Search

Cellaria major n. sp. (Fig. 6) Cellaria sp. 11: Achilleos et al. 2019: [4–8]. Material examined. Holotype: NIWA 128676, Stn U 595, 30.3583° S, 173.1450° E, 1474 m, Three Kings Ridge NNE of Tui Seamount, collected 7 February 1988. Paratype: NIWA 144879, same data as holotype. Etymology. Latin major, greater, alluding to the large zooid size. Diagnosis. Colony branching not seen. Autozooids in whorls of 4–6. Opesia as wide as long, D-shaped with smooth rim; proximal rim with small condyles. Small interzooidal avicularia somewhat immersed, with semicircular rostrum, arched frontalwards; wide transversely narrow opesial foramen. Ooecia unknown. Description. Colony erect; three small internode fragments, each not> 4 mm in length. Stem large, more or less cylindrical (W, 0.924 –1.827 mm), with 4–6 zooidal chambers in cross section. Autozooids more or less elongate-hexagonal, longer than wide (ZL, 929–1320 μm; ZW, 618–808 μm; ratio 1.4). Cryptocyst concave, finely granular, highest at the zooidal margins with no cryptocystal ridges. Opesia almost as wide as long (OpL, 176–311 μm; OpW, 215–373 μm, ratio 0.8), more or less transversely D-shaped, with smooth little-raised edge, the proximal rim straight with small, mounded condyles. Space between opesia and distal zooid margin. Avicularia small, interzooidal, distal to parent zooid, somewhat immersed; cystid about the same size as autozooidal opesia, hemispherical or rounded-oblong, densely granular. Rostrum directed distally, semicircular, arched frontalwards, edge weakly scalloped; rostral foramen transversely elliptical. Mandibular pivots horizontal, converging, sometimes touching; if touching, the avicularian opesia separate, smaller than rostral foramen, transversely narrow; cryptocyst dipping inwards (downwards), mostly concealed by shelf edge of cystid (AvCL, 231–310 μm; AvCW, 332–374 μm; ATL, 149–114 μm; ATW, 78–92 μm; RL, 81–92 μm; RW, 78–92 μm). Ooecia not seen. Most autozooids have a small foramen distal to opesia that may be the locus of a future ooecium. Ancestrula not seen. Remarks. The zooids of C. major n. sp. are conspicuously large and can be seen with the naked eye. The interzooidal avicularium with semicircular rostrum somewhat resembles that in several other species, especially Cellaria australis MacGillivray, 1880 from Australia. The autozooids in C. australis, however, are more elongate and almost parallel-sided with a bean-shaped opesia (Bock 2019) and the cryptocyst is coarsely granular with straight cryptocystal ridges. Also, the proximal rim of the opesia in C. major n. sp. is straight instead of convex like in C. australis. European Cellaria fistulosa (Linnaeus, 1758), near-identical Cellaria parafistulosa d’Hondt & Gordon, 1999 from New Caledonia and Cellaria novanglia Winston & Hayward, 2012 from New England have similar inwarddipping avicularia, but these species have thinner mandibular pivots and autozooidal characters are significantly different (inter alia, a more fusiform shape and knob-like condyles). Distribution. Three Kings Ridge, 1474 m depth., Published as part of Achilleos, Katerina, Gordon, Dennis P. & Smith, Abigail M., 2020, Cellaria (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) from the deep: new species from the southern Zealandian region, pp. 201-236 in Zootaxa 4801 (2) on pages 211-213, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4801.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3900352, {"references":["Achilleos, K., Smith, A. M., Gordon, D. P. (2019) The articulated bryozoan genus Cellaria in the southern Zealandian region: Distribution and associated fauna. Marine Biodiversity, 49, 2801 - 2812. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 019 - 01009 - y","MacGillivray, P. H. (1880) Polyzoa. In: McCoy, F., Prodromus of the Zoology of Victoria. Vol. 1. Government Printer, Melbourne, pp. 27 - 52, pls. 45 - 49.","Bock, P. (2019) World list of Recent and fossil Bryozoa. Available online at http: // www. bryozoa. net / indexes. html. Accessed 26 September 2019.","Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Vol. 1. 