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Motivation is crucial in guiding student behavior and engagement during the learning process. Therefore, it is essential to improve motivation by implementing a customized learning model that addresses individual needs and learning styles. This study aims to investigate the influence of the visual, auditory, and kinesthetic (VAK) learning model on students' motivation and academic achievement at Salafiyah Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, Cirebon City. A one-group pretest-posttest research design was used. Data were collected through questionnaires and tests. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, N-gains, t-tests, and simple linear regression. The results indicate that 59.76% of the students agreed or strongly agreed with the implementation of the VAK model, while 17.51% disagreed or strongly disagreed, and 22.70% were undecided. The implementation of the VAK model significantly improved learners' motivation and engagement in the educational process, as evidenced by a mean score of 79% on the questionnaire. Post-test results showed a significant increase in student learning outcomes, with an average score of 79.1 in the post-test compared to 60.7 in the pre-test. The coefficient of determination test results demonstrated a 47.5% increase, while the average N-gain value revealed a medium-level improvement of 0.4351. These findings provide useful insights for educators and researchers seeking to increase student motivation and achievement by designing VAK models that provide effective and engaging learning experiences.

Abstract This study aims to describe the teacher's strategy for improving reading comprehension skills of Arabic texts in class v at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (Islamic Elementary School) in Cirebon City. This qualitative research uses a descriptive approach. The sources of data or informants in this research are Arabic teachers, fifth-grade students, and school principals. The data were collected through observation, in depth-interviews and documentation. Data analysis starts with data reduction, presentation, and interpretation. The results showed that the Arabic teacher's strategies in improving reading comprehension skills of Arabic texts in class V were as follows: 1. Reading texts Aloud, 2; translating texts, 3. Reviewing translation results, 4, Answering questions, 5. Sharing answers, and 6. Repetition. Arabic text comprehension reading skills in class V are quite good, obtaining an average score that has met the minimum completeness criteria. The teacher and student experienced during the learning process reading comprehension skills in Class V supported by the activity of reading the Holy Qur'an every Monday to Thursday, which is carried out after learning activities, recitation activities at home with a teacher of the Qur'an, the availability of a library at school, and studying with peers. Then some of the difficulties faced are the lack of parental support, the habits of students who often play with gadgets, and the lack of availability of book facilities in the library.

Abstract This study aims to determine the implementation of School Based Management (SBM) on student learning outcomes at Madrasah Ibtidaiyyah (MI) in Harjamukti District, Cirebon City. The research method adopted in this study was field research. Data collection is done through interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis techniques used in this qualitative research was inductive in nature, namely an analysis based on the obtained data. The steps taken were analyzing the data which has been collected; interpreting the data; drawing conclusions through way of thinking based on specific facts, where then directed to general conclusions. The results show that the implementation of SBM at MI in Harjamukti Cirebon District has been running quite effectively and efficiently. This can be seen from the support of all staff, SBM phasing, staff training, budget support and delegation of authority, high academic achievement of students, teachers mastery on materials and appropriate teaching procedures, efficient and effective use of facilities, teacher understanding of the characteristics of groups and individuals, a fun and interactive learning environment and the personality of teachers who can act as role models. Based on various aspects which have been arranged in school-based management, this has implications on improving student learning outcomes at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah in Harjamukti District, Cirebon City. Furthermore, this is evidenced in the school exam results. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi implementasi Manajemen Berbasis Sekolah (MBS) terhadap hasil belajar siswa di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) Se Kecamatan Harjamukti Kota Cirebon. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian lapangan (field research). Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini bersifat induktif, yaitu suatu analisis berdasarkan data yang diperoleh. Langkah yang dilakukan adalah Menelaah data yang berhasil dikumpulkan, menafsirkan data, kemudian mengambil kesimpulan secara induktif, yaitu penarikan kesimpulan dengan cara berfikir berdasarkan fakta- fakta khusus, kemudian diarahkan kepada penarikan kesimpulan umum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan MBS di MI se Kecamatan Harjamukti Cirebon sudah berjalan cukup efektif dan efesien, hal ini tercermin dari dukungan seluruh staf & pelatihan staf, pentahapan MBS, dukungan anggaran dan pendelegasian wewenang, prestasi akademik siswa yang tinggi, penguasaan guru terhadap bahan dan prosedur mengajar yang tepat, pemanfaatan fasilitas secara efisien dan efektif, pemahaman guru tentang karakteristik kelompok dan perorangan, lingkungan belajar yang menyenangkan dan interaktif serta kepribadian guru yang bisa menjadi teladan. Berdasarkan berbagai aspek yang telah tersusun dalam manajemen berbasis sekolah, hal tersebut berimplikasi terhadap peningkatan hasil belajar siswa di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah se Kecamatan Harjamukti Kota Cirebon. Hal ini dibuktikan dalam hasil ujian sekolah.

