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Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista CienciaUAT is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Tamaulipas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Caldasia is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arquivos de Ciências da Saúde da UNIPAR is the property of Associacao Paranaense de Ensino e Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Tropaeolum tuberosum (mashua), is a member of the Tropaeolaceae family, is considered an ecological, millenary crop native in Peru, which began to be consumed in The Andes for having nutritional and medicinal properties. The objective of the present literature review is to highlight the importance of mashua as a source of diverse bioactives and to summarize its pharmacological activities. The method of the present study is a literature review, where original scientific articles on pharmacological activity and bioactive compounds of mashua were searched in the following electronic databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar, published during the period 2019 to 2023. Result: After the bibliographic search, a total of 22 articles were obtained. It is concluded that despite the fact that mashua is attributed several medicinal uses, there are no studies to date that support the efficacy and safety of its use in a pathology. The information presented in this document will be useful to increase the interest and use in the future of the biological compounds of mashua, as well as to give it a new pharmacological or clinical use, thus, becoming useful for the creation of a new drug formulation in the future, or through the application of the bioactive compounds of mashua in combination with existing drugs to optimize the treatment of pathologies such as cancer, anemia, lithiasis, among others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La utilización de aceites esenciales, extractos y polvos para combatir insectos que pueden afectar indirectamente al ser humano resulta una alternativa eficaz, económica y de menor impacto ambiental que la utilización de compuestos químicos sintéticos. El estudio de estos productos se ha transformado en una de las áreas de investigación y desarrollo más importantes para muchos países, estos son extraídos de las plantas demostrando actividad insecticida y efectos protectores tan variados que van desde repelencia, inhibición de la alimentación, ovoposición, toxicidad aguda hasta la interferencia con el crecimiento y desarrollo. Debido a la diversidad de sus aplicaciones se ha hecho imprescindible su búsqueda en plantas como las de la familia Myrtaceae, reconocidas a nivel mundial por sus propiedades y utilización.

Copyright of FACSalud is the property of Revista FACSalud and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The mesophytic mountain forest is one of the most biodiverse ecosystems in Mexico, in which there is a diverse mycobiota of which many aspects of its biology and properties are unknown. Pseudomarasmius nidus-avis is a recently discovered and described fungus that forms rhizomorphs used in the nesting habits of birds of the family Tyrannidae (Mionectes oleagineus and Tolmomyias sulfurescens). In this work, the bioactive properties of P. nidus-avis, seven basidiomycetes and two wild ascomycetes from the mesophytic mountain forest of central Veracruz state, Mexico, were evaluated in terms of their effect against phytopathogenic fungal (PF) species such as Fusarium oxysporum (ATCC-417 and CBF-185), Sclerotium cepivorum (CBF414) and Leptosphaerulina australis (CBF-433), which generate important economic losses in several crops. In vitro confrontation tests of mycelium isolated from the macrofungi against the PFs were developed, where 50 % of the wild fungi, including P. nidus-avis, showed effect on the phytopathogens. Furthermore, the crude extract obtained from the mycelium and supernatant of P. nidus-avis was evaluated against PF, showing an inhibition of 16.08 % against F. oxysporum (ATCC-417). These results show that P. nidus-avis has bioactive properties with potential for use in the control of some PF diseases of agricultural and forestry importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary objective of the present study is to evaluate the effect of membrane separation on the biological activity of enzymatic hydrolysates and protein fractions from the red Californian earthworm (Eisenia foetida). Enzymatic hydrolysis is performed using a 0.5 L glass reactor. Fractioning is attained by using a tangential ultrafiltration system with 1kDa and 3kDa membranes. Antioxidant and iron chelating capacity are assessed for the hydrolysate and its fractions. The results show that the major component of the paste is protein, mainly albumins (65%). The highest reduction of permeate flux occurs in the 1kDa membrane (19 L/m2h). In conclusion, the <3kDa fraction has the highest antioxidant and iron chelating capacity, while filtration in <1kDa membranes yields the highest permeate flux reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El objetivo de la presente investigación, fue comparar el desempeño de las redes neurales artificiales con la regresión lineal múltiple en la predicción de la actividad biológica de los análogos de la cocaína a partir de descriptores moleculares. Para esto, se seleccionó un conjunto de 14 descriptores moleculares agrupados en descriptores químicos cuánticos y descriptores de la estructura tridimensional de la molécula y se calcularon sus valores de forma teórica, para 65 estructuras análogas de la cocaína, realizándose luego la construcción del modelo de redes neurales artificiales y regresión lineal múltiple, para la predicción de la actividad biológica expresada como afinidad (IC50). Se encontró que las redes neurales artificiales presentaron un R2 de 0,8651, mientras que la regresión múltiple lineal presentó un valor de R2 de 0,039, lo que indica que las redes neurales artificiales tienen un mejor desempeño que la regresión múltiple lineal en la predicción de la actividad biológica de los análogos de la cocaína a partir de los descriptores moleculares seleccionados, y que el efecto de los descriptores sobre la actividad biológica es de naturaleza no lineal.