10 th Edition. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542","d'Hondt, J. - L. & Gordon, D. P. (1999) Entoproctes et Bryozoaires Cheilostomida (Pseudomalacostegomorpha et Cryptocystomorpha) des campagnes MUSORSTOM autour de la Nouvelle-Caledonie. ln: Crosnier, A. (ed.), Resultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM, Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 180, 169 - 251.","Winston, J. E. & Hayward, P. J. (2012) The marine bryozoans of the northeast coast of the United States: Maine to Virginia. Virginia Museum of Natural History Memoir, 11, i-xii + 1 - 180."]}

Cellaria calculosa n. sp. (Fig. 2) Cellaria sp. 6: Achilleos et al. 2019: [3–5, 7, 8]. Material examined. Holotype: NIWA 128673, cruise TAN0307, Stn 79, 49.8105º S, 175.3216º W, subantarctic slope, 887–908 m, collected 2 May 2003. Paratypes: NIWA 128672 cruise TAN0307, Stn 79, 49.8105º S, 175.3216º W, subantarctic slope, 887–908 m, collected 2 May 2003. Etymology. Latin, calx, pebbles, alluding to the pebbly surface of the zooids. Diagnosis. Colony branching dichotomously. Zooids in whorls of 3–4, their distal rims elevated. Opesia wider than long with beaded distal rim and convex proximal rim with upturned knob-like condyles. Interzooidal avicularia with triangular rostrum and narrow rounded tip; tiny transversely oval opesial foramen. Description. Colony erect, jointed, flexible, dichotomously branched; colony fragments not exceeding 15 mm in length. Stem sturdy, more or less cylindrical (W, 300–490 μm); slightly narrower close to node. Zooids somewhat elongate-hexagonal or rhomboidal in cystid outline, longer than wide (ZL, 328–492 μm; ZW, 236–336 μm; ratio 1.5), alternately, arranged in whorls of 3 zooids close to the nodes but increasing to 4 zooids per whorl in the middle part of the internode. Distal rims of zooids elevated, giving irregular profile to stems. Cryptocyst coarsely granular except in most depressed part proximal to opesia. Cryptocyst ridges continuous distally and more or less converging proximally. Opesia wider than long (OpL, 67–86 μm; OpW, 90–117 μm; ratio 0.7), set in the distal end occupying one-third of the total zooid length, beaded distally and smooth proximally; the proximal rim convex, flanked by upturned knob-like condyles. Avicularia common, interzooidal, smaller than the autozooid, situated distal or distolateral of parent zooid. Rostrum triangular with concave sides and narrowly rounded tip; directed distally or distolaterally. Mandibular pivots horizontal, stout, their inner ends bent distal, typically converging and forming an irregular ligula-like process. Rostral foramen more or less transversely oval; avicularian opesia tiny, oval or a small slit. Cryptocyst triangular extensive, granular. Mandibular areas granular; foramen with a smooth proximal margin (AvCL, 245–312 μm; AvCW, 192–193 μm; ATL, 153–188 μm; ATW, 111–123 μm; AopL, 47–57 μm; AopW, 50–53 μm; RL, 135–176 μm; RW, 111–123 μm). Ovicells not recorded. Ancestrula not clearly distinguished. Proximal-most zooids with opesia sometimes partially occluded; frontal surface with 7–8 conspicuous rootlet pores. Remarks. In the sum of its characters, Cellaria calculosa n. sp. resembles none of its congeners. The avicularium, in particular, while resembling in form the vicarious avicularia of a number of species, differs in being interzooidal. Only two other species have interzooidal avicularia of triangular form— Cellaria moniliorata Rogick, 1956 and Cellaria sagittula Hayward & Ryland, 1993 —but in both cases autozooids are whorled and the narrower avicularia have weakly developed or no mandibular pivots. Because the avicularia in C. calculosa n. sp. are not vicarious, it is germane to compare the species with taxa attributed to Paracellaria Moyano, 1969. Paracellaria elephantina Hayward & Thorpe, 1989 from the South Atlantic has similar autozooids but the avicularia are smaller and directed proximolaterally. Paracellaria elizabethae Branch & Hayward, 2005 from South Indian Ocean has similar avicularia, but the cryptocyst ridges are short and non-converging proximally (in contrast with C. calculosa n. sp., in which they converge). Distribution. Subantarctic slope east of Bollons Seamount, New Zealand, 887–908 m depth., Published as part of Achilleos, Katerina, Gordon, Dennis P. & Smith, Abigail M., 2020, Cellaria (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) from the deep: new species from the southern Zealandian region, pp. 201-236 in Zootaxa 4801 (2) on page 203, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4801.