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6. High Incidence of Esophageal Cancer in Women in Eritrea and Its Potential Link to Low Age at Menopause: Evidence from a 10‐Year Retrospective Data Analysis.

Author

Mengistu, Samuel Tekle, Kesete, Yafet, Achila, Oliver Okoth, Fikadu, Genet Tekeste, Abrhaley, Feven, Fikadu, Emnet Tekeste, Said, Salih Mohammed, Gheberehiwet, Matiwos Araya, Hamida, Mohammed Elfatih, Ghidei, Yosief Tewolde, and Kane, Eleanor

Subjects
ESOPHAGEAL cancer, SQUAMOUS cell carcinoma, CANCER patients, GOVERNMENT laboratories, STATISTICS
Abstract

Background. Detecting a group of esophageal cancer (EC) cases in endemic regions is essential in identifying high‐risk populations and executing appropriate interventions. The main aim of this study was to determine the epidemiology of EC in Eritrea. Methods. A retrospective (period: 2011 – 2021) study was carried out by abstracting data on EC patients from the logbook kept at the National Health Laboratory (ENHL). Information on socio‐demographic, clinical history, and biopsy analysis findings was collected. For the statistical assessment of data, the End Results (SEER) Joinpoint Regression Program (V.4.5.0.1) was used to calculate crude incidence rate (CIR), age‐adjusted incidence rate (ASR), and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) by sex, age, and histotype. Results. A total of 189 patient's samples (134 (70.9%) females vs. 55 (29.1%) males, ratio 2.43 : 1) were evaluated. Of the 155 patients with EC, 44 (28.4%) and 111 (71.6%) were diagnosed with esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), respectively (AC/ESCC ratio, 0.4). The median age (IQR) of patients with EC was 60 years (46.0 – 70 years) – (males 62 (IQR: 49.0 – 77 years) vs. females 60 (IQR: 46 ‐67 years), p‐value =0.43. Within age bands, the F: M ratios in patients with ESCC were as follows: >20 ‐29 years =2: 1; 30‐39 years =8 : 1; 40 – 49 years =10.5 : 1; 50‐59 years =6.67 : 1; 60‐69 years =3.25.1; 70‐79 years =1.5 : 1 and>80 years =2 : 1. The all‐age CIR and ASR for EC were 0.468 per 100 000 and 2.281 per 100 000 persons, respectively. Similarly, the all‐age ASR for both males and females was 2.88 per 100 000 and 1.61 per 100 000. Over the study period, the EAPC for all cases was ‐3.0% (95% CI, −11.3 to 6.1, p‐value =0.455). Conclusion. In large part, EC is a women's disease in Eritrea. The unusually high incidence of ESCC and the high female‐to‐male ratio point at sex‐dependent exposures as a major driver of the EAC epidemic in the country. Therefore, research on the risk factors of EC in Eritrea is urgently needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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7. Attrition and its predictors among adults enrolled in cART programs in two referral hospitals in the northern coastal areas of Eritrea: 16-year retrospective study

Author

Yohannes, Nahom Asmerom, primary, Mengistu, Samuel Tekle, additional, Tewoldemedhin, Sirak Afewerki, additional, Ghebreigziabher, Robel Ghirmay, additional, Tewolde, Naod Yeibio, additional, Aron, Robel, additional, Ghebreab, Luam, additional, Hamida, Mohammed Elfatih, additional, and Achila, Oliver Okoth, additional

Published
2024
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8. Patterns and trends of antimicrobial resistance in bacterial isolates from urine cultures in Eritrea, 2010–2021: a secondary dataset analysis

Author

Garoy, Eyob Yohannes, primary, Ghebrehiwet, Matiwos Araya, additional, Fessehaye, Nahom, additional, Achila, Oliver Okoth, additional, Gebrehiwet, Ghirmay Yemane, additional, Abraham, Feven Gebremeskel, additional, Berhe, Sador Daniel, additional, Berhe, Yonatan Laine, additional, Mengistu, Samuel Tekle, additional, Buthuamlak, Abrehet Marikos, additional, Syum, Biniam Efrem, additional, and Hamida, Mohammed Elfatih, additional

Published
2024
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9. Epidemiology of confirmed measles virus cases, surveillance, incidence, and associated factors in Eritrea: 18-year retrospective analysis

