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This paper presents an information-technology-based collaboration framework that facilitates disaster response operations. The collaboration framework incorporates a web collaboration service, radio frequency identification (RFID) tags, a building blackbox system (BBS), a geo-database, and a geographic information system (GIS). Through the integration of these technologies, the framework provides a collaboration medium for first responders, including civil engineers, to cohesively respond to disasters. Access to critical building information, such as construction documents, through the BBS supports assessments of building integrity during disaster response. Building assessment information is stored on RFID tags, which are accessible to first responders through digital devices via a wireless ad hoc network. With on-site assessment information shown on a digital map, decision makers locate, collect, and distribute critical resources through the GIS to first responders. In addition, the decision makers at distributed locations evaluate the incident through discussion sessions, hosted by the web collaboration environment, for integrated decision making. Test-bed simulations for the framework have been carried out with encouraging results at the training ground of the Illinois Fire Service Institute. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)CP. 1943-5487.0000033 CE Database subject headings: Disasters; Emergency services; Damage; Assessment; Information systems; Information management; Geographic information systems; Computer networks. Author keywords: Disasters; Emergency services; Damage assessment; Information systems; Information management; Ad hoc networks; Geographic information systems.

Problem statement: The car users expect more and more accessories available in their cars, but the accessories available needed manage by driver manually and not properly manage by smart system. All these accessories are able to control by user manually using different and standalone controllers. Besides, the controller itself uses RF technology which is not existed in mobile devices. So there is lack of a comprehensive and integrated system to manage, control and monitor all the accessories inside the vehicle by using a personal mobile phone. Design and development of an integrated system to manage and control all kind of inter vehicle accessories, improving the efficiency and functionality of inter vehicle communications for the car users. Approach: The proposed system was based on Microcontroller, Bluetooth and Java technology and in order to achieve the idea of an intelligence car with ability to uses personal mobile hand phone as a remote interface. Development strategies for this innovation are includes two phases: (1) java based application platform-designed and developed for smart phones and PDAs (2) hardware design and implementation of the receiver side-compatible smart system to managing and interconnection between all inside accessories based on monitoring and controlling mechanisms by Bluetooth media. Results: The designed system included hardware and software and the completed prototype had tested successfully on the real vehicles. During the testing stage, the components and devices were connected and implemented on the vehicle and the user by installing the system interface on a mobile phone is able to monitor and manage the vehicle accessories, the efficiency, adaptively and range of functionality of the system has proved with the various car accessories. Conclusion: This study involved design a new system to decrease the hot temperature inside a car that affecting the health of the car driver and the car driver is able to control some of the car accessories by using mobile phone. Once the car was equipped with the Bluetooth module and control system, the car accessories is able to connect with microcontroller and control by the mobile application. Key words: Vehicular communication, Bluetooth, VANET, monitoring, smart car, vehicle controller, INTRODUCTION Today car drivers expect more and more accessories available in their cars, but the accessories available needed manage by driver manually and not properly manage by smart system. The [...]

We propose a new class of distributed scheduling policies for ad hoc wireless networks that can achieve provable capacity regions. Previously known scheduling policies that guarantee comparable capacity regions are either centralized or require computation time that increases with the size of the network. In contrast, the unique feature of the proposed distributed scheduling policies is that they are constant-time policies, i.e., given a fixed approximation ratio and a bounded maximum node-degree of the network, the time needed for computing a new schedule is independent of the network size. Hence, they can be easily deployed in large networks. Index Terms--Ad hoc wireless networks, constant-time scheduling algorithms, distributed algorithms, efficiency ratio.

This paper addresses Rayleigh fading networks, and in particular, wireless ad-hoc and sensor networks over Rayleigh fading channels. First, we will model Rayleigh fading networks and show how to map the wireless fading channel to the upper layer parameters for cross-layer design. Based on the developed fading network model, we will consider two scarce resources of wireless networks, namely energy and medium, and develop a cross-layer way to improve their efficiency. In particular, we will first study the energy-efficiency and introduce a new parameter, Energy Cost Factor, as the counterpart of Transport Capacity in wireless transmission. The new parameter will be used to design energy-efficient networks. As to the medium resource, we will bring forward the Medium Resource Space, which not only organizes various medium resources in a systematic way but also considers a third dimension related to space reuse and internode interference. Finally, we will give a general discussion on the cross-layer design and show how power control and route selection jointly contribute to improving the resource efficiency. A few particular routing algorithms will also be studied in detail. Index Terms--Wireless ad-hoc and sensor networks, Rayleigh fading, energy, medium resource, cross-layer design.