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3900352, {"references":["Achilleos, K., Smith, A. M., Gordon, D. P. (2019) The articulated bryozoan genus Cellaria in the southern Zealandian region: Distribution and associated fauna. Marine Biodiversity, 49, 2801 - 2812. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 019 - 01009 - y","Rogick, M. D. (1956) Bryozoa of the United States Navy's 1947 - 1948 Antarctic Expedition, I-IV. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 105, 221 - 317, 35 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.105 - 3358.221","Hayward, P. J. & Ryland, J. S. (1993) Taxonomy of six Antarctic anascan Bryozoa. Antarctic Science, 5, 129 - 136. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0954102093000185","Moyano, G. H. I. (1969) Bryozoa colectados por la Expedicion Antartica Chilena 1964 - 65. III. Family Cellariidae Hincks, 1880. Boletin de la Sociedad de Biologia de Concepcion, 41, 41 - 77.","Hayward, P. J. & Thorpe, J. P. (1989) Membraniporoidea, Microporoidea and Cellarioidea (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) collected by Discovery investigations. Journal of Natural History, 23, 913 - 959. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938900770481","Branch, M. L. & Hayward, P. J. (2005). New species of cheilostomatous Bryozoa from subantarctic Marion and Prince Edward Islands. Journal of Natural History, 39, 2671 - 2704. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930500124664"]}

Cellaria spatulifera n. sp. (Fig. 7) Cellaria sp. 10: Achilleos et al. 2019: [4–7]. Material examined. Holotype: NIWA 128669, cruise TAN0413, Stn 109, 37.5488º S, 176.9878º E, Bay of Plenty, 136–142 m, collected 13 November 2004. Paratype: NIWA 128752, cruise TAN1105, Stn 43, 33.9875 º S, 171.7508 º E, Middlesex Bank, 170 m, 170–174 m, collected 28 March 2011. Etymology. Latin spatula, small spoon or paddle, plus fero, bear, carry, alluding to the shape of the avicularian mandible. Diagnosis. Colony branching laterally. Autozooids back to back in pairs, widening to whorls of three. Opesia wider than long with beaded distal rim and smooth convex proximal rim with knob-like condyles. Fully vicarious avicularia with spatulate rostrum and longitudinally oval foramen. Female zooids dimorphic, broader than autozooids, with semicircular ooecial opening. Description. Colony erect, jointed, laterally branched; stem fragments not> 10 mm in length. Stem slender, cylindrical in widest parts, narrower proximally and between ovicellate sections (W, 91–422 μm). Zooids arranged back to back in alternating pairs proximally, later whorls comprising 3 zooids; up to 16 whorls along a stem. Zooids unequally hexagonal in outline, longer than wide (ZL, 350–471 μm; ZW, 220–310 μm; ratio 1.43). Cryptocyst mostly smooth with sparse granulation except for opesial and proximal areas bounded by cryptocyst ridges; these ridges continuous proximally, almost merging with zooid margin distally. Opesia wider than long (OpL, 40–74 μm; OpW, 67–101 μm; ratio 0.7), its thin margin slightly raised, distally beaded, the strongly convex proximal rim flanked by upturned knob-like condyles. Avicularia fully vicarious; cystid more or less elongate-hexagonal but the distal third narrowest. Rostrum half the length of cystid; directed distally and slightly curved, spatulate overall, with triangular proximal third that broadens to spoon-shaped part which occupies