Author

Mengistu, Samuel Tekle, primary, Achila, Oliver Okoth, additional, Tewelde, Asmerom Tesfagiorgis, additional, Hamida, Mohammed Elfatih, additional, Tekle, Freweini, additional, Michae, Issaias, additional, Said, Mensura, additional, Fsahatsion, Dawit, additional, Abai, Haimanot, additional, Mulugeta, Rahel, additional, Tsegai, Tsigehana, additional, Woldu, Luwam Gilazghi, additional, and Werke, Wintana Yebio, additional

Published
2023
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14. Prevalence and factors associated with pediatric HIV therapy failure in a tertiary hospital in Asmara, Eritrea: A 15-year retrospective cohort study

Author

Mengistu, Samuel Tekle, primary, Ghebremeskel, Ghirmay Ghebrekidan, additional, Achila, Oliver Okoth, additional, Abrehe, Miriam Berhane, additional, Tewelde, Samuel Fisseha, additional, Idris, Mahmud Mohammed, additional, Tikue, Tsegereda Gebrehiwot, additional, and Mesfin, Araia Berhane, additional

Published
2023
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15. Attrition and its predictors among adults enrolled in cART programs in two referral hospitals in the northern coastal areas of Eritrea: 16-year retrospective study

Author

Hamida, Mohammed Elfatih, primary, Mengistu, Samuel Tekle, additional, Yohannes, Nahom Asmerom, additional, Tewoldemedhin, Sirak Afewerki, additional, Ghebreigziabher, Robel Ghirmay, additional, Tewolde, Naod Yeibio, additional, Aron, Robel, additional, and Achila, Oliver Okoth, additional

Published
2023
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16. Understanding Presbyopia in Asmara: Prevalence, Association with Refractive Error, and Age-Based Addition

Author

Smret,Tsige Mnasie, Weldegergis,Rahel, Achila,Oliver Okoth, Tekle,Alexander, Smret,Tsige Mnasie, Weldegergis,Rahel, Achila,Oliver Okoth, and Tekle,Alexander

Abstract

Tsige Mnasie Smret,1 Rahel Kesete Weldegergis,2 Oliver Okoth Achila,3 Alexander Mulugeta Tekle4 1Department of Optometry, Biet Mekae Community Hospital, Asmara, Eritrea; 2Department of Optometry, Vision Express Eye Care Clinic, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 3Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Orotta College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Asmara, Eritrea; 4Department of Optometry, Hazhaz Zonal Referral Hospital, Asmara, EritreaCorrespondence: Tsige Mnasie Smret; Rahel Kesete Weldegergis, Email tsigemnasie@gmail.com; rachelkesete@gmal.comBackground: Presbyopia is an age-related progressive decrease of near vision, corrected by near addition glasses. These age-appropriate glasses, however, vary across different geographical locations and populations. But there is no existing information on the age-based addition for Asmara and high number of uncorrected presbyopes, so this study determined the required age-based addition for the presbyopes in Asmara.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on patients aged 35– 60 years who visited all eye centers in the city. Patients with best-corrected visual acuity in both eyes better than 6/9 were included in the study. Near add was calculated using Monocular Estimation Method (MEM) and amplitude of accommodation results. Data entry and analysis were performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences v. 20.Results: This study included 1310 participants of whom 48.5% were females and 51.5% were males. The prevalence of presbyopia was found to be 74.1% out of which 44% were females. There were 35.6% of the participants with a previous prescription for glasses, though only 24% of the participants presented with glasses on. Among the different occupational categories, laborers were the ones who had the highest number of presbyopes (79.5%), office workers (73%), and housewives (68.7%). The mean age of those with presbyopes was 49.5 ± 5.8 years. Multivariable analysis performed for presbyopia showed that older age an

Published
2023

20. Antiretroviral Therapy Regimen Modification Rates and Associated Factors in a Cohort of HIV/AIDS Patients in Asmara, Eritrea: A 16-year Retrospective Analysis

Author

Tekle, Samuel, primary, Yohannes, Arsema, additional, Issaias, Hermon, additional, Mesfn, Mical, additional, Zerufael, Simon, additional, Dirar, Aman, additional, Teklemariam, Habtemichael M., additional, Ghebremeskel, Ghirmary Ghebrekidane, additional, Achila, Oliver Okoth, additional, and Basha, Saleem, additional

Published
2022
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26. Portrait of the Emergency Department at Orotta National Referral and Teaching Hospital in Asmara, Eritrea: A Prospective Observational Study