Plant species of the genus Vigna belong to the group of legumes, they have a high protein content, including albumins and globulins, being the main function as storage proteins; however, they perform defense functions against fungi, insects, and microorganisms, such as the case of lectins, protease inhibitors, a-amylase inhibitors, defensins, lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs), thionins, cyclotides, among others. Currently, all these proteins, as well as the peptides obtained from their hydrolysis, are considered relevant due to the biological activity they have demonstrated, including anticancer, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, and insecticidal properties. These diverse biological activities underscore the potential of Vigna species as valuable resources for developing functional foods and pharmaceutical and agricultural products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Edible mushrooms are considered an important source of nutritional and functional components; therefore, they have been proposed as promissory ingredients for foods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical, techno-functional, and antioxidant properties of two Pleurotus spp. powders (P. ostreatus and P. pulmonarius). Regarding physicochemical properties, Pleurotus spp. powders showed (p<0.05) pH values near to neutrality in comparison to soy protein (control), and all samples showed slightly brown color. Concerning their techno-functional properties they retained water and oil, and there was swelling, foaming and gelling capacities (p<0.05). Results demonstrated the presence of primary (carbohydrates and protein) and secondary metabolites (phenols, flavonoids, and chlorogenic acid), as well as antioxidant capacity (free-radical and cations scavenging activity and reducing power) in dependence of solvent extraction (p<0.05). Also, all powdered mushroom extracts reduced (p<0.05) lipid oxidation of meat homogenates subjected to thermal treatment. In conclusion, the results comfirm that P. ostreatus and P. pulmonarius powders are useful as functional ingredients for meat products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Piper genus are plants with biotechnological potential because they synthesize about 700 compounds with biological activity. In this study, we tested the fungicidal effect of ethanolic extracts obtained from six Piper species from the state of Veracruz, Mexico, against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vanillae. The Mean Effective Concentration (EC50) and Minimum Fungicide Concentration (MFC) were estimated, as well as preliminary phytochemical profiles and the total content of phenols, flavonoids, and alkaloids. The results showed that the extract of P. aduncum had the major inhibition potential with an estimated EC50 and CMF of 0.64 and 0.4 mg/mL. The extract of P. umbellatum had the highest concentration of alkaloids (29.51 μgEP / mg), while P. amalago had the highest concentration of flavonoids and phenols (12.82 μgEQ/mg and 8.53 μgEAT/mg). Piper extracts have a fungicidal effect against F. oxysporum, attributable to secondary metabolites, which turns them into an alternative in the search for biopesticides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of @limentech: Ciencia y Tecnología Alimentaria is the property of Journal @limentech, University of Pamplona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Las Myrtaceae constituyen especial interés por su gran endemismo, elevado contenido de aceites esenciales y otros principios activos que pueden ser diferenciados en productos químicos de valor industrial y usados en el control de diferentes plagas. Esta familia cuenta con 144 géneros y 5 500 especies, distribuidas en regiones tropicales y subtropicales. Entre las Myrtaceae que han sido evaluadas con actividad insecticida se encuentran los géneros, Eucalyptus, Pimenta, Callistemon, Eugenia, Pimenta, Callistemon, Psidium, Syzygium y Melaleuca. Sus efectos insecticidas han sido evaluados sobre insectos en los órdenes Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera. Estas especies también han sido referidas en el control de ácaros y en el control de hongos y bacterias. Sus principales compuestos secundarios poseen propiedades sobre la reducción de las poblaciones de insecto, efecto insectistático, repelente y sobre la emergencia de insectos.