full width of cystid distally. Palate smooth except for elongate hourglassshaped area with granulation distally, tuberculation proximally. Rostral foramen longitudinally oval. Mandibular pivots horizontal, their inner ends converging proximolaterally, not fusing but leaving thin suture. Avicularian opesia with widely narrow crescentic slit with granular proximal margin; cryptocyst inversely triangular, with sparse granulation. Edge of cryptocyst defined by smooth continuous ridges (AvCL, 402–449 μm; AvCW, 200–227 μm; ATL, 245–253 μm; ATW, 104–119 μm; RL, 233–236 μm; RW, 104–119 μm). Female zooids dimorphic, being broader than autozooids with wider opesiae. Ovicells with granular frontal face sloping downwards proximally to level below opesial rim; ooecial opening almost semicircular, with corners extended transversely as short slits (OvApL, 11–30 μm; OvApW, 30–84 μm; ratio 0.3). Ancestrula not definitely seen. Proximal-most zooids with frontal rootlet pores. Remarks. The avicularium of Cellaria spatulifera n. sp. is strikingly unique among the species in this genus. Overall, C. spatulifera n. sp. most resembles C. stenorhyncha n. sp. In fact, in the absence of avicularia the two species are easily confused, autozooids being more or less identical. Distribution. Endemic; Bay of Plenty, New Zealand, 136–142 m depth., Published as part of Achilleos, Katerina, Gordon, Dennis P. & Smith, Abigail M., 2020, Cellaria (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) from the deep: new species from the southern Zealandian region, pp. 201-236 in Zootaxa 4801 (2) on page 213, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4801.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3900352, {"references":["Achilleos, K., Smith, A. M., Gordon, D. P. (2019) The articulated bryozoan genus Cellaria in the southern Zealandian region: Distribution and associated fauna. Marine Biodiversity, 49, 2801 - 2812. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 019 - 01009 - y"]}

Cellaria sp. 3 (Fig. 11) Cellaria sp. 3: Achilleos et al. 2019: [4–7]. Material examined. NIWA 132737, NIWA Stn U 582, 31.8617º S, 172.4333º E, Three Kings Ridge, 790 m, collected 5 February 1988. Description. Colony erect, comprising three stems not> 7 mm in length, very slender, 4-sided, tapering proximally (W, 147–399 μm). Zooids arranged back to back in alternating pairs, hence 4 longitudinal series. Autozooidal cystids highly elongate-hexagonal, sometimes with rounded distal margins and lateral walls of whorled zooid pairs abutting or not (ZL, 632–880 μm; ZW, 343–364 μm; ratio 2). Cryptocystal surface evenly granular except for area proximal to opesia where granules are sparse to absent; cryptocystal ridges unusually merging into lateral zooid margins distally, continuous and rounded proximally. Lowest part of frontal cryptocyst immediately proximal to opesia. Opesia wider than long (OpL, 109–117 μm; OpW, 142–158 μm; ratio 0.75), rim scarcely raised, smooth or weakly and irregularly beaded where granules occur, centre of proximal margin upturned as conspicuous proximal rectangular lip with opesiular indentations either side; no visible condyles. Avicularia and ovicells not seen. Presumed ancestrular zooid flanked by larger latero-abfrontal pair, all three tapering to narrow point with tiny rootlet pores. Up to 4 paired zooid whorls distal to ancestrula with paired foramina where opesiular indentations used to be; proximal to these foramina, whorls closest to ancestrula have partial overgrowth of calcification, creating large opening for rootlet. Closure of opesia initiated when median tongue of calcification grows from distal margin to the rectangular lip process. Remarks. Few species have such a prominent rectangular median process. Liu & Hu (1991) depict a fairly well-developed such process in Antarctic Cellaria complanata, but this species has flanking condyles and many more longitudinal zooidal series. What is striking about the rectangular lip process in Cellaria sp. 3 is how angular it is, even slightly