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1. The International Linear Collider: Report to Snowmass 2021

Author

Aryshev, Alexander, Behnke, Ties, Berggren, Mikael, Brau, James, Craig, Nathaniel, Freitas, Ayres, Gaede, Frank, Gessner, Spencer, Gori, Stefania, Grojean, Christophe, Heinemeyer, Sven, Jeans, Daniel, Kruger, Katja, List, Benno, List, Jenny, Liu, Zhen, Michizono, Shinichiro, Miller, David W., Moult, Ian, Murayama, Hitoshi, Nakada, Tatsuya, Nanni, Emilio, Nojiri, Mihoko, Padamsee, Hasan, Perelstein, Maxim, Peskin, Michael E., Poeschl, Roman, Posen, Sam, Robson, Aidan, Strube, Jan, Suehara, Taikan, Tian, Junping, Titov, Maxim, Vos, Marcel, White, Andrew, Wilson, Graham, Yokoya, Kaoru, Zarnecki, Aleksander Filip, Adachi, Ichiro, Agashe, Kaustubh, Jovin, Tatjana Agatonovic, Aihara, Hiroaki, Altmannshofer, Wolfgang, Alves, Daniele, Anguiano, Justin, Aoki, Ken-Ichi, Aoki, Masato, Aoki, Toshihiro, Aoki, Yumi, Arai, Yasuo, Araki, Hayato, Asada, Haruka, Asai, Kento, Asai, Shoji, Attie, David, Baer, Howard, Bagger, Jonathan, Bai, Yang, Bailey, Ian, Barrue, Ricardo, Bartoldus, Rainer, Barzi, Emanuela, Basso, Matthew, Bauerdick, Lothar, Baum, Sebastian, Bellerive, Alain, Belomestnykh, Sergey, Antequera, Jorge Berenguer, Beyer, Jakob, Bhat, Pushpalatha, Bilki, Burak, Black, Kevin, Bloom, Kenneth, Bodwin, Geoffrey, Boisvert, Veronique, Boran, Fatma, Boudry, Vincent, Boughezal, Radja, Boveia, Antonio, Bozovic-Jelisavcic, Ivanka, Brient, Jean-Claude, Brodsky, Stanley, Brunetti, Laurent, Buesser, Karsten, Bulyak, Eugene, Burrows, Philip N., Burt, Graeme C., Cai, Yunhai, Cairo, Valentina, Canepa, Anadi, Celiberto, Francesco Giovanni, Cenni, Enrico, Chacko, Zackaria, Chaikovska, Iryna, Checchin, Mattia, Chen, Lisong, Chen, Thomas Y., Cheng, Hsin Chia, Cho, Gi-Chol, Choudhary, Brajesh, Clarke, Jim, Cline, James, Co, Raymond, Cohen, Timothy, Colas, Paul, Damerell, Chris, Das, Arindam, Dasu, Sridhara, Dawson, Sally, de Blas, Jorge, de Lima, Carlos Henrique, Deandrea, Aldo, Dehmelt, Klaus, Delayen, Jean, Demarteau, Marcel, Denisov, Dmitri, Dermisek, Radovan, Dieguez, Angel, Dohmae, Takeshi, Dopke, Jens, Dort, Katharina, Du, Yong, Dudar, Bohdan, Dutta, Bhaskar, Dutta, Juhi, Einhaus, Ulrich, Elsen, Eckhard, Endo, Motoi, Eremeev, Grigory, Eren, Engin, Erler, Jens, Esarey, Eric, Everett, Lisa, Golfe, Angeles Faus, Garcia, Marcos Fernandez, Foster, Brian, Fourches, Nicolas, Fouz, Mary-Cruz, Fujii, Keisuke, Fujimoto, Junpei, Torregrosa, Esteban Fullan, Furukawa, Kazuro, Fusayasu, Takahiro, Fuster, Juan, Ganjour, Serguei, Gao, Yuanning, Gaur, Naveen, Geng, Rongli, Georgi, Howard, Gherghetta, Tony, Goldstein, Joel, Goncalves, Dorival, Gonski, Julia, Gonzalo, Tomas, Goto, Takeyoshi, Goto, Toru, Graf, Norman, Grames, Joseph, Grannis, Paul, Gray, Lindsey, Grohsjean, Alexander, Gu, Jiayin, Guler, Yalcin, Gutierrez, Phillip, Haba, Junji, Haber, Howard, Hallford, John, Hamaguchi, Koichi, Han, Tao, Hara, Kazuhiko, Harada, Daisuke, Hashimoto, Koji, Hashino, Katsuya, Hayashi, Masahito, Heinrich, Gudrun, Hidaka, Keisho, Higuchi, Takeo, Hinode, Fujio, Hioki, Zenro, Hirose, Minoru, Hiroshima, Nagisa, Hisano, Junji, Hollik, Wolfgang, Homiller, Samuel, Hong, Sungwoo, Hook, Anson, Horii, Yasuyuki, Hoshina, Hiroki, Hristova, Ivana, Huitu, Katri, Hyakutake, Yoshifumi, Iijima, Toru, Ikematsu, Katsumasa, Ilderton, Anton, Inami, Kenji, Irles, Adrian, Ishikawa, Akimasa, Ishiwata, Koji, Ito, Hayato, Ivanov, Igor, Iwamoto, Sho, Iwamoto, Toshiyuki, Iwasaki, Masako, Iwashita, Yoshihisa, Jia, Haoyi, Morales, Fabricio Jimenez, Joshi, Prakash, Jung, Sunghoon, Kacarevic, Goran, Kagan, Michael, Kakizaki, Mitsuru, Kalinowski, Jan, Kaminski, Jochen, Kanaya, Kazuyuki, Kanemura, Shinya, Kanno, Hayato, Kano, Yuya, Kashiwagi, Shigeru, Kato, Yukihiro, Kawada, Nanami, Kawada, Shin-ichi, Kawagoe, Kiyotomo, Khoze, Valery, Kichimi, Hiromichi, Kim, Doojin, Kitahara, Teppei, Kitano, Ryuichiro, Klamka, Jan, Komamiya, Sachio, Kong, K. C., Konomi, Taro, Kotera, Katsushige, Kou, Emi, Kravchenko, Ilya, Kubo, Kiyoshi, Kubo, Takayuki, Kumaoka, Takuya, Kumar, Ashish, Kumar, Nilanjana, Kunath, Jonas, Kundu, Saumyen, Kunitomo, Hiroshi, Kurata, Masakazu, Kuriki, Masao, Kusenko, Alexander, Lagouri, Theodota, Lankford, Andrew J., Lastovicka-Medin, Gordana, Diberder, Francois Le, Lee, Claire, Liepe, Matthias, Linacre, Jacob, Liptak, Zachary, Lomte, Shivani, Low, Ian, Ma, Yang, Maalouf, Hani, MacFarlane, David, Madison, Brendon, Madlener, Thomas, Maeda, Tomohito, Malek, Paul, Mandal, Sanjoy, Markiewicz, Thomas, Marshall, John, Martens, Aurelien, Martin, Victoria, Martinello, Martina, Rivero, Celso Martinez, Maru, Nobuhito, Matheson, John, Matsumoto, Shigeki, Matsunaga, Hiroyuki, Matsuo, Yutaka, Mawatari, Kentarou, Mbagwu, Johnpaul, McIntosh, Peter, McKeown, Peter, Meade, Patrick, Mekala, Krzysztof, Merkel, Petra, Mihara, Satoshi, Miralles, Víctor, Lopez, Marcos Miralles, Mishima, Go, Mishima, Satoshi, Mistlberger, Bernhard, Mitov, Alexander, Miyabayashi, Kenkichi, Miyamoto, Akiya, Mohanty, Gagan, Monaco, Laura, Mondragon, Myriam, Montgomery, Hugh E., Moortgat-Pick, Gudrid, Morange, Nicolas, Llacer, María Moreno, Moretti, Stefano, Mori, Toshinori, Morii, Toshiyuki, Moroi, Takeo, Morrissey, David, Nachman, Benjamin, Nagano, Kunihiro, Nakajima, Jurina, Nakamura, Eiji, Narita, Shinya, Nath, Pran, Nelson, Timothy, Newbold, David, Niki, Atsuya, Nishimura, Yasuhiro, Nishiyama, Eisaku, Nomura, Yasunori, Nowak, Kacper, Nozaki, Mitsuaki, de Vera, María Teresa Nunez Pardo, Ochoa, Ines, Ogata, Masahito, Ohashi, Satoru, Ohta, Hikaru, Ohta, Shigemi, Ohuchi, Norihito, Oide, Hideyuki, Okada, Nobuchika, Okada, Yasuhiro, Okawa, Shohei, Okayasu, Yuichi, Okugawa, Yuichi, Okugi, Toshiyuki, Okui, Takemichi, Okuyama, Yoshitaka, Omet, Mathieu, Omori, Tsunehiko, Ono, Hiroaki, Onoe, Tomoki, Ootani, Wataru, Otono, Hidetoshi, Ozawa, Shuhei, Griso, Simone