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Background: To describe Purtscher's and Purtscher-like retinopathy clinical features, etiologies, management options, and visual outcomes. Methods: Our protocol was registered on PROSPERO [registration number: CRD42023406843]. Seven online databases were searched: PubMed, Scopus, Medline, ScienceDirect, CENTRAL, clinicaltrials.gov, and Google Scholar. Original articles were included if they reported at least one subject diagnosed with Purtscher's or Purtscher-like retinopathy. The primary outcome is to describe the clinical features of Purtscher and Purtscher-like retinopathies, including etiologies, results of related investigations, management lines, and visual outcomes. All analyses were conducted with the use of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27 (IBM SPSS Corp, SPSS Statistics ver. 26, USA) and Cochrane's RevMan software. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the NIH quality assessment tools. Results: A total of 114 articles were included, describing 168 cases of Purtscher's and Purtscher-like retinopathy. Patients were evenly distributed between males (50.89%) and females (49.11%). Average age of patients was 34.62 years old. Trauma was the leading cause of retinopathy, being reported in 39.88% of our patients, followed by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (13.1%) and acute pancreatitis (11.9%). Bilateral symptoms were reported in 57.7% of patients with centrally blurred vision being the most complained symptom (OS: 34.32% and OD: 18%). 75% of patients elicited bilateral retinal findings. Cotton-wool spots were of highest prevalence (58%). Purtscher flecken was seen in 53% of patients. Macular edema was seen in 13% of patients. Overall, patients had a favorable prognosis (53%). Conclusion: Purtscher's and Purtscher-like retinopathies are rare sight-threatening retinopathies that develop most commonly following trauma or other systemic diseases as SLE and acute pancreatitis. Little data is available regarding these conditions, and available data is of low quality. Patients develop bilateral disease in approximately 50% of cases, and several retinal findings are observed, with no specific tendency. Most observed signs are cotton-wool spots in around 55% of patients and Purtscher flecken in 51% of patients. Patients spontaneously recovered, although data is not conclusive. No clear prognostic value of etiological factors is identified, and further research is required in this regard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) are susceptible to complications, including iron overload, which can significantly impact their prognosis and overall health. This scoping review aimed to study the prevalence and implications of iron overload in CKD patients undergoing PD. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across five databases, leading to the selection of 18 papers for in‐depth analysis. These studies collectively involved 381 PD patients, 60.3% were males. Results: No consensus was reached regarding the exact diagnostic cutoff for iron overload. The investigations revealed four main aspects: (1) Seven papers identified various factors contributing to iron overload, emphasizing the role of different iron supplements and magnetic resonance imaging's capability to diagnose iron accumulation in organs; (2) Iron overload in young patients was found to hinder growth; (3) Six studies highlighted the adverse effects of iron overload, with cardiac issues being the most significant; (4) Three studies demonstrated the efficacy of iron‐chelating agents, Deferoxamine and Deferasirox, in treating iron overload patients undergoing PD. Overall, the estimated prevalence of liver iron overload in CKD patients on PD ranges from approximately 10% to 28.6%, which is far lower than the prevalence of 75% elegantly shown in HD patients. Conclusion: While iron overload was a significant concern for CKD patients undergoing PD in the past, it is less common in the current era due to advancements in treatments, such as erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents. Treatment with specific chelation agents has proven beneficial, but there is also a risk of adverse effects, necessitating meticulous monitoring and timely intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]