The mobile ad hoc wireless network (MAWN) promises to become an ever-present technology with application to a myriad of areas. This networking scheme has its roots in DoD technology, yet, the ability to measure and calculate its reliability is largely absent. This paper describes the unique attributes of the MAWN and how the classical methods for analysis of network reliability must be adjusted. The methods developed acknowledge the dynamic and scalable nature of the new networking scheme along with its absence of infrastructure and remove the need to a priori define a network configuration. The methods rely on a novel modeling approach that recognizes the effects of mobility on the formation of the network's configurations. Hence, this paper proposes a Monte Carlo simulation method that accounts for node mobility, node reliability and node performance in the network's connectivity and resultant network reliability. Keywords: Ad hoc networks, MANET, reliability, Monte Carlo, mobile computing, 1. Introduction Perkins and Bhagwat (2001) and Toh (2002) were the first to describe the Mobile Ad hoc Wireless Network (MAWN) which is a rapidly developing technology. These authors provide [...]

An ad-Hoc network is an infrastructures network consisting of mobile moving nodes. Every node in network performs as a router or a package forwarder. Energy consumption of network interfaces can be significant. There is a relationship between the transmission power and the distance traveled by a packet, increasing the transmission power increases the reachable area at the cost of high power consumption. Reducing the transmission power reduces the number of nodes reached but consumes less energy. We propose the use of searching algorithms (local beam search) to organize the nodes of a single cluster in a tree, in a manner that all the nodes are distributed in levels given a determined distance to each other. All the communication was done by levels. Substituting in that long distance communication by a multihop communication. Reducing in the power consumption for each communication. Results showed that power remaining at the destination node inversely related to the distance between the two communicating nodes. Power increased at the destination node if the distance between the two communicating nodes decreased. Key words: Searching algorithms, power consumption, multihop communication, local beam search algorithm, INTRODUCTION Multihop communication is one of the main enablers in reducing power consumption in ad hoc networks. The energy required for communication between two arbitrary nodes A and B is [...]

Byline: Ryu Watanabe, Toshiaki Tanaka An ad-hoc network style connection can be utilised to expand the coverage area of public wireless LAN (WLAN) services. By relaying the messages among user nodes, a node can obtain an internet connection, even though the node is located outside the AP's direct wireless communication area. This concept has been realised by using the ad-hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) routing protocol and mobile IP. However, it has some drawbacks in terms of security. The AODV has no functions for confirming the validity of routing messages; therefore, there are many threats due to faked or forged routing messages. In contrast, if a secure ad-hoc routing protocol is used for message routing in the WLAN service, the message route can be appropriately maintained. However, in order to employ secure ad-hoc routing protocols, a key and IP address have to be securely delivered to each WLAN node in advance. For this purpose, in this paper, the authors propose a secure address and public key certificate allocation scheme for WLAN services.

Byline: Giorgio Colombo, Franco De Angelis, Luca Formentini This work presents the results of a research project that evaluated the possibility to carry out ergonomic analyses on virtual prototypes that permitted tactile interaction. We propose an approach based on Virtual Reality (VR) and haptics: the former to improve visual rendering of a digital model, the latter to permit tactile interaction. The products considered were control boards. Atomic components such as knobs, sliders and buttons are employed. The paper presents the architecture of an ergonomic workstation and its first implementation based on commercial systems and ad hoc haptic devices specifically developed for the purpose. Major problems related to a VR environment, such as visualisation and human body tracking, are discussed; the architecture of haptic devices and technical solutions to achieve a satisfactory haptic rendering are presented. Finally, the paper proposes a test procedure and presents the results of tests on the behaviour of ergonomic workstation components. Work in progress and future developments conclude the paper.