Pagan, Papa, Alessandro, Paparella, Rocco, Park, Eun-Kyung, Perez, Gilad, Perez-Lorenzana, Abdel, Peters, Yvonne, Petriello, Frank, Piedra, Jonatan, Porod, Werner, Potter, Christopher, Price, Alan, Radkhorrami, Yasser, Reina, Laura, Reuter, Juergen, Richard, Francois, Riemann, Sabine, Rimmer, Robert, Rizzo, Thomas, Robens, Tania, Ruber, Roger, Jimeno, Alberto Ruiz, Saeki, Takayuki, Saha, Ipsita, Saito, Tomoyuki, Sakaguchi, Makoto, Sakai, Tadakatsu, Sakaki, Yasuhito, Sakurai, Kodai, Salvatico, Riccardo, Salvatore, Fabrizio, San, Yik Chuen, Sandick, Pearl, Sanuki, Tomoyuki, Sasikumar, Kollassery Swathi, Schaefer, Oliver, Schaefer, Ruth, Schneekloth, Uwe, Schoerner-Sadenius, Thomas, Schroeder, Carl, Schuster, Philip, Schwartzman, Ariel, Schwienhorst, Reinhard, Sefkow, Felix, Seiya, Yoshihiro, Sekiguchi, Motoo, Sekizawa, Kazuyuki, Senyo, Katsumi, Sert, Hale, Sertore, Danielev, Settles, Ronald, Shafi, Qaisar, Shahdara, Tetsuo, Haghi, Barmak Shams Es, Sharma, Ashish, Shelton, Jessie, Shepherd-Themistocleous, Claire, Shibuya, Hiroto, Shidara, Tetsuo, Shimomura, Takashi, Shindou, Tetsuo, Shoji, Yutaro, Shu, Jing, Sievers, Ian, Simon, Frank, Singh, Rajeev, Soreq, Yotam, Stanitzki, Marcel, Stapnes, Steinar, Steinhebel, Amanda, Stupak, John, Su, Shufang, Suekane, Fumihiko, Sugamoto, Akio, Sugawara, Yuji, Sugimoto, Satoru, Sugimoto, Yasuhiro, Sugiyama, Hiroaki, Sumino, Yukinari, Sundrum, Raman, Suzuki, Atsuto, Suzuki, Shin, Swiatlowski, Maximilian, Tait, Tim M. P., Takahashi, Shota, Takahashi, Tohru, Takeshita, Tohru, Takeuchi, Michihisa, Takubo, Yosuke, Tanabe, Tomohiko, Tanedo, Philip, Tanimoto, Morimitsu, Tao, Shuichiro, Tata, Xerxes, Tauchi, Toshiaki, Taylor, Geoffrey, Terada, Takahiro, Terunuma, Nobuhiro, Thaler, Jesse, Thea, Alessandro, Tillinger, Finn, Timmermans, Jan, Tobioka, Kohsaku, Toda, Kouichi, Tokiyasu, Atsushi, Toma, Takashi, Torndal, Julie, Tosun, Mehmet, Tsai, Yu-Dai, Tseng, Shih-Yen, Tsumura, Koji, Tuckler, Douglas, Uchida, Yoshiki, Uchiyama, Yusuke, Ueda, Daiki, Ukegawa, Fumihiko, Umemori, Kensei, Urakawa, Junji, Vallee, Claude, Vega, Roberto, Velasco, Liliana, Verdu-Andres, Silvia, Vernieri, Caterina, Vila, Anna, Alvarez, Ivan Vila, Vossebeld, Joost, Vsrms, Raghava, Vukasinovic, Natasa, Wackeroth, Doreen, Wakida, Moe, Wang, Liantao, Washio, Masakazu, Watanabe, Takashi, Watson, Nigel, Watts, Gordon, Weiglein, Georg, Wells, James D., Wenskat, Marc, Westhoff, Susanne, White, Glen, Williams, Ciaran, Willocq, Stephane, Wing, Matthew, Winter, Alasdair, Winter, Marc, Wu, Yongcheng, Xie, Keping, Xu, Tao, Yakovlev, Vyacheslav, Yamada, Shuei, Yamamoto, Akira, Yamamoto, Hitoshi, Yamamoto, Kei, Yamamoto, Yasuchika, Yamanaka, Masato, Yamashita, Satoru, Yamatani, Masahiro, Yamatsu, Naoki, Yasui, Shigehiro, Yoda, Takuya, Yonamine, Ryo, Yoshihara, Keisuke, Yoshioka, Masakazu, Yoshioka, Tamaki, Yuasa, Fukuko, Yumino, Keita, Zerwas, Dirk, Zheng, Ya-Juan, Zhou, Jia, Zhu, Hua Xing, Zobov, Mikhail, and Zomer, Fabian

Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

The International Linear Collider (ILC) is on the table now as a new global energy-frontier accelerator laboratory taking data in the 2030s. The ILC addresses key questions for our current understanding of particle physics. It is based on a proven accelerator technology. Its experiments will challenge the Standard Model of particle physics and will provide a new window to look beyond it. This document brings the story of the ILC up to date, emphasizing its strong physics motivation, its readiness for construction, and the opportunity it presents to the US and the global particle physics community., Comment: 356 pages, Large pdf file (40 MB) submitted to Snowmass 2021; v2 references to Snowmass contributions added, additional authors; v3 references added, some updates, additional authors

Published
2022

2. Large-area silica aerogel for use as Cherenkov radiators with high refractive index, developed by supercritical carbon dioxide drying

Author

Tabata, Makoto, Adachi, Ichiro, Hatakeyama, Yoshikiyo, Kawai, Hideyuki, Morita, Takeshi, and Sumiyoshi, Takayuki

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

This study presents the development of large-area (18 $\times $ 18 $\times $ 2 cm$^3$), high refractive index ($n \sim $1.05) hydrophobic silica aerogel tiles for use as Cherenkov radiators. These transparent aerogel tiles will be installed in a Cherenkov detector for the next-generation accelerator-based particle physics experiment Belle II, to be performed at the High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) in Japan. Cracking has been eliminated from the prototype aerogel tiles by improving the supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO$_2$) extraction procedure when drying the wet gel tiles. Finally, a method of mass-producing aerogel tiles for the actual detector was established. It was confirmed that the experimentally manufactured aerogel tiles meet the required optical and hydrophobic characteristics and have a uniform tile density., Comment: Published in Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 14 pages, 14 figures, 3 tables

Published
2016
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3. Recent progress in the development of large area silica aerogel for use as RICH radiator in the Belle II experiment

Author

Tabata, Makoto, Adachi, Ichiro, Kawai, Hideyuki, Nishida, Shohei, and Sumiyoshi, Takayuki

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We report recent progress in the development of large-area hydrophobic silica aerogels for use as radiators in the aerogel-based ring-imaging Cherenkov (A-RICH) counter to be installed in the forward end cap of the Belle II detector, which is currently being upgraded at the High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Japan. The production of approximately 450 aerogel tiles with refractive indices of either 1.045 or 1.055 was completed in May, 2014, and the tiles are now undergoing optical characterization. Installation of the aerogels was tested by installing them into a partial mock-up of the support structure., Comment: Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Technology and Instrumentation in Particle Physics (TIPP 2014), 4 pages, 3 figures

