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1. Association of bradykinin receptor 2 (BDKRB2) variants with physical performance and muscle mass: Findings from the LACE sarcopenia trial.

Author

Shrestha, Alvin, Bashir, Tufail, Achison, Marcus, Adamson, Simon, Akpan, Asangaedem, Aspray, Terry, Avenell, Alison, Band, Margaret M., Burton, Louise A., Cvoro, Vera, Donnan, Peter T., Duncan, Gordon W., George, Jacob, Gordon, Adam L., Gregson, Celia L., Hapca, Adrian, Hume, Cheryl, Jackson, Thomas A., Kerr, Simon, and Kilgour, Alixe

Abstract

Introduction: Understanding genetic contributors to sarcopenia (age-related loss of muscle strength and mass) is key to finding effective therapies. Variants of the bradykinin receptor 2 (BDKRB2) have been linked to athletic and muscle performance. The rs1799722–9 and rs5810761 T alleles have been shown to be overrepresented in endurance athletes, possibly due to increased transcriptional rates of the receptor. These variants have been rarely studied in older people or people with sarcopenia. Methods: We performed a post hoc sub-study of the Leucine and ACE (LACE) inhibitor trial, which enrolled 145 participants aged ≥70 years with low grip strength and low gait speed. Participants' blood samples were genotyped for rs179972 using TaqMan and rs5810761 by amplification through Hotstar Taq. Genotypes were compared with outcomes of physical performance and body composition measures. Results: Data from 136 individuals were included in the analysis. For rs1799722 the genotype frequency (TT: 17, CC: 48, CT: 71) remained in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE p = 0.248). There was no difference between the genotypes for six-Minute Walk Distance (6MWD) or Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Men with the TT genotype had a significantly greater 6MWD than other genotypes (TT 400m vs CT 310m vs CC 314m, p = 0.027), and greater leg muscle mass (TT 17.59kg vs CT 15.04kg vs CC 15.65kg, p = 0.007). For rs5810761, the genotype frequency (-9-9: 31, +9+9: 43, -9+9: 60) remained in HWE (p = 0.269). The +9+9 genotype was associated with a significant change in SPPB score at 12 months (-9-9 0 vs -9+9 0 vs +9+9–1, p<0.001), suggesting an improvement. In men, the -9-9 genotype was associated with lower arm fat (-9-9 2.39kg vs -9+9 2.72kg vs +9+9 2.76kg, p = 0.019). Conclusion: In men, the rs1799722 TT genotype was associated with longer 6MWD and greater leg muscle mass, while the rs5810761 -9-9 genotype was associated with lower arm fat mass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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2. Activin type I receptor polymorphisms and body composition in older individuals with sarcopenia—Analyses from the LACE randomised controlled trial

Author

Bashir, Tufail, primary, Achison, Marcus, additional, Adamson, Simon, additional, Akpan, Asangaedem, additional, Aspray, Terry, additional, Avenell, Alison, additional, Band, Margaret M., additional, Burton, Louise A., additional, Cvoro, Vera, additional, Donnan, Peter T., additional, Duncan, Gordon W., additional, George, Jacob, additional, Gordon, Adam L., additional, Gregson, Celia L., additional, Hapca, Adrian, additional, Hume, Cheryl, additional, Jackson, Thomas A., additional, Kerr, Simon, additional, Kilgour, Alixe, additional, Masud, Tahir, additional, McKenzie, Andrew, additional, McKenzie, Emma, additional, Patel, Harnish, additional, Pilvinyte, Kristina, additional, Roberts, Helen C., additional, Rossios, Christos, additional, Sayer, Avan A., additional, Smith, Karen T., additional, Soiza, Roy L., additional, Steves, Claire J., additional, Struthers, Allan D., additional, Tiwari, Divya, additional, Whitney, Julie, additional, Witham, Miles D., additional, and Kemp, Paul R., additional

Published
2023
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3. ACE I/D genotype associates with strength in sarcopenic men but not with response to ACE inhibitor therapy in older adults with sarcopenia: Results from the LACE trial