Author

Mengistu,Samuel Tekle, Achila,Oliver Okoth, Negash,Simon Tesfay, Tesfaldet,Yonathan, Tewolde,Naod Yeibyo, Yohannes,Nahom Asmerom, Embaye,Peniel Tsehaye, Yemane,Fanus, Abraha,Beyene, Hagos,Goitom, Tewolde,Yoseph, Mengistu,Samuel Tekle, Achila,Oliver Okoth, Negash,Simon Tesfay, Tesfaldet,Yonathan, Tewolde,Naod Yeibyo, Yohannes,Nahom Asmerom, Embaye,Peniel Tsehaye, Yemane,Fanus, Abraha,Beyene, Hagos,Goitom, and Tewolde,Yoseph

Abstract

Samuel Tekle Mengistu,1 Oliver Okoth Achila,2 Simon Tesfay Negash,3 Yonathan Tesfaldet,4 Naod Yeibyo Tewolde,5 Nahom Asmerom Yohannes,6 Peniel Tsehaye Embaye,7 Fanus Yemane,3 Beyene Abraha,7 Goitom Hagos,8 Yoseph Tewolde9 1Nakfa Hospital, Ministry of Health Northern Red Sea Branch, Nakfa, Eritrea; 2Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Orotta College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Asmara, Eritrea; 3Adi Keih Hospital, Adi-Keih, Eritrea; 4Akurdet Hospital, Akurdet, Eritrea; 5Ghindae Hospital, Ghindae, Eritrea; 6Gedem Naval Hospital, Gedem, Eritrea; 7Department of Clinical Sciences, Orotta College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Asmara, Eritrea; 8Department of Internal medicine, Orotta College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Asmara, Eritrea; 9Department of Surgery, Orotta College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Asmara, EritreaCorrespondence: Samuel Tekle Mengistu, General Practitioner, Nakfa Hospital, Northern Red Sea Ministry of Health, Nakfa, P.O. Box - 5659, Asmara, Eritrea, Tel +2917535772, Email teklesam7@gmail.comBackground: Provision of high-quality emergency care for acute, life-threatening illnesses can significantly reduce DALY and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Here, we present data on the profile of an Emergency Department (ED) in the largest referral hospital in Eritrea and potential gaps for intervention.Patients and Methods: This was a prospective single-center observational study of 1093 patients who presented to the ED between September and October of 2020. Data were collected using a questionnaire from the patients’ interview, observation and medical record review. The data were summarized using descriptive statistics and where applicable logistic regressions were performed.Results: The median age was 45.0 years among the patients. In terms of acuity, 741 (68.5%), 283 (26.2%), 48 (4.4%), 10 (0.9%) patients were triaged as green, yellow, red, and black, respectively. In addition, the number of self-referred patients was 857 (79.1%) and a

Published
2022

28. Portrait of the Emergency Department at Orotta National Referral and Teaching Hospital in Asmara, Eritrea: A Prospective Observational Study

Author

Mengistu, Samuel Tekle, primary, Achila, Oliver Okoth, additional, Negash, Simon Tesfay, additional, Tesfaldet, Yonathan, additional, Tewolde, Naod Yeibyo, additional, Yohannes, Nahom Asmerom, additional, Embaye, Peniel Tsehaye, additional, Yemane, Fanus, additional, Abraha, Beyene, additional, Hagos, Goitom, additional, and Tewolde, Yoseph, additional

Published
2022
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29. Metabolic syndrome, associated factors and optimal waist circumference cut points: findings from a cross-sectional community-based study in the elderly population in Asmara, Eritrea

Author

Achila, Oliver Okoth, primary, Araya, Mathewos, additional, Berhe, Arsema Brhane, additional, Haile, Niat Habteab, additional, Tsige, Luwam Kahsai, additional, Shifare, Bethelihem Yemane, additional, Bitew, Tesfaalem Abel, additional, Berhe, Israel Eyob, additional, Abraham, Isayas Afewerki, additional, and Yohaness, Eyob Garoy, additional

Published
2022
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31. Determinants of Therapy Failure Among Adults on First-line Antiretroviral Therapy in Asmara, Eritrea: A Multicenter Retrospective Matched Case-control Study

Author

Mengistu, Samuel Tekle, primary, Ghebremeskel, Ghirmay Ghebrekidan, additional, Ghebrat, Hermon Berhe, additional, Achila, Oliver Okoth, additional, Yohannes, Nahom Asmerom, additional, Ghebrenegus, Amon Solomon, additional, Gebretsadik, Filimon, additional, Yeibyo, Naod, additional, Andegiorgish, Amanuel Kidane, additional, Mesfn, Araya Berhane, additional, and Leake, Negassi, additional