La presencia de especies reactivas de oxígeno generan daños y estrés oxidativo, al haber producción y eliminación de estas especies en el organismo se presentan situaciones patológicas y de envejecimiento, estas especies pueden ser controladas mediante agentes reguladores como lo son sustancias antioxidantes de bajo peso molecular, lo cual conlleva a generar un protocolo de una metodología de evaluación antioxidante que sea fácilmente reproducible bajo las condiciones del laboratorio de análisis instrumental de la Universidad CES. ORAC es un método ampliamente utilizado para analizar la capacidad antioxidante, pero es un método altamente sensible y posee factores que puede presentar alteraciones si no se tienen estándares bien estipulados generando fluctuaciones en la lectura o proporcionando datos que no sean válidos. Por lo tanto, se estandarizará el método bajo los parámetros estipulados por las Buenas Prácticas de Fabricación (PAF), obteniendo resultados satisfactorios en términos de especificidad para el análisis de compuestos antioxidantes hidrosolubles, robustez de ±10% para el análisis antioxidante de L-Ácido Ascórbico, precisión y exactitud, se realizarán más ensayos para obtener resultados óptimos de linealidad en términos de test de linealidad y proporcionalidad.

Introduction: Tradescantia zebrina is a species used mainly in South America, with few reports about its chemical composition and bioactivity. Aim: To determine phenolic bioactive compounds, for the first time in the literature, and the antioxidant and hemolytic activities of extracts (dried and in natura) of this species. Methods: The extracts were obtained by maceration in methanol and the total phenolic and flavonoid contents were expressed in mg equivalent of gallic acid (EAG)/g and quercetin (EQ) of extract, respectively. The antioxidant potential was evaluated by DPPH• and ABTS•+ radical capture methods. The identification and quantification of phenolic bioactive compounds was performed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a diode detector (HPLC-DAD) and, the hemolytic activity assay was performed by diffusion in blood agar, using the disk antiobiogram technique. Results: The total phenolic and flavonoid contents in the extracts (in natura and dried) were 67.68 and 233.94 mg EAG/g and 29.70 and 10.99 mg EQ/g of concentrated extract, respectively. Phenolic acids (caffeic, ellagic, ferulic, ρ-coumaric and protocatechuic), flavonoids (chrysin and rutin) and a phenolic aldehyde (vanillin) were determined by high performance liquid chromatography-diodearray detector (HPLC-DAD). The antioxidant activities were confirmed by inhibition of DPPH• (44.08%) and ABTS•+ (46.99%) radicals for in natura samples, respectively. Conclusion: The tested methanolic extracts of Tradescantia zebrina did not present toxicities when tested for hemolytic activity after 72 hours. Therefore, Tradescantia zebrina is a potential source of bioactive substances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A bibliometric analysis of the information on essential oils (EOs) of Cuban plants was carried out. The search was carried out in the databases: Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Scielo and Infomed. In addition, Google Scholar and relevant scientific journals were also reviewed. Between 1971-2021, 240 published articles appeared in 53 journals in relation to AEs. In total, 222 researchers, belonging to 24 institutions, participated in these studies. The six most productive institutions were IIIA, CNIC, IPK, CENSA, University of Alabama at Huntville and CIDEM. From the analysis of the results, 31 botanical families and 162 species have been analyzed. The most representative families were Myrtaceae, Asteraceae, Lamiaceae and Rutaceae, while the most studied species were Citrus sinensis L., Citrus aurantifolia Swingle, Piper aduncum L. and Piper auritum H.B.K. By region of sample collection, samples from 13 Cuban provinces have been evaluated, most of them collected in the provinces of Artemisa, Pinar del Río and Havana. The leaves were the plant part for the extraction of EO and hydrodistillation the most used obtaining method. Different biological activities have been reported, such as: antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antileishmanial, insecticidal, antiplasmodial, antioxidant and anticancer. It is recommended to expand in vivo trials to verify the efficacy and safety of the use of EOs. The information reported in this review can scientifically contribute to guide future research towards a new perspective with the EOs of Cuban plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Litchi chinensis is a fruit tree known as litchi or lychee, of the Sapindaceae family and native to southern China. It is currently cultivated in more than 20 countries with tropical and subtropical areas. The fruit has a high nutritional and commercial value due to its pleasant flavor, juicy aril, and attractive deep red color. In ancient times, various cultures used it as a traditional medicine to treat different