Search

In this study, the anatomical and micromorphological structure, karyological characteristics and biochemical content of Scutellaria orientalis subsp. virens and endemic Scutellaria salviifolia, whose distributions areas overlap, were compared. Some anatomical and micromorphological differences were observed on the taxa; scleranchymatic pericycle layer on the stem, stomata density, distribution of trichomes, as well as the main vascular bundle and general shape of the petiole. The chromosome numbers of both taxa were determined as 2n = 22. However, there was a difference between chromosome length range and total chromosome length. The chromosome numbers and chromosome morphologies of these species have been defined for the first time in this paper. Differences in biochemical content were observed between species. Chlorophyll a (Chl a), total chlorophyll (Total Chl), total carbohydrate and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were determined higher in leaf and stem samples of S. orientalis subsp. virens than S. salviifolia. There was no significant difference between the two taxa in terms of chlorophyll b (Chl b) content. Carotenoid (Car) content was detected higher in leaves samples of S. orientalis subsp. virens, but no significant difference was found between stems samples. Also, the effect of taxa on biochemical contents in relation to the habitat they live in is given in this study., Bu çalışmada, yayılış alanları örtüşen Scutellaria orientalis subsp. virens ve endemik Scutellaria salviifolia'nın anatomik ve mikromorfolojik yapısı, karyolojik özellikleri ve biyokimyasal içeriği karşılaştırılmıştır. Taksonlarda bazı anatomik ve mikromorfolojik farklılıklar gözlenmiştir. Bunlar; gövdede sklerankimatik periskl tabakası, stoma yoğunluğu, trikomların dağılımı, petiyolün genel şekli ve ayrıca ana iletim demetinde birtakım farklılıklar şeklindedir. Her iki taksonun kromozom sayıları 2n=22 olarak belirlenmesine rağmen kromozom uzunluk aralığı ile toplam kromozom uzunluğu arasında fark görülmüştür. Bu türlerin kromozom sayıları ve kromozom morfolojileri ilk kez bu çalışmada tanımlanmıştır. Türler arasında biyokimyasal içerik farklılıkları da gözlenmiştir. S. orientalis subsp. virens'in yaprak ve gövde örneklerinde klorofil a (Chl a), toplam klorofil (Toplam Chl), toplam karbonhidrat ve malondialdehit (MDA) içeriğinin S. salviifolia'ya göre daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Klorofil b (Chl b) içeriği açısından iki takson arasında önemli bir fark tespit edilmemiştir. S. orientalis subsp. virens'in yaprak örneklerinde karotenoid (Car) içeriği daha yüksek saptanmış, ancak gövde örnekleri arasında önemli bir fark bulunmamıştır. Çalışmada taksonların yaşadıkları habitata göre biyokimyasal içerikleri üzerindeki etkisi de verilmiştir.

In this study, three hybrids of Origanum (Lamiaceae) were examined in detail using morphological, karyological, palynological and molecular approaches. One of the three hybrids, O. x aytacii, is here described for the first time, and is compared with its putative parents, O. sipyleum and O. vulgare subsp. hirtum. In addition to morphological, karyological and palynological features, we also examined nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS) sequences of O. x intermedium (O. onites x O. sipyleum), O. x intercedens (O. onites x O. vulgare subsp. hirtum) and their purported parental species that share the same area with the new hybrid. Pollen grains were hexacolpate and isopolar. The range of Polar/Equatorial ratio (P/E) of pollen for investigated taxa varied from 0.74 to 0.99. All investigated taxa are diploid with a chromosome number as 2n = 30. According to molecular results, O. x aytacii was the most polymorphic taxon. In addition, DNA sequences showed that O. x intercedens was more similar to O. vulgare subsp. hirtum than to O. onites, and O. x intermedium was more similar to O. onites than to O. sipyleum. Furthermore, O. onites and O. vulgare subsp. hirtum have many different ITS haplotypes, probably resulting from backcrossing with different individuals. Results obtained in this study demonstrate that hybridization has played a major role in the process of Origanum speciation.

Origanum munzurense Kit Tan & Sorger (Sect. Brevifilamentum Ietsw.) was described by Kit Tan & Sorger in 1984, and it is an accepted species related to O. acutidens (Hand.-Mazz.) Ietsw. belonging to sect. Brevifilamentum. It is morphologically intermediate between O. acutidens and O. vulgare L. subsp. gracile (K.Koch) Ietsw., and its type locality lies in the overlap zone between the geographic distributions of these two taxa. We hypothesized that O. munzurense is in fact a hybrid between the two aforementioned taxa and we tested this hypothesis with the general morphology, chromosome features, and nuclear (ITS1-ITS2) and chloroplast (rpl32) DNA sequences of specimens of O. munzurense and its putative parental species, O. vulgare subsp. gracile and O. acutidens. The somatic chromosome number of O. munzurense, O. vulgare subsp. gracile and O. acutidens were counted as 2n=30. Origanum munzurense presented polymorphic sites in the nuclear ITS region, but the chloroplast markers did not allow us to identify the putative maternal of O. munzurense. Our results suggest that O. munzurense is indeed a hybrid, and its rearrangement as a new homoploid hybrid (O. xmunzurense) would be more accurate. These present results support previous reports for the speciation of Origanum members via hybridization.

Nepeta baytopii (sect. Schizocalyx) and N. sorgerae (sect. Subinterruptae) are the two endemic species of the genus Nepeta L. in Turkey. In this paper, this two Nepeta species which are in two different sections are examined anatomically. In this study, it was investigated on stem-leaf anatomy and trichomes micromorphology of these Nepeta species in order to improve our knowledge of its anatomy for systematics and to help separate the species. The anatomical characters of the species, such as stem and leaf are described in detail. The anatomical results were compared to the same investigations done before. In anatomical studies, cross-sections of stems and leaves were examined and are supported by illustrations and photographs. Also, trichomes in stems and leaves were investigated by LM and SEM. Anatomical characters of the species were observed to be similar to the usual features of Lamiaceae anatomy. Finally, these two species are different for serriate of pericycle, collenchyma, xylem and phloem. And the trichome covers of these two species are different from each other.