Author

Rossios, Christos, primary, Bashir, Tufail, additional, Achison, Marcus, additional, Adamson, Simon, additional, Akpan, Asangaedem, additional, Aspray, Terry, additional, Avenell, Alison, additional, Band, Margaret M., additional, Burton, Louise A., additional, Cvoro, Vera, additional, Donnan, Peter T., additional, Duncan, Gordon W., additional, George, Jacob, additional, Gordon, Adam L., additional, Gregson, Celia L., additional, Hapca, Adrian, additional, Hume, Cheryl, additional, Jackson, Thomas A., additional, Kerr, Simon, additional, Kilgour, Alixe, additional, Masud, Tahir, additional, McKenzie, Andrew, additional, McKenzie, Emma, additional, Patel, Harnish, additional, Pilvinyte, Kristina, additional, Roberts, Helen C., additional, Sayer, Avan A., additional, Smith, Karen T., additional, Soiza, Roy L., additional, Steves, Claire J., additional, Struthers, Allan D., additional, Tiwari, Divya, additional, Whitney, Julie, additional, Witham, Miles D., additional, and Kemp, Paul R., additional

Published
2023
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6. Effect of perindopril or leucine on physical performance in older people with sarcopenia: the LACE randomized controlled trial

Author

Achison, Marcus, Adamson, Simon, Akpan, Asangaedem, Aspray, Terry, Avenell, Alison, Band, Margaret M, Bashir, Tufail, Burton, Louis A, Cvoro, Vera, Donnan, Peter T, Duncan, Gordon W, George, Jacob, Gordon, Adam L., Gregson, Celia L, Hapca, Adrian, Henderson, Emily, Hume, Cheryl, Jackson, Thomas A, Kemp, Paul, Kerr, Simon, Kilgour, Alixe, Lyell, Veronica, Masud, Thair, McKenzie, Andrew, McKenzie, Emma, Patel, Harnish, Pilvynte, Kristina, Roberts, Helen C, Rossios, Christos, Sayer, Avan A, Smith, Karen T, Soiza, Roy L, Steves, Claire J, Struthers, Allan D, Sumukadas, Deepa, Tiwari, Divya, Whitney, Julie, Witham, Miles D, and The LACE study group

Subjects
Physiology (medical), Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Abstract

BACKGROUND: This trial aimed to determine the efficacy of leucine and/or perindopril in improving physical function in older people with sarcopenia. METHODS: Placebo-controlled, parallel group, double-blind, randomized two-by-two factorial trial. We recruited adults aged?70years with sarcopenia, defined as low gait speed (

Published
2022

7. Recruitment strategies for sarcopenia trials: lessons from the LACE randomized controlled trial

Author

Witham, Miles D., primary, Achison, Marcus, additional, Aspray, Terry J., additional, Avenell, Alison, additional, Band, Margaret M., additional, Donnan, Peter T., additional, George, Jacob, additional, Hapca, Adrian, additional, Hume, Cheryl, additional, Kemp, Paul, additional, Pilvinyte, Kristina, additional, Sayer, Avan A., additional, Smith, Karen T., additional, Struthers, Allan D., additional, and Sumukadas, Deepa, additional

Published
2021
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9. Texting to Reduce Alcohol Misuse (TRAM): main findings from a randomised controlled trial of a text message intervention to reduce binge drinking among disadvantaged men

Author

Crombie, Iain K., Irvine, Linda, Williams, Brian, Sniehotta, Falko F., Petrie, Dennis, Jones, Claire, Norrie, John, Evan, Josie M.M., Emslie, Carol, Rice, Peter M., Slane, Peter W., Humphris, Gerry, Ricketts, Ian W., Melson, Ambrose J., Donnan, Peter T., Hapca, Simona M., McKenzie, Andrew, Achison, Marcus, University of St Andrews. Population and Behavioural Science Division, University of St Andrews. WHO Collaborating Centre for International Child & Adolescent Health Policy, University of St Andrews. Health Psychology, University of St Andrews. St Andrews Sustainability Institute, and University of St Andrews. School of Medicine

Subjects
Binge drinking, community based, deprivation, men, narative, text message intervention, 616.8 Nervous & mental disorders, Deprivation, Public health, HT Communities. Classes. Races, NDAS, Binge drinking, Men, T Technology, HT, Community based, Narrative, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, RA0421, Health, RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine, HV Social pathology. Social and public welfare, Text message intervention, Population and Public Health Research Group
Abstract