AbstrakMatematika adalah pelajaran yang dianggap sangat sulit dan membosankan. Dalam proses pembelajaran matematika di MIN Kota Cirebon, peneliti menemukan bahwa hasil belajar matematika masih rendah. Nilai rata-ratanya adalah 51, lebih rendah dari KKM sebesar 65. Hal ini dimungkinkan karena proses pembelajaran yang dilakukan masih konvensional. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh data tentang bagaimana hasil belajar matematika materi perkalian kelas III MIN Kota Cirebon sebelum menggunakan metode drill, untuk memperoleh data tentang bagaimana penerapan metode drill dalam pembelajaran matematika materi perkalian kelas III MIN Kota Cirebon, untuk memperoleh seberapa besar pengaruh metode drill terhadap hasil belajar matematika materi perkalian siswa kelas III MIN Kota Cirebon. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen dengan menggunakan desain one-group pre-test - post-test design. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah angket dan tes. Sedangkan analisis data menggunakan uji regresi. Dari hasil penelitian, diketahui bahwa penggunaan Metode Drill dalam pembelajaran matematika menurut responden yang memilih jawaban selalu sebesar 16 responden (67%). Hasil belajar Matematika pada kelas III melalui penggunaan Metode Drill menunjukan kategori baik (diperoleh hasil rata-rata sebesar 85,8 %). Sedangkan besarnya angka pengaruh penggunaan metoda Drill terhadap hasil belajar Matematika sebesar 56%. Artinya, 56 % hasil belajar matematika di kelas ini dipengaruhi oleh Metode Drill. Karena nilai signifikansi lebih kecil dari 0,05 dan t hitung (5,295) lebih besar dari t tabel (1.72074) maka H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima, artinya terdapat pengaruh metode drill (X) terhadap hasil belajar (Y) matematika materi perkalian siswa kelas III MIN Kota Cirebon.Kata kunci: metode drill, hasil belajar. AbstractMathematics is a lesson that is considered very difficult and boring. In the process of learning mathematics in MIN Cirebon City, researchers found that the results of learning mathematics is still low. The average score is 51, lower than the KKM of 65. This is possible because the learning process is still conventional. The purpose of this research is to get data about how the result of learning mathematics of material of grade III MIN of Cirebon City before using drill method, to get data about how the application of drill method in learning mathematics material grade III MIN Cirebon City, to obtain how much influence drill method Toward the result of learning mathematics material of student of grade III MIN of Cirebon City. The method used in this research is an experimental method using one-group pre-test - post-test design. Data collection techniques used were questionnaires and tests, and data analysis using regression test. From the results of this study, we know that the use of Drill Method in mathematics learning according to respondents who choose the answer is always for 16 respondents (67%). Mathematics learning outcomes in grade III through the use of Drill Method showed good category (obtained an average result of 85.8%). While the magnitude of the influence of the use of Drill method of learning achievement of Math is 56%. That is, 56% of mathematics learning outcomes in this class is influenced by Drill Method. Because the significant value is smaller than 0.05 and t arithmetic (5.295) is greater than t table (1.72074) then H0 is rejected and Ha accepted, it means there is influence of drill method (X) on the learning outcome (Y) MIN Kota CirebonKey words: drill methods, learning outcomes.