Published
2014

4. Performance and commissioning of HAPDs in the Aerogel RICH counter

Author

Yonenaga, Masanobu, Adachi, Ichiro, Burmistrov, Leonid, Le Diberder, Francois, Dolenec, Rok, Hataya, Koki, Iijima, Toru, Kakimoto, Shiori, Kakuno, Hidekazu, Kawai, Hideyuki, Kawasaki, Takeo, Kindo, Haruki, Kohriki, Takashi, Konno, Tomoyuki, Korpar, Samo, Križan, Peter, Kumita, Tetsuro, Lai, Yun-Tsung, Machida, Masahiro, Mrvar, Manca, Nishida, Shohei, Noguchi, Kouta, Ogawa, Kazuya, Ogawa, Satoru, Pestotnik, Rok, Šantelj, Luka, Shoji, Masayoshi, Sumiyoshi, Takayuki, Tabata, Makoto, Tamechika, Sachi, Yoshizawa, Morihito, and Yusa, Yosuke

Published
2020
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6. Silica aerogel radiator for use in the A-RICH system utilized in the Belle II experiment

Author

Tabata, Makoto, Adachi, Ichiro, Hamada, Nao, Hara, Koji, Iijima, Toru, Iwata, Shuichi, Kakuno, Hidekazu, Kawai, Hideyuki, Korpar, Samo, Križan, Peter, Kumita, Tetsuro, Nishida, Shohei, Ogawa, Satoru, Pestotnik, Rok, Šantelj, Luka, Seljak, Andrej, Sumiyoshi, Takayuki, Tahirović, Elvedin, Yoshida, Keisuke, and Yusa, Yosuke

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

This paper presents recent progress in the development and mass production of large-area hydrophobic silica aerogels for use as radiators in the aerogel-based ring-imaging Cherenkov (A-RICH) counter, which will be installed in the forward end cap of the Belle II detector. The proximity-focusing A-RICH system is especially designed to identify charged kaons and pions. The refractive index of the installed aerogel Cherenkov radiators is approximately 1.05, and we aim for a separation capability exceeding 4$\sigma $ at momenta up to 4 GeV/$c$. Large-area aerogel tiles (over 18 $\times $ 18 $\times $ 2 cm$^3$) were first fabricated in test productions by pin drying in addition to conventional methods. We proposed to fill the large end-cap region (area 3.5 m$^2$) with 124 water-jet-trimmed fan-shaped dual-layer-focusing aerogel combinations of different refractive indices (1.045 and 1.055). Guided by the test production results, we decided to manufacture aerogels by the conventional method and are currently proceeding with mass production. In an electron beam test undertaken at the DESY, we confirmed that the $K$/$\pi $ separation capability of a prototype A-RICH counter exceeded 4$\sigma $ at 4 GeV/$c$., Comment: To be published in Nucl. Instrum. Methods A,, 5 pages, 5 figures

Published
2014
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8. The Aerogel Ring Image Cherenkov Counter for Particle Identification in the Belle II Experiment

Author

Konno, Tomoyuki, Adachi, Ichiro, Dolenec, Rok, Kakuno, Hidekazu, Kawai, Hideyuki, Kindo, Haruki, Korpar, Samo, Križan, Peter, Kumita, Tetsuro, Machida, Masahiro, Mrvar, Manca, Nishida, Shohei, Noguchi, Kouta, Ogawa, Kazuya, Ogawa, Satoru, Pestotnik, Rok, Šantelj, Luka, Sumiyoshi, Takayuki, Tabata, Makoto, Yonenaga, Masanobu, Yoshizawa, Morihito, Yusa, Yosuke, and Liu, Zhen-An, editor

Published
2018
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9. X-ray radiographic technique for measuring density uniformity of silica aerogel

Author

Tabata, Makoto, Hatakeyama, Yoshikiyo, Adachi, Ichiro, Morita, Takeshi, and Nishikawa, Keiko

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

This paper proposes a new X-ray radiographic technique for measuring density uniformity of silica aerogels used as radiator in proximity-focusing ring-imaging Cherenkov detectors. To obtain high performance in a large-area detector, a key characteristic of radiator is the density (i.e. refractive index) uniformity of an individual aerogel monolith. At a refractive index of n = 1.05, our requirement for the refractive index uniformity in the transverse plane direction of an aerogel tile is |\delta (n - 1)/(n - 1)| < 4% in a focusing dual layer radiator (with different refractive indices) scheme. We applied the radiographic technique to evaluate the density uniformity of our original aerogels from a trial production and that of Panasonic products (SP-50) as a reference, and to confirm they have sufficient density uniformity within \pm 1% along the transverse plane direction. The measurement results show that the proposed technique can quantitatively estimate the density uniformity of aerogels., Comment: To be published in Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A, 8 pages, 6 figures, 1 table