Published
2022
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32. Evaluation of antimicrobial activity and phytochemical screening of Silene macrosolen and Solanum incanum: A common medicinal plant in Eritrea

Author

Hamida, Mohammed Elfatih, primary, Ateshim, Bilen, additional, Tekle, Frenai, additional, kahsay, Meron Tesfay, additional, Tekleab, Muzit, additional, Tekie, Rahel, additional, Weldemariam, Saimon, additional, Achila, Oliver Okoth, additional, Mengistu, Samuel Tekle, additional, and Ghebremeskel, Ghirmay Ghebrekidan, additional

Published
2022
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33. Dyslipidemia and Associated Risk Factors in the Elderly Population in Asmara, Eritrea: Results from a Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Author

Achila, Oliver Okoth, primary, Araya, Mathewos, additional, Berhe, Arsiema Brhane, additional, Haile, Niat Habteab, additional, Tsige, Luwam Kahsai, additional, Shifare, Bethelihem Yemane, additional, Bitew, Tesfalem Abel, additional, Berhe, Israel Eyob, additional, Mengistu, Samuel Tekle, additional, and Yohaness, Eyob Garoy, additional

Published
2021
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34. Dyslipidemias and 10-Years Cardiovascular Risk Scores in Adults in Asmara, Eritrea: Findings From a Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Author

Achila, Oliver Okoth, primary, Fessahye, Nahom, additional, Mengstu, Samuel Tekle, additional, Habtemikael, Naemi Tesfamariam, additional, Werke, Wintana Yebio, additional, Zemichael, Femal Tesfazghi, additional, Leghese, Haben Negash, additional, Weldegegish, Thomas Amanuel, additional, Tekeste, Tsegay Habteab, additional, and Garoy, Eyob Yohannes, additional

Published
2021
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36. Magnitude of Multidrug Resistance among Bacterial Isolates from Surgical Site Infections in Two National Referral Hospitals in Asmara, Eritrea

Author

Garoy, Eyob Yohannes, primary, Gebreab, Yacob Berhane, additional, Achila, Oliver Okoth, additional, Tecklebrhan, Nobiel, additional, Tsegai, Hermon Michael, additional, Hailu, Alex Zecarias, additional, Buthuamlak, Abrehet Marikos, additional, Asfaga, Tewelde Ghide, additional, and Hamida, Mohammed Elfatih, additional

Published
2021
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37. Additional file 2 of Do nurses have barriers to quality oral care practice at a generalized hospital care in Asmara, Eritrea? A cross-sectional study

Author

Dagnew, Zewdi Amanuel, Isayas Afewerki Abraham, Ghirmay Ghebreigziabher Beraki, Mittler, Sibyl, Achila, Oliver Okoth, and Eyasu H. Tesfamariam

Abstract

Additional file 2. Focus group discussion and key informant interview guide to assess nurses’ barriers to quality oral care practice at a generalized hospital in Asmara, Eritrea.

Published
2020
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39. Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Associated Factors in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study at a Follow-up Clinic in Asmara, Eritrea

Author

Achila, Oliver Okoth, primary, Ghebretinsae, Millen, additional, Kidane, Abraham, additional, Simon, Michael, additional, Makonen, Shewit, additional, Rezene, Yohannes, additional, GaroyYohaness, Eyob, additional, Medhani, Goitom Mebrahtu, additional, and Ibrahim, Oluwafemi Adekunmi, additional

Published
2021
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45. Antihypertensive Medication Adherence and Associated Factors: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Patients Attending a National Referral Hospital in Asmara, Eritrea.

Author

Mebrahtu, Goitom, Moleki, Mary M, Achila, Oliver Okoth, Seyoum, Yemane, Adnoy, Elias T, and Ovberedjo, Martin

Subjects
PATIENT compliance, ANTIHYPERTENSIVE agents, PUBLIC hospitals, FACTOR analysis, DIASTOLIC blood pressure
Abstract

