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2. The objective pluralism of Isaiah Berlin : a historical approach to ethical and political philosophy

Author

Ackroyd, John

Subjects
Objective pluralism, Isaiah Berlin, Ethical philosophy, Political philosophy
Abstract

Isaiah Berlin's doctrine of objective pluralism has been criticised as amounting in fact to ethical and political relativism. Berlin has relied on two arguments in attempting to refute this charge, those from common intelligibility and from shared values. I propose that the former argument alone is sufficient to refute relativism, whilst the latter argument leads not to pluralism but to a broad or narrow monism, depending on the number of shared values, since it fatally undermines the strong sense of incommensurability which is the defining characteristic of pluralism as a distinct and radical doctrine. Alongside his view that values are commonly intelligible, Berlin retains a minimal ethical universalism, framed in terms of his concept of 'negative liberty', or freedom from unwarranted interference. Some have argued that this inviolable 'core' of human freedom constitutes a form of liberal universalism. Whilst I concede that Berlin's objective pluralism does exhibit a decidedly Western character, I argue that his 'core' is in fact a rational and pragmatic assertion of the minimal conditions for any meaningful and sustainable human life, whatever its diverse forms, rather than an endorsement of any universalist claims of liberalism, even minimal ones. I further argue that the common intelligibility of values on which Berlin's refutation of relativism can be thought convincingly to rest is possible only because there is an essence and continuity in human ideas of a kind which is denied by Quentin Skinner and the Cambridge School, and which enable the historical understanding we clearly can achieve.

Published
2021

3. Foxes who want to be hedgehogs: Is ethical pluralism possible in psychology's replication crisis?

Author

Sullivan, Paul and Ackroyd, John

Subjects
*PLURALISM, *FOXES, *PSYCHOLOGICAL research, *JUSTICE, *HEDGEHOGS
Abstract

In this article, we draw attention to public‐private dilemmas among psychologists that make sense of the debates around the replication crisis, citation practices and networking practices. We argue that the values of justice and caring map onto the public sphere and private sphere respectively and create the horns of a dilemma for academics. While bureaucratic justice is a publicly revered value of modernity in psychological research that underpins ethics, validity, reliability and equality of opportunity, 'caring' is a more subtle value of traditionalism that runs in parallel and is detected only by our psychological practices. In particular, we argue that it is detected by practices such as disputes between the replicated and their replicators in replication studies (understood as a dramatic counter reality) as to who is more 'careless' with procedure; citation (including the self‐care of self‐citation) as thanksgiving and incantation of powerful others in enchantment rituals, and the system of professional indebtedness that accrues in 'kinship' networks – where kinship is understood broadly as adoption into a research group and its network. The clashes between these values can lead to a sense of hypocrisy and irony in academic life, as incommensurate values split between private and public expression. From this position, we delve into Isaiah Berlin's work on incommensurate values to suggest that ethical pluralism, involving more public recognition of the equal but different ethical demands of these values can help overcome these everyday dilemmas in the public sphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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8. Experiments With Computers

Author

Gray, J. G., Carson, Peter, Aber, G. M., Heron, J. R., Stuart, D. W., Pearson, N. G., Sparrow, J., Sidebotham, J. F., Ward, G., Bradshaw-Smith, J. H., Pegg, J. G., and Ackroyd, John T.

Published
1977

14. CORRESPONDENCE.

Author

Zander, Luke, Reader, K.S., Bardon, D., Jones, Sheila, Ackroyd, John, Wilkie, Martin, Hughes, Mike, Coe, A.J., Rickwood, A.M.K., MacKinlay, G.A., O'Farrell, Nigel, Perry, Ivan, Beevers, M., Beevers, G., Leusley, David, Hunt, Kate, Vessey, Martin, and Bateman, D.E.R.

Subjects
MEDICINE, MIDWIVES, VITILIGO, CATHETERIZATION complications
Abstract

Comments on several issues related to medicine in Great Britain. Importance of enhancing the professional status of midwives; Association of photosensitivity to vitiligo; Complications of central venous cannulation.

Published
1988

18. CORRESPONDENCE.

Author

Corner, Beryl D., Alder, George, Burman, David, Gillespie, William A., McQueen, E.G., Ferry, D.G., Gray, J.G., Carson, Peter, Aber, G.M., Heron, J.R., Stuart, D.W., Pearson, N.G., Sparrow, J., Sidebotham, J.F., Ward, G., Bradshaw-Smith, J.H., Pegg, J.G., and Ackroyd, John T.

Subjects
MEDICINE, STAPHYLOCOCCAL diseases, COMPUTER systems
Abstract

Presents several correspondents on medicine. Reduction in the incidence of clinical staphylococcal infection in the newborn; Comment on the 'critical' blood concentrations of hexachlorophene; Benefits of the computer system at Stoke-on-Trent to medical experiments.

Published
1977

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