Published
2012
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10. Optical and radiographical characterization of silica aerogel for Cherenkov radiator

Author

Tabata, Makoto, Adachi, Ichiro, Hatakeyama, Yoshikiyo, Kawai, Hideyuki, Morita, Takeshi, and Nishikawa, Keiko

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We present optical and X-ray radiographical characterization of silica aerogels with refractive index from 1.05 to 1.07 for a Cherenkov radiator. A novel pin-drying method enables us to produce highly transparent hydrophobic aerogels with high refractive index by shrinking wet-gels. In order to investigate the uniformity in the density (i.e., refractive index) of an individual aerogel monolith, we use the laser Fraunhofer method, an X-ray absorption technique, and Cherenkov imaging by a ring imaging Cherenkov detector in a beam test. We observed an increase in density at the edge of the aerogel tiles, produced by pin-drying., Comment: To be published in IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., 7 pages, 9 figures, 1 table

Published
2012
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11. Recent progress in silica aerogel Cherenkov radiator

Author

Tabata, Makoto, Adachi, Ichiro, Kawai, Hideyuki, Kubo, Masato, and Sato, Takeshi

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

In this paper, we present recent progress in the development of hydrophobic silica aerogel as a Cherenkov radiator. In addition to the conventional method, the recently developed pin-drying method for producing high-refractive-index aerogels with high transparency was studied in detail. Optical qualities and large tile handling for crack-free aerogels were investigated. Sufficient photons were detected from high-performance aerogels in a beam test., Comment: Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Technology and Instrumentation in Particle Physics (TIPP 2011), to be published in Physics Procedia, 8 pages, 7 figures

Published
2012
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12. Development of transparent silica aerogel over a wide range of densities

Author

Tabata, Makoto, Adachi, Ichiro, Ishii, Yoshikazu, Kawai, Hideyuki, Sumiyoshi, Takayuki, and Yokogawa, Hiroshi

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We have succeeded in developing hydrophobic silica aerogels over a wide range of densities (i.e. refractive indices). A pinhole drying method was invented to make possible producing highly transparent aerogels with entirely new region of refractive indices of 1.06-1.26. Obtained aerogels are more transparent than conventional ones, and the refractive index is well controlled in the pinhole drying process. A test beam experiment was carried out in order to evaluate the performance of the pinhole-dried aerogels as a Cherenkov radiator. A clear Cherenkov ring was successfully observed by a ring imaging Cherenkov counter. We also developed monolithic and hydrophobic aerogels with a density of 0.01 g/cm^3 (a low refractive index of 1.0026) as a cosmic dust capturer for the first time. Consequently, aerogels with any refractive indices between 1.0026 and 1.26 can be produced freely., Comment: Proceedings of 1st International Conference on Technology and Instrumentation in Particle Physics (TIPP 2009) in Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A, 3 pages, 6 figures

Published
2011
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13. Hydrophobic silica aerogel production at KEK

Author

Tabata, Makoto, Adachi, Ichiro, Kawai, Hideyuki, Sumiyoshi, Takayuki, and Yokogawa, Hiroshi

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We present herein a characterization of a standard method used at the High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) to produce hydrophobic silica aerogels and expand this method to obtain a wide range of refractive index (n = 1.006-1.14). We describe in detail the entire production process and explain the methods used to measure the characteristic parameters of aerogels, namely the refractive index, transmittance, and density. We use a small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) technique to relate the transparency to the fine structure of aerogels., Comment: To be published in Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A, 9 pages, 10 figures, 1 table

Published
2011
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14. Belle Computing System

Author

Adachi, Ichiro, Hibino, Taisuke, Hinz, Luc, Itoh, Ryosuke, Katayama, Nobu, Nishida, Shohei, Ronga, Frederic, Tsukamoto, Toshifumi, and Yokoyama, Masahiko

Subjects
Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing, B.8.2, C.4
Abstract