ABSTRAKInovasi dalam dunia pendidikan tentunya akan selalu diperbarui terus-menerus baik dari segi administrasi hingga mutu peserta didik disekolah tersebut agar mampu bersaing dengan perkembangan yang terjadi di zaman teknologi. Perencanaan yang dilakukan terhadap sistem tentunya akan memberikan ekspektasi yang besar dan perubahan serta gejolak kebutuhan yang beragam, aspirasi dan kebutuhan itu sendiri yang nantinya dapat membentuk suatu gagasan dan ide baik secara otonomi dan reformasi yang akan dilakukan kaitannya dalam hal ini adalah sektor pendidikan yang nantinya membangun suatu citra dan karakter bangsa yang menjadikan warga masyarakatnya berkreatifitas dalam mengembangkan paradigma baru yang berlandaskan sistem otonomi yang disesuaikan oleh daerah itu sendiri dan tidak serta selalu bersifat adiktif terhadap keputuasan-keputusan atau kebijakan yang ditentukan oleh pusat (sentralisasi), kini kebijakan yang akan diambil dan dilaksanakan dapat dimiliki oleh setiap otonomi pendidikan yang menginginkan pembaruan yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan yang dibutuhkan dan tidak melanggar batasan-batasan yang telah ditentukan pula secara sentralisasi.Isu-isu pendidikan yang paparkan ini memiliki kata kunci otonomi dan reformasi pendidikan yang akan kita bahas tentang bagaimana pemahaman baik itu otonomi dan reformasi serta memberikan contoh isu yang akan kita angkat dalam kajian ini tentunya berhubungan dengan otonomi dan reformasi yang akan dijalankan di dunia pendidikan.Keyword : Otonomi, Reformasi pendidikan, Sentralisasi

ABSTRAKSalah satu strategi dan model pembelajaran adalah strategi pembelajaran kooperatif (cooperative learning). Pembelajaran kooperatif merupakan strategi pembelajaran yang akhir-akhir ini menjadi perhatian dan dianjurkan para ahli pendidikan untuk digunakan. Ada dua alasan mengapa kooperatif learning menjadi pilihan, pertama, beberapa hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa penggunaan pembelajaran kooperatif dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa sekaligus dapat meningkatkan kemampuan hubungan sosial, menumbuhkan sikap menerima kekurangan diri dan orang lain, serta dapat meningkatkan harga diri. Kedua, pembelajaran kooperatif dapat merealisasikan kebutuhan siswa dalam belajar berpikir, memecahkan masalah, dan mengintegrasikan pengetahuan dengan keterampilan. Dan dua alasan tersebut, maka pembelajaran kooperatif merupakan bentuk pembelajaran yang dapat memperbaiki sistem pembelajaran yang selama ini memiliki kelemahan.Kata Kunci : Strategi Pembelajaran, Pembelajaran Kooperatif

Linkage to care for newly diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients is important to ensure that patients have good access to care. However, there is little information about factors influencing linkage to care for HIV patients. We aimed to identify existing measures in place that promote linkage to care and to explore facilitators and barriers to linkage to care for clients diagnosed with HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome at a rural health center in Uganda. This descriptive qualitative study enrolled 33 purposively selected participants who included expert clients, linkage facilitators, heads of families with people living with HIV, and health workers. Data were collected using in-depth interviews that were audio-recorded, transcribed, and translated. The data were manually analyzed to generate themes. The following four themes were generated: 1) availability of services that include counseling, testing, treatment, follow-up, referral, outreach activities, and support systems. 2) Barriers to linkage to care were at the individual, health facility, and community levels. Individual-level barriers were socioeconomic status, high transport costs, fear of adverse drug effects, fear of broken relationships, and denial of positive results or treatment, while health facility barriers were reported to be long waiting time, negative staff attitude, and drug stock outs. Community barriers were mostly due to stigma experienced by HIV clients, resulting in discrimination by community members. 3) Facilitators to linkage to care were positive staff attitudes, access to information, fear of death, and support from others. 4) Suggestions for improving service delivery were shortening waiting time, integrating HIV services, increasing staff numbers, and intensifying outreaches. Our findings highlight the importance of stakeholder involvement in linkage to care. Access and linkage to care are positively and negatively influenced at the individual, community, and health facility levels. However, integration of HIV services and intensifying outreaches are key to improving linkage to care., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