diseases, including coughs, ulcers, diabetes, obesity, and epigastric and neuralgic pains. In the literature, litchi and its different parts (leaves, flowers, pulp, seed, and pericarp) are reported to have a high amount of bioactive compounds, with strong biological activity as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and analgesic. This review describes its botanical characteristics, distribution, and chemical composition with emphasis on the bioactive compounds it contains and its biological activity, as well as its uses, applications, and perspectives of interest for the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries in order to develop novel products useful for humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Propolis is natural product processed by honey bees from plant exudations with a resinous and rubber-like consistency. This work examines the physicochemical properties, sensory attributes, and biological activity of propolis ethanol extracts from three different biogeographic zones in department of Nariño, Colombia. Samples of raw propolis obtained from each area were compared, and their alcoholic extracts studied through separation methods and spectroscopic techniques. Biological activity was evaluated using Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli strains. Chromatographic analysis revealed the presence of secondary metabolites with potential biological activity. Infrared spectrum and chromatograms displayed differences between group samples, identified as type -O and -B. Phenolic fraction exhibited significant variations on flavones and flavanols. Oxidation rates were lower than 5 seconds. Evaluated ethanolic extracts exposed greater sensitivity to S. aureus under the Kirby-Bauer technique. Present research contributes towards expanding knowledge about natural- origin products like propolis on such Colombian regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Entomología is the property of Universidad del Valle and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Muestras de suelo fueron colectadas en la provincia de Catamarca en lotes cultivados con topinambur (Helianthus tuberosus L.) al momento de implantación y cosecha durante cuatro ciclos agrícolas. Los tubérculos fueron tratados con Azospirillum brasilense, hongos micorrícicos o ambos microorganismos. Tubérculos correspondientes a los testigos no se inocularon con estos microorganismos. Se determinó la Actividad Biológica Total (ABT) por Hidrólisis del Diacetato de Fluoresceína a las muestras colectadas. La ABT del suelo fue afectada por los diferentes tratamientos del cultivo. La inoculación microbiana elevó la ABT de los suelos estudiados, difiriendo estadísticamente con los testigos. También se observaron diferencias signifi cativas entre la ABT de los suelos al inicio del cultivo con los valores registrados a la cosecha de los mismos. La inoculación de tubérculos de topinambur con A. brasilense y hongos micorrícicos afecta la ABT de los suelos cultivados.

Las fronteras agrícolas se están expandiendo constantemente, por medio de la tecnología de riego, hacia zonas áridas marginales. Considerando el impacto de la población bacteriana y su actividad biológica en la homeostasis del suelo, la generación de información sobre la biodiversidad del suelo y su actividad biológica son un importante aporte para maximizar la producción con un impacto mínimo en estos ambientes susceptibles. El objetivo de este trabajo exploratorio fue evaluar el efecto de las prácticas agrícolas a largo plazo (30 años) sobre la actividad y los aspectos estructurales de la comunidad microbiana de los suelos áridos con agricultura bajo riego. Para ello, se evaluaron tres ambientes, recolectando muestras de un suelo árido Prístino (sin riego y sin disturbar) y dos suelos agrícolas bajo riego con diferente historial de manejo (Alfalfa y Maíz) a lo largo de la temporada 2014-2015. Se realizó un análisis fisicoquímico de los suelos, se registró la temperatura y humedad, así como la actividad biológica total (hidrólisis FDA) y la huella molecular (DGGE y T-RFLP) para cada tratamiento. Los análisis fisicoquímicos del suelo muestran que las prácticas agrícolas mejoraron algunas de las propiedades edáficas como el nivel de materia orgánica, aunque el aporte de agua en cantidades limitadas (riego presurizado) provocó un aumento de la conductividad eléctrica. La actividad biológica total a lo largo de las estaciones del año mostró perfiles similares para todos los ambientes, y los meses más fríos/sin riego y más caluroso/con riego mostraron las actividades más bajas y más altas, respectivamente. En general, la condición Prístina presentó niveles de actividad biológica significativamente más bajos a lo largo de la temporada. La huella dactilar DGGE mostró un patrón discreto con bajo número de bandas y, contra lo esperado, no mostró diferencias entre los tres ambientes evaluados. El análisis por T-RFLP posterior confirmó que la biodiversidad bacteriana del suelo no fue modificada por décadas de intensa actividad agrícola.