We describe the present status of the computing system in the Belle experiment at the KEKB $e^+e^-$ asymmetric-energy collider. So far, we have logged more than 160 fb$^{-1}$ of data, corresponding to the world's largest data sample of 170M $B\bar{B}$ pairs at the $\Upsilon(4S)$ energy region. A large amount of event data has to be processed to produce an analysis event sample in a timely fashion. In addition, Monte Carlo events have to be created to control systematic errors accurately. This requires stable and efficient usage of computing resources. Here we review our computing model and then describe how we efficiently proceed DST/MC productions in our system., Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures, talk given at ACAT03, Tsukuba, KEK, December 1-5, Japan

Published
2004
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15. Measurement of the $\Omega_c^0$ lifetime at Belle II

Author

Abudinen, Fernando Jesus, Adachi, Ichiro, Aggarwal, Latika, Ahmed, Hossain, Aihara, Hiroaki, Akopov, Norayr, Aloisio, Alberto, Nguyen, Anh-Ky, Asner, David Mark, Aushev, Tagir, Aushev, Volodymyr Ye, Bae, Hanwook, Bambade, Philip, Banerjee, Sw., Banerjee, Swagato, Baudot, Jerome, Bauer, Moritz, Beaubien, Alexandre, Becker, Juergen, Behera, Prafulla Kumar, Bennett, Jake, Bernieri, Enrico, Bernlochner, Florian, Bertacchi, Valerio, Bertemes, Michel, Bertholet, Emilie, Bessner, Martin, Bettarini, Stefano, Bhuyan, Bipul, Bianchi, Fabrizio, Bilka, Tadeas, Biswas, Diptaparna, Bodrov, Denis, Bolz, Arthur, Borah, Jyotirmoi, Bozek, Andrzej, Bracko, Marko, Branchini, Paolo, Briere, R. A., Browder, Thomas Earl, Budano, Antonio, Bussino, Severino, Campajola, Marcello, Cao, Lu, Casarosa, Giulia, Cecchi, Claudia, Chang, Ming-Chuan, Cheema, Priyanka, Chekelian, Vladimir, Chen, Yongqing, Chilikin, Kirill, Chirapatpimol, Khem, Cho, HanEol, Cho, Kihyeon, Cho, Sungjin, Choi, Sookyung, Choudhury, Seema, Cinabro, David, Corona, Luigi, Cunliffe, Samuel Thomas, Das, Sanjeeda Bharati, Dattola, Filippo, De La Cruz Burelo, Eduard, De La Motte, Shanette Anne, de Marino, Gaetano, De Nardo, Guglielmo, De Nuccio, Michael, De Pietro, Giacomo, de Sangro, Riccardo, Destefanis, Marco, Dey, Sourav, De Yta Hernandez, Alejandro, Dhamija, Rashmi, Di Canto, Angelo, Di Capua, Francesco, Dingfelder, Jochen, Dolezal, Zdenek, Dominguez Jimenez, Isabel, Dong, Thanh Van, Dorigo, Mirco, Dort, Katharina, Dreyer, Sascha, Dubey, Shawn, Dujany, Giulio, Ecker, Patrick, Eliachevitch, Michael, Epifanov, Denis Alexandrovich, Feichtinger, Paul, Ferber, Torben, Ferlewicz, Daniel, Fillinger, Tristan, Finocchiaro, Giuseppe, Fodor, Andrea, Forti, Francesco, Fulsom, Bryan Gregory, Ganiev, Eldar, Gaur, Vipin, Gaz, Alessandro, Gellrich, Andreas, Ghevondyan, Gayane, Giordano, Raffaele, Giri, Anjan, Glazov, Alexander, Gobbo, Benigno, Godang, Romulus, Goldenzweig, Pablo, Gradl, Wolfgang, Granderath, Svenja