We established rapid local viral sequencing to document the genomic diversity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 entering Uganda. Virus lineages closely followed the travel origins of infected persons. Our sequence data provide an important baseline for tracking any further transmission of the virus throughout the country and region.

Background: Achieving maternal mortality reduction as a development goal remains a major challenge in most low-resource countries. Saving Mothers, Giving Life (SMGL) is a multi-partner initiative designed to reduce maternal mortality rapidly in high mortality settings through community and facility evidence-based interventions and district-wide health systems strengthening that could reduce delays to appropriate obstetric care., Methods: An evaluation employing multiple studies and data collection methods was used to compare baseline maternal outcomes to those during Year 1 in SMGL pilot districts in Uganda and Zambia. Studies include health facility assessments, pregnancy outcome monitoring, enhanced maternal mortality detection in facilities, and population-based investigation of community maternal deaths. Population-based evaluation used standard approaches and comparable indicators to measure outcome and impact, and to allow comparison of the SMGL implementation in unique country contexts., Results: The evaluation found a 30% reduction in the population-based maternal mortality ratio (MMR) in Uganda during Year 1, from 452 to 316 per 100,000 live births. The MMR in health facilities declined by 35% in each country (from 534 to 345 in Uganda and from 310 to 202 in Zambia). The institutional delivery rate increased by 62% in Uganda and 35% in Zambia. The number of facilities providing emergency obstetric and newborn care (EmONC) rose from 10 to 25 in Uganda and from 7 to 11 in Zambia. Partial EmONC care became available in many more low and mid-level facilities. Cesarean section rates for all births increased by 23% in Uganda and 15% in Zambia. The proportion of women with childbirth complications delivered in EmONC facilities rose by 25% in Uganda and 23% in Zambia. Facility case fatality rates fell from 2.6 to 2.0% in Uganda and 3.1 to 2.0% in Zambia., Conclusions: Maternal mortality ratios fell significantly in one year in Uganda and Zambia following the introduction of the SMGL model. This model employed a comprehensive district system strengthening approach. The lessons learned from SMGL can inform policymakers and program managers in other low and middle income settings where similar approaches could be utilized to rapidly reduce preventable maternal deaths.

Background: The successful scale-up of safe male circumcision (SMC) in Uganda has been hinged on client's safety and quality of services. However, after the recent three tetanus deaths after circumcision a review of all tetanus cases in one of the hospitals where the cases occurred was initiated. This was to ascertain the potential for an association between tetanus infection and circumcision. Routinely collected national data were also reviewed to determine the burden of tetanus in Uganda and contextualize these incidents., Methods: A review of medical charts of tetanus cases identified from the inpatients registry at Masafu hospital, Busia district for the period 2009/2010-2013/2014. Data were abstracted from the inpatients registries, charts and HMIS annual reports, and a key informant interview conducted with the in-charge of the ward that treats tetanus patients. All quantitative data were captured in an electronic database. Routine facility data from the National District health Information Software-2 (DHIS-2) for all the 112 districts were also used. Descriptive analysis and Poisson regression models were used for statistical analysis using STATA version 13.0., Results: Data from the routine DHIS-2 showed a high and increasing burden of tetanus from the emergency/out-patient department records over the 4 year period, highest among females aged 5+ years in all the regions. At the Masafa hospital, the chart review revealed a total of 25 tetanus cases and all were males. Nearly a third (32 %) was aged 7-15 years, with no evidence of circumcision apart from only one case. The rate of tetanus infection among male inpatients over the review period was 2-6 per 1000. The case fatality rate was nearly a half (47.4 %) with deaths occurring within 2 days after admission, and rates of patients' self-discharge against medical advice were high, 36.8 %. The most common tetanus entry wounds were due to road traffic accidents, followed by diabetic foot. Anti-tetanus serum was only not readily available., Conclusion: The burden of tetanus is increasing, especially among females aged 5+ years. Tetanus entry wounds among the inpatients in Masafa hospital were mostly due to road traffic accidents, and young males. The tetanus case fatality was very high (47.4 %) and so was patient requested discharge. There is a need to do more to protect the population against tetanus infection, especially among females, and males who need either initial or booster tetanus immunization as SMC is scaled up.