This study was funded by the NIHR Public Health Research programme (11/3050/30). Aims To test the effectiveness of a theoretically based text‐message intervention to reduce binge drinking among socially disadvantaged men. Design A multi‐centre parallel group, pragmatic, individually randomized controlled trial. Setting Community‐based study conducted in four regions of Scotland. Participants A total of 825 men aged 25–44 years recruited from socially disadvantaged areas who had two or more episodes of binge drinking (> 8 UK units on a single occasion) in the preceding 28 days: 411 men were randomized to the intervention and 414 to the control. Intervention and comparator A series of 112 interactive text messages was delivered by mobile phone during a 12‐week period. The intervention was structured around the Health Action Process Approach, a comprehensive model which allows integration of a range of evidence‐based behaviour change techniques. The control group received 89 texts on general health, with no mention of alcohol or use of behaviour change techniques. Measurements The primary outcome measure was the proportion of men consuming > 8 units on three or more occasions (in the previous 28 days) at 12 months post‐intervention. Findings The proportion of men consuming > 8 units on three or more occasions (in the previous 28 days) was 41.5% in the intervention group and 47.8% in the control group. Formal analysis showed that there was no evidence that the intervention was effective [odds ratio (OR) = 0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.57–1.08; absolute reduction 5.7%, 95% CI = −13.3 to 1.9]. The Bayes factor for this outcome was 1.3, confirming that the results were inconclusive. The retention was high and similar in intervention (84.9%) and control (86.5%) groups. Most men in the intervention group engaged with the text messages: almost all (92%) replied to text messages and 67% replied more than 10 times. Conclusions A theoretically based text‐messaging intervention aimed at reducing binge drinking in disadvantaged men was not found to reduce prevalence of binge drinking at 12‐month follow‐up. Publisher PDF

Published
2018

11. Modifying Alcohol Consumption to Reduce Obesity (MACRO): development and feasibility trial of a complex community-based intervention for men

Author

Crombie, Iain K, Cunningham, Kathryn B, Irvine, Linda, Williams, Brian, Sniehotta, Falko F, Norrie, John, Melson, Ambrose, Jones, Claire, Briggs, Andrew, Rice, Peter M, Achison, Marcus, Dimova, Elena, and Slane, Peter W

Abstract

Background Obese men who consume alcohol are at a greatly increased risk of liver disease; those who drink > 14 units of alcohol per week have a 19-fold increased risk of dying from liver disease. Objectives To develop an intervention to reduce alcohol consumption in obese men and to assess the feasibility of a randomised controlled trial (RCT) to investigate its effectiveness. Design of the intervention The intervention was developed using formative research, public involvement and behaviour change theory. It was organised in two phases, comprising a face-to-face session with trained laypeople (study co-ordinators) followed by a series of text messages. Participants explored how alcohol consumption contributed to weight gain, both through direct calorie consumption and through its effect on increasing food consumption, particularly of high-calorie foodstuffs. Men were encouraged to set goals to reduce their alcohol consumption and to make specific plans to do so. The comparator group received an active control in the form of a conventional alcohol brief intervention. Randomisation was carried out using the secure remote web-based system provided by the Tayside Clinical Trials Unit. Randomisation was stratified by the recruitment method and restricted using block sizes of randomly varying lengths. Members of the public were involved in the development of all study methods. Setting Men were recruited from the community, from primary care registers and by time–space sampling (TSS). The intervention was delivered in community settings such as the participant’s home, community centres and libraries. Participants Men aged 35–64 years who had a body mass index (BMI) of > 30 kg/m2 and who drank > 21 units of alcohol per week. Results The screening methods successfully identified participants meeting the entry criteria. Trial recruitment was successful, with 69 men (36 from 419 approached in primary care, and 33 from 470 approached via TSS) recruited and randomised in 3 months. Of the 69 men randomised, 35 were allocated to the intervention group and 34 to the control group. The analysis was conducted on 31 participants from the intervention group and 30 from the control group. The participants covered a wide range of ages and socioeconomic statuses. The average alcohol consumption of the men recruited was 47.2 units per week, more than twice that of the entry criterion (> 21 units per week). Most (78%) engaged in binge drinking (> 8 units in a session) at least weekly. Almost all (95%) exceeded the threshold for a 19-fold increase in the risk of dying from liver disease (BMI of > 30 kg/m2 and > 14 units of alcohol per week). Despite this, they believed that they were at low risk of harm from alcohol, possibly because they seldom suffered acute harms (e.g. hangovers) and made few visits to a general practitioner or hospital. Intervention The intervention was delivered with high fidelity. A high follow-up rate was achieved (98%) and the outcomes for the full RCT were measured. A process evaluation showed that participants engaged with the main components of the intervention. The acceptability of the study methods was high. Conclusions This feasibility study developed a novel intervention and evaluated all of the stages of a RCT that would test the effectiveness of the intervention. The main stages of a trial were completed successfully: recruitment, randomisation, intervention delivery, follow-up and measurement of study outcomes. Most of the men recruited drank very heavily and were also obese. This places them at a very high risk of liver disease, making them a priority for intervention. Future work A RCT to test the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the intervention. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN55309164.

