system of algebraic equations. The computational efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed method are illustrated by numerical examples. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this paper, we study \BBZ2\BBZ4-additive cyclic codes. These codes are identified as \BBZ4[x]-submodules of the ring Rr,s=\BBZ2[x]/\langle x^{r}-1\rangle\times\BBZ4\left[x\right]/\langle x^{s}-1\rangle. The algebraic structure of this family of codes is studied and a set of generator polynomials for this family as a \BBZ4[x]-submodule of the ring Rr,s is determined. We show that the duals of \BBZ2\BBZ4-additive cyclic codes are also cyclic. We also present an infinite family of Maximum Distance separable with respect to the singleton bound codes. Finally, we obtain a number of binary linear codes with optimal parameters from the \BBZ2\BBZ4-additive cyclic codes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we will study the structure of ℤ 4 R -additive codes where ℤ 4 = { 0 , 1 , 2 , 3 } is the well-known ring of 4 elements and R is the ring given by R = ℤ 4 + u ℤ 4 + v ℤ 4 , where u 2 = u , v 2 = v and u v = v u = 0. We will classify all maximum distance separable codes with respect to the Singleton bound (MDSS) over ℤ 4 R. Then we will focus on ℤ 4 R -additive cyclic and constacyclic codes. We will find a unique set of generator polynomials for these codes and determine minimum spanning sets for them. We will also find the generator polynomials for the dual of any ℤ 4 R -additive cyclic or constacyclic code. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study a special type of quasi-cyclic (QC) codes called skew QC codes. This set of codes is constructed using a noncommutative ring called the skew polynomial ring F[x;θ]. After a brief description of the skew polynomial ring F[x;θ], it is shown that skew QC codes are left submodules of the ring Rsl = (F[x;θ]/(xs - 1))l. The notions of generator and parity-check polynomials are given. We also introduce the notion of similar polynomials in the ring F[x;θ] and show that parity-check polynomials for skew QC codes are unique up to similarity. Our search results lead to the construction of several new codes with Hamming distances exceeding the Hamming distances of the previously best known linear codes with comparable parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers the problem of controlling the solution of an initial boundary-value problem for a wave equation with time-dependent sound speed. The control problem is to determine the optimal sound speed function which damps the vibration of the system by minimizing a given energy performance measure. The minimization of the energy performance measure over sound speed is subjected to the equation of motion of the system with imposed initial and boundary conditions. Using the modal space technique, the optimal control of distributed parameter systems is simplified into the optimal control of bilinear time-invariant lumped-parameter systems. A wavelet-based method for evaluating the modal optimal control and trajectory of the bilinear system is proposed. The method employs finite CAS wavelets to approximate modal control and state variables. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method in reducing the energy of the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The optimal control of transverse vibration of two Euler–Bernoulli beams coupled in parallel by discrete springs is considered. An index of performance is formulated which consists of a modified energy functional of two coupled structures at a specified time and penalty functions involving the point control forces. The minimization of the performance index over these forces is subject to the equation of motion governing the structural vibrations, the imposed initial condition as well as the boundary conditions. By use of the modal space technique, the optimal control of distributed parameter systems is simplified into the optimal control of a linear time-invariant lumped-parameter systems. A computationally attractive method based on Legendre wavelets in time domain for solving the optimal control of the lumped parameter systems for any finite interval is proposed. Legendre wavelet integral operational matrix and the properties of a Kronecker product are used to find the approximated optimal trajectory and optimal law of the linear systems with respect to a quadratic cost function by only solving a linear system of algebraic equations. This method provides a straightforward and convenient approach for digital computation. A numerical example is provided to demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed method. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In this correspondence, we study cyclic codes of length n = 2e over the ring R4 = Z4 [x]/(xn - 1). In particular, we derive a closed-form expression for the number of these codes for a given length n. We also study the rank of these codes and derive an expression for that. Furthermore, we give an example in which we study all cyclic codes of length 8. We also study all self-dual codes of length 8 and 16 and classify them according to their type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Results are presented on the generators of ideals in the ring Z[sub 4][x]/(x[sup n] - 1). In particular, each ideal (cyclic code) has a unique distinguished set of generators that characterizes any cyclic code. Some results about dual codes are also included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyclic codes of odd length over Z4 have been studied by many authors. But what is the form of cylic codes of even length? The structure of cyclic codes of length n=2e, for any positive integer e is considered. We show that any cyclic code is an ideal in the ring Rn=Z4[x]/〈xn−1〉. We show that the ring Rn is a local ring but not a principal ideal ring. Also, we find the set of generators for cyclic codes. Examples of cyclic codes of such length are given. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In this paper, we are interested in finding an algebraic structure of conjucyclic codes of length n over the finite field F 4. We show that conjucyclic codes of length n over F 4 are related to binary cyclic codes of length 2 n and show that there is a canonical bijective correspondence between the two sets. We illustrate how the factorization of the polynomial x 2 n + 1 plays a critical role in each setting. Moreover, we construct the generator and parity check matrices of conjucyclic codes of length n over F 4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let 𝔽 4 be the field of four elements. We denote by R the commutative ring, with 1 6 elements, 𝔽 4 + v 𝔽 4 : = { a + v b | a , b ∈ 𝔽 4 } with v 2 = v. This work defines linear codes over the ring of mixed alphabets 𝔽 4 R as well as their dual codes under a nondegenerate inner product. We then derive the systematic form of the respective generator matrices of the codes and their dual codes. We wrap the paper up by proving the MacWilliams identity for linear codes over 𝔽 4 R. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Galerkin and wavelet methods for optimal boundary control of a couple of discretely connected parallel beams are proposed. First, the problem with boundary controls is converted into a problem with distributed controls. The problem is, then, reduced by a Galerkin-based approach into determining the optimal control of a linear time-invariant lumped parameter system, which will be solved by a wavelet-based method using Legendre wavelets. The integration-operational matrix and Kronecker product are utilized to significantly simplify the optimization problem into a system of linear equations. A numerical example is presented to demonstrate the applicability and the efficiency of the proposed method. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]