Background: Recent research suggests that poor adherence to antihypertensive medication (AHM) is a major problem in the management of hypertension. This study was therefore designed to evaluate the frequency of AHM and associated risk factors in patients attending a national referral hospital in Asmara, Eritrea. Methods: A total of 335 respondents (females: 222 (66.3%) participated in this cross-sectional study. Adherence to Medication was evaluated using a modified version of the Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS). Additional data were abstracted from patients' medical records and a WHO STEPwise questionnaire. Results: The mean (±SD) age of the study participants was 59.65 (± 12.20) years (females: 56.82 (± 9.95) vs males: 57.17 (± 9.60) years, p-value=0.001). Similarly, the median (IQR) for diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were 85.00 mmHg (IQR: 80.00– 90.00 mmHg) and 145.00 mmHg (IQR: 130.00– 160.00 mmHg), respectively. Overall, 246 (73.4%) and 244 (72.8%) participants had poor knowledge and poor adherence to AHM, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, factors associated with increased odds of poor adherence to AHM included sex (females: adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 4.95; 95% CI: 1.52– 16.11, p value=0.008); employment status (Ref: employed/NGO) (self-employed: aOR: 1.95; 95% CI: 0.45– 8.48, p-value=0.373) (housewife: aOR: 0.13; 95% CI: 0.04– 0.413, p-value=0.001) (unemployed: aOR: 1.38; 95% CI:0.32– 5.98; p-value=0.670); lack of attendance of health talk at the clinic (aOR: 2.33; 95% CI: 1.17– 4.63; p-value=0.016); high cost of transportation (yes: aOR: 6.87; 95% CI: 3.25– 14.52; p-value< 0.001); knowledge (poor: aOR: 6.23; 95% CI: 2.36– 18.05, p-value< 0.001) and hypertension stage (Stage 3: aOR: 5.55; 95% CI, 1.44– 21.37, p-value=0.013). Low level of knowledge regarding hypertension-related complications or associated risk factors was also noted. Conclusion: The high level of poor adherence to anti-hypertension medications and low level of knowledge on hypertension should raise concern. Overall, decentralization of health care services and educational support are vital intervention pathways in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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46. In Vitro Inhibition of α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase by Extracts from Psiadia punctulata and Meriandra bengalensis

Author

Kidane, Yosief, Bokrezion, Temesgen, Mebrahtu, Jimmy, Mehari, Mikias, Gebreab, Yacob Berhane, Fessehaye, Nahom, and Achila, Oliver Okoth

Subjects
Article Subject, lcsh:Other systems of medicine, lcsh:RZ201-999, Research Article
Abstract

Background. This research assessed the in vitro antidiabetic activity and phytochemical constituents of the traditionally used medicinal plants, Psiadia punctulata and Meriandra bengalensis. Method. The leaves of both plants were subjected to cold extraction method using 70% ethanol and hot Soxhlet extraction using n-hexane, chloroform, methanol, and distilled water. The extracts were studied for their effect on glucose transport across yeast cells and inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme activities. Thin-layer chromatographic analysis of ethanol extract was also undertaken. Results. The results of yeast glucose uptake assay revealed that extracts from both plants had a maximum increase in glucose uptake at the 25mM glucose concentration with a maximum dose of 2000μg/ml plant extract. The ethanol extract of P. punctulata and aqueous extract of M. bengalensis showed a high activity of 68% and 96%, respectively, at 25mM and 2000μg/ml of glucose and extract concentration. P. punctulata exerted peak inhibition activity of α-amylase of 37.5 ± 3% mg/dl (IC50 = 0.523 mg/dl) for methanol and distilled water extract at 0.5 mg/dl, respectively. M. bengalensis methanol extract exhibited the highest inhibition activity of 38 ± 8 % mg/dl (IC50 = 0.543 mg/dl) at 0.5 mg/dl. In the α-glucosidase inhibition assay, the methanolic extract of P. punctulata exhibited the highest inhibitory activity of 17.29 ± 9% mg/dl (IC50 = 0.761 mg/dl) at 0.5mg/dl. The chloroform extract of M. bengalensis had the highest inhibitory activity of 30 ± 5% mg/dl (IC50=0.6mg/dl) at 0.5 mg/dL. Phytochemical analysis of the different extracts of P. punctulata and M. bengalensis revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, phytosterols, and carbohydrates. Thin-layer chromatography analysis of ethanolic extract of both plants indicated presence of 15 and 17 spots for P. punctulata and M. bengalensis respectively. Conclusion. P. punctulata and M. bengalensis extracts have moderate inhibitory activity against pancreatic α-amylase and relatively low inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase. The observed effects may be associated with the presence of flavonoids, saponins, and alkaloids. Additional in vivo analysis, toxicological studies, isolation, and structural characterization of the phytomolecules identified in this study and molecular docking studies should be undertaken.

Published
2018
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