Byline: M. Senthilkumar, S. Somasundaram, R. Amuthakkannan A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is composed of mobile nodes, which do not have any fixed wired communication infrastructure. The protocol called 'Power aware Multiple Quality of Service (QoS) constraints Routing Protocol with Mobility Prediction (PMQRPMP)' is the extension of the existing protocol called 'Multiple QoS constraints Routing Protocol with Mobile Predicting (MQRPMP)'. It adds a power constraint along with QoS constraints mentioned in MQRPMP to select a best routing path among multiple paths between a source and a destination as to increase packet delivery ratio (PDR), reliability and efficiency of mobile communication. It collects the residual battery power of each node for each path; selects a path, which has nodes with good battery power for transmission to satisfy the power constraint. It uses the mobility prediction formula to find the stability of a link between two nodes.

Byline: Ammar Zahary, Aladdin Ayesh Multipath routing is a new extension to many traditional routing protocols in MANETs. Using multipath routing in MANETs can save energy, reduce frequent routing update, enhance data transmission rates, and increase wireless network bandwidth. This paper introduces an analytical review for multipath routing in MANETs covering its applications, classification, and design issues. A simulation-based analytical evaluation is presented in this review using NS2 for AODV and its multipath extensions namely, AOMDV and MRAODV against two traditional multipath routing protocols namely, DSR and TORA. Simulation results show that traditional multipath protocols outperform the single path version of AODV in terms of packet delivery fraction, routing packets overhead, and throughput while AODV has better performance in terms of average end-to-end delay. AODV extensions outperforms traditional protocols in terms of packet delivery fraction and average end-to-end delay.

Byline: Mahfoud Benchaïba, Mohamed Ahmed Nacer This paper describes a new distributed token based h-out of-k Mutual Exclusion (h-k-ME) protocol for mobile ad hoc networks. This protocol uses neither the routing layer nor a logical structure and agrees requests based on their distances to the token, their ages and their resources numbers. A request is sent within a dynamical radius computed so as to reach a part of nodes. The protocol is fault tolerant and manages one token with k resources in each partition. The mobility has little effect on the protocol's performances especially for medium and heavy loads.

Byline: Hind O. Al-Misbahi, Arwa Y. Al-Aama Demands to increase network usage efficiency and scalability do exist. IP and overlay multicast provide multicasting services by enabling data to be sent to several recipients simultaneously over a network. Although MPLS, a high performance method for forwarding packets, has many benefits, implementation of multicast on MPLS still suffers from IP multicast limitations. This paper proposes the Overlay Multicast Protocol (OMP) in which the overlay approach is applied on MPLS networks to improve the scalability of multicasting. Comparisons of OMP with Protocol Independent Multicast-Sparse Mode and Protocol Independent Multicast-Source Specific Multicast are presented, showing improved scalability when using OMP.

Byline: Stefan Wallin, Viktor Leijon, Leif Landen Telecom service providers are faced with an overwhelming flow of alarms, which makes good alarm classification and prioritisation very important. This paper first provides statistical analysis of data collected from a real-world alarm flow and then presents a quantitative characterisation of the alarm situation. Using data from the trouble ticketing system as a reference, we examine the relationship between mechanical classification of alarms and the human perception of them. Using this knowledge of alarm flow properties and trouble ticketing information, we suggest a neural network-based approach for alarm classification. Tests using live data show that our prototype assigns the same severity as a human expert in 50% of all cases, compared to 17% for a naïve approach.

Byline: Michael Georgiades, Klaus Moessner, Tasos Dagiuklas Ambient Networks (AN) aim to embrace the heterogeneity arising from different network technologies such that it appears homogeneous to the potential users at the level of network service provisioning. This paper focuses on the employment of a State Transfer Module (STM) in AN for enhancing mobility and minimising the impact of multimedia service discrepancy (e.g., security, session continuity) by supporting the transfer of authentication and authorisation states upon handoff as well as supporting multimedia session continuation while the users roam and handoff across heterogeneous wireless networks.