El propóleo, es un producto natural de consistencia resinosa y cauchosa elaborado por las abejas a partir de exudaciones de plantas. En este trabajo se caracterizaron las propiedades fisicoquímicas, atributos sensoriales y actividad biológica de extractos etanólicos de propóleo de tres diferentes zonas biogeográficas del departamento de Nariño. Muestras de propóleo crudo beneficiados de cada región fueron comparadas, y sus extractos alcohólicos fueron evaluados a través de métodos de separación y técnicas de espectroscopía. La actividad biológica fue evaluada usando cepas bacterianas de Staphylococcus aureus y Escherichia coli. Los análisis cromatográficos revelaron la presencia de metabolitos secundarios con actividad biológica frente a las bacterias estudiadas. Los espectros de infrarrojo y los cromatogramas, exhibieron diferencias entre las muestras, identificados como tipo -O y -B. La fracción fenólica, presentó diferencias significativas para flavonas y flavonoles. Los índices de oxidación fueron inferiores a 5 segundos. En relación a los extractos etanólicos evaluados, éstos mostraron una mayor sensibilidad sobre S. aureus en la técnica de Kirby-Bauer. La investigación realizada aporta al estudio y caracterización de propóleos de esta zona colombiana, ampliando el conocimiento sobre productos de origen natural.

Las plantas del género Fouquieria se distribuyen en las zonas áridas de México y Estados Unidos de América. Siendo los estados de Durango, Zacatecas, Coahuila, San Luis Potosí, Sonora, Baja California, Baja California Sur y Chihuahua donde éstas se distribuyen especialmente en México; y en Arizona, Nuevo México, Nevada, Colorado, y Utah en Estados Unidos de América. Tienen usos diversos ya sea como plantas de ornato, plantas medicinales o alimento. Las infrutescencias de este género son en forma de panícula, color rojo anaranjado de forma alargada y acampanada. Según la comunidad rural, los tallos, raíces y flores de estas especies se utilizaban en la medicina tradicional para tratar enfermedades cardiovasculares y trastornos del sistema urinario, entre otras. Hoy en día, las investigaciones demuestran que los extractos tienen entre algunas otras actividades, la antimicrobiana, antihelmíntica, e insecticida, cuyos efectos son atribuidos a metabolitos secundarios (fenoles, saponinas terpenoides, alcanos, etc.). En esta revisión se dan a conocer los usos etnobotánicos, características fitoquímicas, actividad biológica y estudios tecnológicos reportados del género Fouquieria. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54167/tecnociencia.v15i3.840

Copyright of Revista CienciaUAT is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Tamaulipas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El interés por estudiar los ambientes marinos extremos ha ido creciendo en las últimas dos décadas, motivado principalmente por la búsqueda de microorganismos productores de metabolitos con fines biotecnológicos. En esta revisión se presentan las fuentes de aislamiento de microorganismos extremófilos en ambientes marinos y costeros alrededor del mundo y las moléculas aisladas de estos que han mostrado una apreciable importancia biotecnológica, con el fin de reportar la disponibilidad de nichos ambientales con potencial en bioprospección y así favorecer su aprovechamiento. Las investigaciones más representativas incluyen los piezófilos, halófilos, psicrófilos y termófilos, grupos en los que se han identificado nuevas especies y obtenido compuestos con actividad biológica.