alate, whereas the median convexity of many Cellaria species is typically a rounded convexity. One exception is Cellaria obliquidens d’Hondt & Gordon, 1999 from New Caledonia, but this species has many longitudinal zooidal series and condyle-like processes extend obliquely from the corners of the median process. Also, the distal rim opesial rim in C. obliquidens is straight with weak granulation. Cellaria oraneae Almeida, Souza & Vieira, 2018 from Brazil has such a prominent median process but only related to the ooecial opening, not the opesia. The slender proximal end of the stem and the rootlets originating distally of the ancestrula observed in this species, resembles Cellaria sp. collected by Hayward (1981, fig. 1B) off South Africa. However, there is not enough information about the species collected by Hayward (1981) to adequately compare the two specimens. Cellaria sp. 3 co-occurs at the same station locality as Cellaria sp. 1. Distribution. Three Kings Ridge, 790 m depth., Published as part of Achilleos, Katerina, Gordon, Dennis P. & Smith, Abigail M., 2020, Cellaria (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) from the deep: new species from the southern Zealandian region, pp. 201-236 in Zootaxa 4801 (2) on pages 219-220, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4801.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3900352, {"references":["Achilleos, K., Smith, A. M., Gordon, D. P. (2019) The articulated bryozoan genus Cellaria in the southern Zealandian region: Distribution and associated fauna. Marine Biodiversity, 49, 2801 - 2812. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 019 - 01009 - y","Liu, X & Hu, Y. (1991) On the cheilostome bryozoans from the northwest waters off the Antarctic Peninsula. Studia Marina Sinica, 32 (10), 7 - 160.","d'Hondt, J. - L. & Gordon, D. P. (1999) Entoproctes et Bryozoaires Cheilostomida (Pseudomalacostegomorpha et Cryptocystomorpha) des campagnes MUSORSTOM autour de la Nouvelle-Caledonie. ln: Crosnier, A. (ed.), Resultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM, Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 180, 169 - 251.","Almeida, A. C. S., Souza, F. B. C. & Vieira, L. M. (2018) A new species of Cellaria (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) from northeastern Brazil, with a tabular identification key to the Atlantic species. Zoologia, 35, 1 - 7. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zoologia. 35. e 24571","Hayward, P. J. (1981) The Cheilostomata (Bryozoa) of the deep sea. Galathea Reports, 15, 21 - 68."]}

The recently started research project CYCLAMEN (CYprus Cold-corals Levantine SeA, Eastern MEditerraneaN), will conduct the first detailed study of cold-water coral communities in eastern Cypriot waters. Cold-water coral habitats have been found during exploratory surveys. The 2-yr long project will include the environmental characterization of the area, as well as the study of the spatial distribution of cold-water coral communities. In addition to the study of the biology of the coral species, genetic and eco-physiological studies will be included. This project is the first of its kind in Cyprus and will additionally have an associated scientific outreach programme in order to bring these ecosystems, still poorly known, to the general public. The project is led by the Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO), and relies on the participation of research Institutions in Cyprus: The Cyprus Institute (CyI) and the NGO Enalia Physis Environmental Research Centre (EPERC); France: Aix-Marseille University – Mediterranean Institute for Biodiversity & Ecology (AMU-IMBE); Greece: The Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR); Mónaco: Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM); United Kingdom: National Oceanography Centre (NOC), and Spain: Universitat de Barcelona (UB). Here we present the conceptual frame of the project, the background knowledge and the first obtained results in the oceanographic cruise carried out in summer 2015.