Increasingly, the need to strengthen global capacity to prevent, detect, and respond to public health threats around the globe is being recognized. CDC, in partnership with the World Health Organization (WHO), has committed to building capacity by assisting member states with strengthening their national capacity for integrated disease surveillance and response as required by International Health Regulations (IHR). CDC and other U.S. agencies have reinforced their pledge through creation of global health security (GHS) demonstration projects. One such project was conducted during March-September 2013, when the Uganda Ministry of Health (MoH) and CDC implemented upgrades in three areas: 1) strengthening the public health laboratory system by increasing the capacity of diagnostic and specimen referral networks, 2) enhancing the existing communications and information systems for outbreak response, and 3) developing a public health emergency operations center (EOC) (Figure 1). The GHS demonstration project outcomes included development of an outbreak response module that allowed reporting of suspected cases of illness caused by priority pathogens via short messaging service (SMS; i.e., text messaging) to the Uganda District Health Information System (DHIS-2) and expansion of the biologic specimen transport and laboratory reporting system supported by the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). Other enhancements included strengthening laboratory management, establishing and equipping the EOC, and evaluating these enhancements during an outbreak exercise. In 6 months, the project demonstrated that targeted enhancements resulted in substantial improvements to the ability of Uganda's public health system to detect and respond to health threats.

Background: Since the year 2000, Uganda has experienced repeated outbreaks of viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHF). Ebola VHF outbreak occurred in the districts of Gulu in 2000, Bundibugyo, 2007, Luwero, 2011, Kibaale in July 2012, Luwero in November 2012. Marburg VHF was earlier reported in Ibanda in 2007. More recently in 2012, two outbreaks of Marburg VHF have occurred in Ibanda and Kabale districts., Objective: To present the epidemiological picture of the Marburg VHF recently reported in Ibanda and Kabale districts and propose research questions to generate evidence to mitigate future epidemics., Methods: A case definition for a VHF was developed. A frequency distribution of symptoms of confirmed and probable cases was done. Descriptive analyses of reported cases using simple percentages, percent distributions and computation of means was performed., Results: The Marburg epidemic was reported in early September and by November 2012, a cumulative of 14 cases (9 confirmed and 5 probable) including 7 deaths had been registered, giving a case fatality rate (CFR) of 50%. A total of 202 contacts had been listed; out of which 193 had completed the 21-day follow-up period. The index case was a 33-year old male, a teacher at Nyakatukura Secondary School in Ibanda district. He travelled to Ibanda from Kabale, his home district on 31st August 2012, reportedly healthy. He fell sick on 3rd September 2012 with complaints of fever, headache, loss of appetite and general body weakness. Overall, the dominant symptoms for all cases were fever, vomiting, loss of appetite, headache, abdominal pain, fatigue, diarrhea, and the least in occurrence was bleeding which accounted for 35.5% of all the cases., Conclusion: The source of infection for all the five Ebola Hemorrhagic fever outbreaks in Uganda and the recent Marburg VHF outbreak in Ibanda and Kabale is not known. Currently there is suspicion that there could be an animal reservoir of the Ebola and Marburg viruses from where occasional spillage into the human population occurs resulting in disease outbreaks. This and other hypotheses require further investigation.