Dada su riqueza forestal, México cuenta con numerosas especies silvestres del género Physalis (Solanaceae) que poseen potencial para su aprovechamiento, desde el punto de vista fitoquímico; además tiene importantes propiedades medicinales. Physalis chenopodifolia es una de ellas. Taxon de amplia presencia en el territorio nacional, pero poco estudiado. Por este motivo, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue la caracterización mineral y el tamizaje fitoquimico del fruto y las hojas (follaje) de especímenes recolectados en condiciones silvestres y en plantas cultivadas bajo condiciones controladas. Se determinó mayor contenido de minerales en las muestras procedentes de cultivo. En el fruto: K y Mn, principalmente, y en hoja: K, N, Mn y Fe. Respecto al perfil fitoquímico, la mayor variedad de compuestos biológicos correspondió al tallo y hojas; los solventes acuosos e hidroalcóholicos fueron los medios de extracción más eficientes. Los metabolitos con mayor presencia resultaron ser los esteroides/terpenos, fenoles y flavonoides, los cuales se determinaron de forma cualitativa. La experiencia en el manejo agronómico y tecnficado de Physalis chenopodifolia en diversas regiones permite establecer que se trata de una planta de fácil incorporación al cultivo y constituye una fuente potencial de metabolitos de interés alimentario y biomédico, lo que la hace una especie forestal no maderable relevante.

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Entomología is the property of Universidad del Valle and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Capparis species (Capparaceae), also called caper, grow naturally in various regions of the world. Caper is a plant with medicinal and aromatic properties. Flower buds, root bark, and fruits of the plant are used in folk medicine due to their analgesic, wound healing, cell regeneration, tonic, and diuretic effects. Objective: The aim of this research was to evaluate in vitro (anti-urease, antioxidant, anticholinesterase) and in vivo (anti-inflammatory) biological activities of caper (C. ovata var. canescens). In addition, we aimed to identify its major phenolic compounds using high performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector (HPLC-DAD) and confirmate them using quadrupole time-of-flight liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (Q-TOF-LC/MS). Also, we quantified the concentrations of several trace and major elements in plant samples using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Methods: The antioxidant, anti-urease and anticholinesterase activities of different plant extracts were evaluated using DPPH, FRAP, ABTS/TEAC, Indophenol and Ellman tests. The identification of phenolic compounds and trace element contents was performed using HPLC and Q-TOF-LC/MS and ICP-MS. Results: Soxhlet methanol extract exhibited the strongest anti-urease, antioxidant (ABTS/TEAC) and anticholinesterase activity. Soxhlet and maceration methanol extracts demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory effect in the altered edema size after the second hour of carrageenan injection. The active phenolic compounds in Soxhlet methanol extract were identified as rutin, quercetin-hexoside-hexoside, quercetin-3-O-hexoside and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside. In addition, the average concentrations of vanadium, chromium, manganese, cobalt, copper, nickel, arsenic, selenium, zinc and lead were within the permissible limits defined by WHO for medicinal plants. However, it was found that the concentrations of cadmium and iron were higher than the maximum permissible limits. Conclusion: Our results suggest that although caper has a strong biological activity, it should be consumed carefully due to the excess amount of cadmium and iron elements it contains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nature provides us with a large number of fruit plant species with interesting biological properties, which are an important source of new bioactive molecules, which can replace synthetic chemicals, since they are friendly to the environment and are less toxic. Currently there are more than 30,000 publications in which fruits are related to some biological activity, according to the search carried out in different databases until July 2019. This confirms the wide usefulness of fruits as the main source of bioactive metabolites, as active ingredients in different products of great use for humanity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to produce water-soluble polysaccharide extracts (WSP) from perilla seed meal (PSM), a by-product of perilla seed oil extraction, using enzymatic hydrolysis. The aim was to confirm the potential of this method to obtain functional materials from PSM. The cellulose and hemicellulose fractions from PSM were hydrolyzed using Celluclast 1.5 L and Viscozyme L, respectively. The yield of WSP from both fractions increased with an increase in hydrolysis time. Physical properties of WSP, including