Published
2017

12. Text message intervention to reduce frequency of binge drinking among disadvantaged men: the TRAM RCT

Author

Crombie, Iain K, primary, Irvine, Linda, additional, Williams, Brian, additional, Sniehotta, Falko F, additional, Petrie, Dennis J, additional, Jones, Claire, additional, Norrie, John, additional, Evans, Josie MM, additional, Emslie, Carol, additional, Rice, Peter M, additional, Slane, Peter W, additional, Humphris, Gerry, additional, Ricketts, Ian W, additional, Melson, Ambrose J, additional, Donnan, Peter T, additional, McKenzie, Andrew, additional, Huang, Li, additional, and Achison, Marcus, additional

Published
2018
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13. Proceedings of the 13th annual conference of INEBRIA

Author

Watson, Rod, Morris, James, Isitt, John, Barrio, Pablo, Ortega, Lluisa, Gual, Antoni, Conner, Kenneth, Stecker, Tracy, Maisto, Stephen, Paroz, Sophie, Graap, Caroline, Grazioli, Véronique, Daeppen, Jean-Bernard, Collins, Susan, Bertholet, Nicolas, McNeely, Jennifer, Kushnir, Vlad, Cunningham, John, Crombie, Iain, Cunningham, Kathryn, Irvine, Linda, Williams, Brian, Sniehotta, Falko, Norrie, John, Melson, Ambrose, Jones, Claire, Briggs, Andrew, Rice, Peter, Achison, Marcus, McKenzie, Andrew, Dimova, Elena, Slane, Peter, Grazioli, Véronique, Collins, Susan, Paroz, Sophie, Graap, Caroline, Daeppen, Jean-Bernard, Baggio, Stéphanie, Dupuis, Marc, Studer, Joseph, Gmel, Gerhard, Magill, Molly, Grazioli, Véronique, Tait, Robert, Teoh, Lucinda, Kelty, Erin, Geelhoed, Elizabeth, Mountain, David, Hulse, Gary, Renko, Elina, Mitchell, Shannon, Lounsbury, David, Li, Zhi, Schwartz, Robert, Gryczynski, Jan, Kirk, Arethusa, Oros, Marla, Hosler, Colleen, Dusek, Kristi, Brown, Barry, Finnell, Deborah, Holloway, Aisha, Wu, Li-Tzy, Subramaniam, Geetha, Sharma, Gaurav, Wallhed Finn, Sara, Andreasson, Sven, Dvorak, Robert, Kramer, Matthew, Stevenson, Brittany, Sargent, Emily, Kilwein, Tess, Harris, Sion, Sherritt, Lon, Copelas, Sarah, Knight, John, Mdege, Noreen, McCambridge, Jim, Bischof, Gallus, Bischof, Anja, Freyer-Adam, Jennis, Rumpf, Hans-Juergen, Fitzgerald, Niamh, Schölin, Lisa, Toner, Paul, Böhnke, Jan, Veach, Laura, Currin, Olivia, Dongre, Leigh, Miller, Preston, White, Elizabeth, Williams, Emily, Lapham, Gwen, Bobb, Jennifer, Rubinsky, Anna, Catz, Sheryl, Shortreed, Susan, Bensley, Kara, Bradley, Katharine, Milward, Joanna, Deluca, Paolo, Khadjesari, Zarnie, Watson, Rod, Fincham-Campbell, Stephanie, Drummond, Colin, Angus, Kathryn, Bauld, Linda, Baumann, Sophie, Haberecht, Katja, Schnuerer, Inga, Meyer, Christian, Rumpf, Hans-Jürgen, John, Ulrich, Gaertner, Beate, Barrault-Couchouron, Marion, Béracochéa, Marion, Allafort, Vincent, Barthélémy, Valérie, Bonnefoi, Hervé, Bussières, Emmanuel, Garguil, Véronique, Auriacombe, Marc, Saint-Jacques, Marianne, Dorval, Michel, M’Bailara, Katia, Segura-Garcia, Lidia, Ibañez-Martinez, Nuria, Mendive-Arbeloa, Juan, Anoro-Perminger, Manel, Diaz-Gallego, Pako, Piñar-Mateos, Mª, Colom-Farran, Joan, Deligianni, Marianthi, Yersin, Bertrand, Adam, Angeline, Weisner, Constance, Chi, Felicia, Lu, Wendy, Sterling, Stacy, Kraemer, Kevin, McGinnis, Kathleen, Fiellin, David, Skanderson, Melissa, Gordon, Adam, Robbins, Jonathan, Zickmund, Susan, Korthuis, P., Edelman, E., Hansen, Nathan, Cutter, Christopher, Dziura, James, Fiellin, Lynn, O’Connor, Patrick, Maisto, Stephen, Bedimo, Roger, Gilbert, Cynthia, Marconi, Vincent, Rimland, David, Rodriguez-Barradas, Maria, Simberkoff, Michael, Justice, Amy, Bryant, Kendall, Berman, Anne, Shorter, Gillian, Bray, Jeremy, Barbosa, Carolina, Johansson, Magnus, Hester, Reid, Campbell, William, Souza Formigoni, Maria, Andrade, André, Sartes, Laisa, Sundström, Christopher, Eék, Niels, Kraepelien, Martin, Kaldo, Viktor, Fahlke, Claudia, Hernandez, Lynn, Becker, Sara, Jones, Richard, Graves, Hannah, Spirito, Anthony, Diestelkamp, Silke, Wartberg, Lutz, Arnaud, Nicolas, Thomasius, Rainer, Gaume, Jacques, Grazioli, Véronique, Fortini, Cristiana, Malan, Zelra, Mash, Bob, Everett-Murphy, Katherine, Grazioli, Véronique, Studer, Joseph, Mohler-Kuo, M., Bertholet, Nicolas, Gmel, Gerhard, Doi, Lawrence, Cheyne, Helen, Jepson, Ruth, Luna, Vanesa, Echeverria, Leticia, Morales, Silvia, Barroso, Teresa, Abreu, Ângela, Aguiar, Cosma, Stewart, Duncan, Abreu, Angela, Brites, Riany, Jomar, Rafael, Marinho, Gerson, Parreira, Pedro, Seale, J., Johnson, J., Henry, Dena, Chalmers, Sharon, Payne, Freida, Tuck, Linda, Morris, Akula, Gonçalves, Cátia, Besser, Bettina, Casajuana, Cristina, López-Pelayo, Hugo, Balcells, María, Teixidó, Lídia, Miquel, Laia, Colom, Joan, Hepner, Kimberly, Hoggatt, Katherine., Bogart, Andy, Paddock, Susan., Hardoon, Sarah, Petersen, Irene, Hamilton, Fiona, Nazareth, Irwin, White, Ian, Marston, Louise, Wallace, Paul, Godfrey, Christine, Murray, Elizabeth, Sovinová, Hana, and Csémy, Ladislav

Published
2016
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15. Integrin-independent Tyrosine Phosphorylation of p125fakin Human Platelets Stimulated by Collagen*

Author

Achison, Marcus, Elton, Catherine M., Hargreaves, Philip G., Knight, C. Graham, Barnes, Michael J., and Farndale, Richard W.

