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Infection control is essential to protect both the doctor and the patient by preventing the spread of infectious diseases. There is no exception in the field of dentistry, particularly in orthodontics, where numerous appliances are used for a variety of functions and also because the mouth cavity has the highest concentration of bacteria of any body part. Through this systematic review, we aimed to assess the various methods of sterilization employed in an orthodontic setting. Using relevant keywords, reference searches, and citation searches, the databases such as PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Scopus were all searched; a total of 206 documents were found, of which 113 were initially selected. The remaining 23 distinct papers were initially made available after 90 publications that were identical to or similar to one another were eliminated. The final selection was made from eight documents that met all inclusion and exclusion requirements. The existing methods of sterilization were found to be competent in dealing with the microorganisms found in a typical orthodontic setting. The chemical method of sterilization was the norm in most of the studies that we assessed, with glutaraldehyde and peracetic acid (PAA) being the most commonly employed compounds for disinfection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A variety of metals and alloys are employed in the field of orthodontics, primary of which happen to be the construction of wires. Through this systematic review, we aimed to assess the various metallurgical characteristics of the said metals and alloys. Four hundred and eighty‑two documents in total were found after a thorough search of the online journals, and 169 of the papers were initially chosen. Ultimately, 16 documents were selected that satisfied the necessary inclusion and exclusion criteria, primarily in vitro studies, literature reviews, and comparative analyses. NiTi alloy was found to be the most commonly used alloy in construction of orthodontic wires across all the studies that we had selected for our review. It also had better performance and consistency in terms of its usage as depicted by the meta‑analysis performed, with stainless steel wires being a close second primarily due to its lesser cost compared to the former. Metallurgy and orthodontics are inextricably linked with one another. The various components of orthodontics such as wires, pliers, and other instruments utilize the metallurgical characteristics of metals and alloys that are specially prepared for the challenges of this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The literature on the use of static magnetic field (SMF), particularly in orthodontics, has certain gaps. Furthermore, the mechanism by which SMF affects orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is still unclear and quite contradictory. Thus, the goal of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess SMF's effect on OTM. This study also sought to analyse the variability of the studies included in the analysis and the size of the impact of SMF on OTM. Methods: Using the PRISMA guidelines, reviewers implemented a search strategy across several online databases, filtering out the initial articles that were obtained by applying relevant inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The overall effect size for the odds ratio was found to be 0.58, with a 95% confidence interval ranging from 0.40 to 0.86. This indicates that exposure to static magnetic fields is associated with a significantly reduced likelihood of orthodontic tooth movement in the animal studies analysed. Similarly, the overall effect size for the risk ratio was calculated to be 0.71, with a 95% confidence interval ranging from 0.55 to 0.91. The risk ratio also suggests a significant impact of SMF on OTM, with animals exposed to magnetic fields being at a lower risk of experiencing substantial tooth movement compared to those not exposed. However, it is important to note that moderate heterogeneity was observed among the included studies. Conclusion: The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis indicate that there may be a causal relationship between OTM and SMF. However, the small number of studies included in this review and their poor methodological quality limit the available data, highlighting the need for further well-designed research to support these conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The loss of a finger/fingers or any body part is the most distressing, psychologically crippling experience for a patient. Physical and mental rehabilitation and social (re) adjustment are required after a patient loses a body part in an accident or to tumor management. The only hope to rehabilitate such patients is to provide them with a cosmetic and functional prosthesis. Case Presentation: Two case reports are presented here, one prosthesis made with acrylic resin and another with Cosmosil silicone. The acrylic finger prosthesis case report presented here details the rehabilitation of three fingers severed in an accident and the silicone finger prosthesis case report details the rehabilitation of the right-hand index finger severed in an accident. Results: This case report review presents the follow-up satisfaction of both the patients regarding cosmetic appearance and longevity of the finger prosthesis. Conclusion: In this case, the authors found the acrylic resin prosthesis to be more satisfied after a year compared to the silicone prosthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To compare the chelation effect on dentin-root microhardness and surface topography between 17% Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), a commonly used chelating agent, and a potential chelating agent 25% copolymer of acrylic acid and maleic acid (Poly (AA-co-MA). Eleven extracted, well-preserved maxillary incisors were used. After the routine procedure of endodontic instrumentation, the roots were longitudinally split, dividing them into two halves. The samples were randomly divided into three groups of seven each (n=7). Group one was subjected to 17% EDTA. Group two was subjected to 25% Poly (AA-co-MA). Group 3 was used as a control group and treated only with saline. The chelating agents and saline were applied in a standardized method. The microhardness was evaluated using the Vickers Hardness test which was applied in three different spots on every half tooth. The surface topography was evaluated under Scanning Electronic Microscope. Paired t-test and Post Hoc tests with analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to estimate the impact of the chelating agents on the dentin-root microhardness and to compare the two agents. A significant difference in the microhardness was observed within Group 1 and Group 2 (before/after) (p<0.05), but no significant difference was seen between Groups 1 and 2 (p>0.05). A scanning electron microscope revealed the clear impact of EDTA and Poly (AA-co-MA) in the removal of the smear layer compared with saline. Within the limitations of this study, it is concluded that 25% Poly (AA-co-MA) can be used as a chelating agent. It has an equal effect to 17% Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in reducing the dentin-root microhardness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To identify the cephalometric features of three skeletal jaw relations (Class I, II, and III) in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) local population approaching for orthodontic consultations in males and females. Materials and Methods: A retrospective imaging study of pre-treatment orthodontic cephalometric records of male and female patients from a similar ethnic background was retrieved from clinics in the Northern Emirates. A total of fifty-four lateral cephalometric x-ray samples were selected of orthodontic patients aged between 18 to 40 years and were observed for 8 angular and 6 linear. The 18 cephalometric images were subdivided as 9 males and 9 females into each of Class I, II, and III categories. Results: The majority of angular and linear measurements for the three skeletal types had significant differences amongst the males and females. The anterior and posterior cranial base length and lower anterior facial height showed lower values in class III females and the length of the maxilla (ANS-PNS) showed higher value in Class III males. The length of the mandible (Go-Pog), and lower anterior facial height for male was significantly longer than females in Class III. The Interincisal angle (U1-L1) demonstrated a significant difference among the three Classes with the highest value in Class III followed by Class I and then Class II Conclusion: This study provides us a reference or database for Emirate's population characteristics, which aids in achieving more precise, effective, and successful orthodontic treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Biological and technical hardware complications in implant-retained prostheses are well documented in the literature. The most frequently reported failures are on the immediate or delayed factors after implant placement. Even when the implant has successfully osseointegrated, there is a chance that the prosthesis can fail if the treatment planning and occlusal aspects are not well studied. Management of failed cases is rarely reported. In this case report, the authors present a failed implant prosthesis and how it was managed well with a more permanent solution. Case presentation: A 55-year-old, male retired bank manager, reported with the chief complaint of frequent fracture of the maxillary acrylic hybrid implant prosthesis that was delivered 6 months ago. He wanted a replacement for the fractured upper maxillary acrylic hybrid prosthesis. On clinical evaluation, the upper maxillary implant prosthesis was opposing the natural tooth, an anterior bridge, and two posterior implants in the lower right and left of the first and second molar region. The patient was happy with the lower restorations. Conclusion: The design of the final restoration based on biological, mechanical, technological, and patient factors should be ideally planned during the initial treatment planning stage itself. In case a prosthesis fails the underlying cause should be analyzed and retreatment planning is to be done. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]