solubility, oil-holding capacity, and emulsification properties, were increased by enzymatic hydrolysis. WSP produced by hydrolysis had greater antioxidant activity than WSP obtained without hydrolysis; the highest activity was observed after a hydrolysis reaction of 24 h. WSP retarded glucose and bile acid absorption. The data indicate that WSP from PSM have potentially valuable functional and biological activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil samples were collected in the province of Catamarca in lots grown with topinambur (Helianthus tuberosus L.) at the time of implantation and harvest during four agricultural cycles. The tubers were treated with Azospirillum brasilense, mycorrhizal fungi or both microorganisms. Tubers corresponding to the controls were not inoculated with these microorganisms. Total Biological Activity (ABT) was determined by Fluorescein Diacetate Hydrolysis to the collected samples. The ABT of the soil was affected by the different treatments of the crop. Microbial inoculation raised the ABT of the studied soils, differing statistically with the controls. Significant differences were also observed between the ABT of the soils at the beginning of the crop with the values recorded at their harvest. The inoculation of topinambur tubers with A. brasilense and mycorrhizal fungi affects the ABT of cultivated soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed at evaluating effective methods for breaking the hard and insoluble spores of Ganoderma lucidum to recover functional biomolecules. Rupture techniques were evaluated such as manual maceration (RM), maceration with spheres of various materials (BR), and microwave exposure plus maceration with steel/chrome spheres (MBR1). Spore rupture was evaluated using UV-Vis spectroscopy, which showed vibrations of 2955, 1642, 1240, 1080 and 1746 cm-1 corresponding to changes in spore walls. The MBR1 extract contained the largest amounts of carbohydrates (19.80 mg.g-1 spores) and polyphenols (2.21 mg.g-1 spores), whereas the BR extract had higher antioxidant activity (57.22%Inb DPPH). The MBR1 and BR extracts contained 62.2 and 73.5% glucose, respectively. Both methods also involved significant extraction of carbohydrates and proteins. The best way to extract biomolecules from spore walls is to perform a microwave heat treatment and break the walls with steel/chrome spheres; this produces large quantities of carbohydrates with antioxidant properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports the synthesis and detailed characterization of lanthanide complexes La(III), Ce(III), Nd(III) y Sm(III) with tridentate ligands derived from heteroaromatic hybrids. The ligands and their metal complexes were characterized by different physicochemical techniques, including elemental and thermogravimetric analysis; UV-Vis, IR, ¹H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopy; molar conductance measurements; and mass spectrometry. The spectral data showed that the hybrid ligand behaves as a NOO tridentate ligand through the nitrogen and oxygen atoms of the benzimidazole and oxadiazole rings and the oxygen atom of the carbonyl group. Elemental and thermal analyses indicated that the obtained metal complexes were formed in 1:2 stoichiometry (metal-ligand). The antioxidant capacity of these compounds was evaluated by both DPPH· assay and electrochemical measurements (cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry). The results showed that the metal complexes have higher antioxidant activity compare to the free ligands. Finally, the antibacterial activities of the ligands and their complexes were determined by in vitro tests against Gram-positive bacterial strains and Gram-negative bacterial strains using the broth microdilution method. The metal complexes showed greater antimicrobial activities than the precursor ligands against some of the microorganisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of temperature, pH and soluble solids on reaction rate in phenolic compound degradation of Bixa orellana L. Also, the stability of phenolic compounds and their antioxidant activity during 91 days under storage condition of -20, 8, 23 and 37 °C were determined. The results showed that phenolic compound degradation depends on temperature and soluble solids, it followed a first-order kinetic for both, process and storage conditions. In addition, its antioxidant activities (ABTS and FRAP) were affected by storage temperature. The half-life times were between 27.74 - 38.25; 27.99-36.51 and 22.18-35.98 day-1, for phenolic compound, ABTS and FRAP, respectively. The activation energy was 4.08, 3.24 and 5.52 KJ.mol-1, for the phenolic compounds, ABTS and FRAP, respectively. It was concluded that the antioxidant activity of these extracts depends on phenolic compounds content which is affected by temperature and by soluble solids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluating soil structure dynamics is a major challenge when analysing or modelling pedogenesis. Constructed