Abstract

Collagen fibers or a glycoprotein VI-specific collagen-related peptide (CRP-XL) stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of the focal adhesion kinase, p125fak(FAK), in human platelets. An integrin α2β1-specific triple-helical peptide ligand, containing the sequence GFOGER (single-letter nomenclature, O = Hyp) was without effect. Antibodies to the α2and β1integrin subunits did not inhibit platelet FAK tyrosine phosphorylation caused by either collagen fibers or CRP-XL. Tyrosine phosphorylation of FAK caused by CRP-XL or thrombin, but not that caused by collagen fibers, was partially inhibited by GR144053F, an antagonist of integrin αIIbβ3. The intracellular Ca2+chelator, BAPTA, and the protein kinase C inhibitor, Ro31-8220, were each highly effective inhibitors of the FAK tyrosine phosphorylation caused by collagen or CRP-XL. These data suggest that, in human platelets, 1) occupation or clustering of the integrin α2β1is neither sufficient nor necessary for activation of FAK, 2) the fibrinogen receptor αIIbβ3is not required for activation of FAK by collagen fibers, and 3) both intracellular Ca2+and protein kinase C activity are essential intermediaries of FAK activation.

Published
2001
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16. Modifying Alcohol Consumption to Reduce Obesity (MACRO): development and feasibility trial of a complex community-based intervention for men.

Author

Crombie IK, Cunningham KB, Irvine L, Williams B, Sniehotta FF, Norrie J, Melson A, Jones C, Briggs A, Rice PM, Achison M, McKenzie A, Dimova E, and Slane PW

Subjects
Adult, Alcohol Drinking prevention & control, Counseling methods, Feasibility Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Text Messaging statistics & numerical data, Alcohol Drinking therapy, Behavior Therapy methods, Obesity therapy
Abstract

Background: Obese men who consume alcohol are at a greatly increased risk of liver disease; those who drink > 14 units of alcohol per week have a 19-fold increased risk of dying from liver disease., Objectives: To develop an intervention to reduce alcohol consumption in obese men and to assess the feasibility of a randomised controlled trial (RCT) to investigate its effectiveness., Design of the Intervention: The intervention was developed using formative research, public involvement and behaviour change theory. It was organised in two phases, comprising a face-to-face session with trained laypeople (study co-ordinators) followed by a series of text messages. Participants explored how alcohol consumption contributed to weight gain, both through direct calorie consumption and through its effect on increasing food consumption, particularly of high-calorie foodstuffs. Men were encouraged to set goals to reduce their alcohol consumption and to make specific plans to do so. The comparator group received an active control in the form of a conventional alcohol brief intervention. Randomisation was carried out using the secure remote web-based system provided by the Tayside Clinical Trials Unit. Randomisation was stratified by the recruitment method and restricted using block sizes of randomly varying lengths. Members of the public were involved in the development of all study methods., Setting: Men were recruited from the community, from primary care registers and by time-space sampling (TSS). The intervention was delivered in community settings such as the participant's home, community centres and libraries., Participants: Men aged 35-64 years who had a body mass index (BMI) of > 30 kg/m 2 and who drank > 21 units of alcohol per week., Results: The screening methods successfully identified participants meeting the entry criteria. Trial recruitment was successful, with 69 men (36 from 419 approached in primary care, and 33 from 470 approached via TSS) recruited and randomised in 3 months. Of the 69 men randomised, 35 were allocated to the intervention group and 34 to the control group. The analysis was conducted on 31 participants from the intervention group and 30 from the control group. The participants covered a wide range of ages and socioeconomic statuses. The average alcohol consumption of the men recruited was 47.2 units per week, more than twice that of the entry criterion (> 21 units per week). Most (78%) engaged in binge drinking (> 8 units in a session) at least weekly. Almost all (95%) exceeded the threshold for a 19-fold increase in the risk of dying from liver disease (BMI of > 30 kg/m 2 and > 14 units of alcohol per week). Despite this, they believed that they were at low risk of harm from alcohol, possibly because they seldom suffered acute harms (e.g. hangovers) and made few visits to a general practitioner or hospital., Intervention: The intervention was delivered with high fidelity. A high follow-up rate was achieved (98%) and the outcomes for the full RCT were measured. A process evaluation showed that participants engaged with the main components of the intervention. The acceptability of the study methods was high., Conclusions: This feasibility study developed a novel intervention and evaluated all of the stages of a RCT that would test the effectiveness of the intervention. The main stages of a trial were completed successfully: recruitment, randomisation, intervention delivery, follow-up and measurement of study outcomes. Most of the men recruited drank very heavily and were also obese. This places them at a very high risk of liver disease, making them a priority for intervention., Future Work: A RCT to test the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the intervention., Trial Registration: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN55309164., Funding: This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment ; Vol. 21, No. 19. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.

Published
2017
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