Technosols are considered, by definition, to be good candidates for pedogenetic studies, insofar as their initial characteristics and implementation conditions are controlled. Thus, we developed an approach based on image analysis of soil microstructures in order to specify the structure dynamics of a constructed Technosol. We described and quantified porosity and aggregation descriptors on a microscale (1) from pictures of mesocosms performed during 14 months, using an innovative automatic high-resolution image-acquisition device (Soilinsight ®), and (2) from thin sections sampled in situ in a 1 ha field experiment at t0 and t2 (17 months). Plant root system architecture of Lupinus albus and the behavior of introduced earthworms (Lumbricus castaneus) were described using the Soilinsight® device. After 14 months, the pore surface was 10 times greater in the presence of plants and macrofauna than in the control samples. Although the biological activity promoted the genesis of aggregates, their dynamics were irregular. In fact, the proportion of aggregates varied depending on both root age and worm action. In situ, the soil was progressively compacted due to a significant decrease in the number of > 2000 µm pores. In the same way, three aggregate descriptors--number, area and shape--were selected as the most significant indicators of soil aggregation evolution during the early stages of pedogenesis. In conclusion, this approach, based on the quantification of microstructure parameters, did indeed allow the description and monitoring of 2D soil structure dynamics in both field and mesocosms conditions. Completed with 3D soil structure data, this micromorphological analysis could advantageously contribute to the impact of climatic and biological agents modelling on a structural evolution of Technosols during initial pedogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nature gives us a large number of compounds with interesting biological properties, within them we have essential oils, which are an important source of new bioactive molecules, which can replace synthetic chemicals, since they are friendly to the environment and they are less toxic. Currently there are more than 20.000 publications in which essential oils are related to some biological activity, according to the search made in different databases until January 2018. This confirms the wide utility of essential oils as the main source of bioactive metabolites, which can be used in different areas of our life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Biociências is the property of Revista Biociencias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Los compuestos fenólicos hacen parte de uno de los grupos más abundantes dentro de los metabolitos secundarios. Éstos se biosintetizan en las plantas por medio de rutas como la de ácido shikímico y la del acetato-malonato. En esta revisión se hace alución a algunos grupos de polifenoles que se originan en los vegetales, por medio de dichas vías. Por la ruta del shikimato se pueden producir ácidos aromáticos como el ácido corísmico, prefénico, quínico, gálico que pueden ser bloques de construcción de muchos otros compuestos más funcionalizados. También a partir del ácido cinámico podemos obtener grupos tan diversos como las cumarinas, las chalconas, los favonoles, flavanonas, ligninas, lignanos. Si hacemos referencia a la ruta del acetato-malonato, se pueden generar fenoles simples como el ácido metilsalícilo y otros derivados como el ácido orsellínico, y derivados de los mismos. Debido a la importancia aplicativa de los polifenoles, se han planteado algunos métodos químicos de síntesis para obtenerlos, en este documento se mencionan algunos. Por último se presentan algunos resultados de investigaciones en donde se estudia la actividad biológica de los polifenoles, mencionándose las actividades antioxidante, antimicrobiana, anticáncer, efectos benéficos sobre la salud.

La cuantificación del CO2 generado por los cultivos agrícolas permite obtener una mirada real del aporte de la agricultura a dichas emisiones. En esta investigación se buscó establecer la cantidad de CO2 liberada y el comportamiento de la biomasa microbiana en función del manejo de cultivos de café Coffea arabica L. yuca Manihot esculenta Crantz, fríjol Phaseolus vulgaris L. y lechuga Lactuca sativa L. determinar cuál de ellos causó el mayor aporte dependiendo del tipo de manejo, tanto tecnificado o tradicional. Para cuantificar el CO2 producido en campo, se utilizó el método propuesto para determinar la cantidad de biomasa se utilizó el método de estimación (biomasa microbiana), en función del carbono microbiano y el método fumigación–extracción. El cultivo que presentó mayor liberación de CO2 fue el café. La modalidad de manejo del cultivo no tuvo influencia en la liberación de CO2. Por su parte las condiciones climáticas influyeron sobre las tasas de respiración entre cultivos, indicando que el café en época de poca lluvia respiró más que los otros cultivos.