Katharina, Graziani, Enrico, Greenwald, Daniel, Gu, Tianping, Guan, Yinghui, Gudkova, Kristina, Guilliams, Justin, Hayasaka, Kiyoshi, Hayashii, Hisaki, Hazra, Sagar, Hearty, Christopher, Heredia de la Cruz, Ivan, Hernandez Villanueva, Michel, Hershenhorn, Alon David, Higuchi, Takeo, Hill, Ewan Chin, Hirata, Hikari, Hohmann, Marcel, Hsu, Chia-Ling, Iijima, Toru, Inami, Kenji, Inguglia, Gianluca, Ipsita, N. Sushree, Ishikawa, Akimasa, Ito, Shintaro, Itoh, Ryosuke, Iwasaki, Masako, Jackson, Paul Douglas, Jacobs, William Wescott, Jaffe, David, Jang, Eunji, Jia, Sen, Jin, Yifan, Joo, Kyung Kwang, Junkerkalefeld, Henrik, Kaliyar, Abdul Basith, Kang, Kookhyun, Karl, Robert, Karyan, Gevorg, Kiesling, Christian, Kim, Cheolhun, Kim, Doris Yangsoo, Kim, Kyungho, Kim, Yongkyu, Kindo, Haruki, Kinoshita, Kay, Kodys, Peter, Koga, Taichiro, Kohani, Shahab, Kojima, Kazuki, Konno, Tomoyuki, Korobov, Alexandr, Korpar, Samo, Kovalenko, Evgeniy, Kowalewski, Robert, Kraetzschmar, Thomas Michael Gerd, Krizan, Peter, Krokovny, Pavel, Kumar, Jitendra, Kumara, Kospalage Janaka, Kunigo, Takuto, Kuzmin, Alexander, Kwon, Youngjoon, Lacaprara, Stefano, Lam, Tommy, Lanceri, Livio, Lange, Jens Soeren, Laurenza, Martina, Lautenbach, Klemens, Leboucher, Robin, Li, Chunhua, Li, Longke, Libby, James Frederick, Lieret, Kilian Adriano, Liptak, Zachary John, Liu, Qingyuan, Liventsev, Dmitri, Longo, Savino, Lozar, Andrej, Lueck, Thomas, Lyu, Chaoyi, Maggiora, Marco, Maiti, Rajesh Kumar, Manfredi, Riccardo, Manoni, Elisa, Marcello, Simonetta, Marinas, Carlos, Martini, Alberto, Martinov, Tommy, Massaccesi, Ludovico, Masuda, Masataka, Maurya, Shubhangi Krishan, McKenna, Janis Anne, Meier, Frank, Merola, Mario, Metzner, Felix, Milesi, Marco, Miller, Caleb, Miyabayashi, Kenkichi, Mizuk, Roman, Mohanty, G. B., Molina-Gonzalez, N., Molina, Norman Wilfrido, Moneta, Stefano, Moser, Hans-Guenther, Mrvar, Manca, Mussa, Roberto, Nakamura, Isamu, Nakao, Mikihiko, Nakayama, Hiroyuki, Nakazawa, Yu, Narimani Charan, Abtin, Naruki, Megumi, Natkaniec, Zbigniew Marian, Natochii, Andrii, Nayak, Lopamudra, Nayak, Minakshi, Nazaryan, Gevorg, Nellikunnummel, Nisar, Ogawa, Satoru, Ono, Hiroaki, Onuki, Yoshiyuki, Oxford, Emma Rollinson, Paladino, Antonio, Panta, Anil, Paoloni, Eugenio, Pardi, Silvio, Park, Hwanbae, Park, Seokhee, Passeri, Antonio, Paul, Stephan Martin, Pedlar, Todd Kristofer, Peruzzi, Ida Marena, Peschke, Richard, Pestotnik, Rok, Piccolo, Marcello, Piilonen, L. E., Podesta lerma, Pedro Luis Manuel, Podobnik, Tomaz, Pokharel, Saroj, Polat, Leonard, Praz, Cyrille, Prell, Soeren, Prencipe, Elisabetta, Prim, Markus Tobias, Purwar, Harsh, Rad, Navid Khandan, Rados, Petar, Raiz, Sebastiano, Ramirez Morales, Andres, Reif, Markus, Reiter, Simon, Remnev, Mikhail, Ripp-Baudot, Isabelle, Rizzo, Giuliana, Robertson, Steven H., Roney, John Michael, Rostomyan, Armine, Rout, Niharika, Russo, Guido, Sanders, David Alan, Sandilya, Saurabh, Sangal, Aman, Sato, Yo, Savinov, Vladimir, Scavino, Bianca, Schueler, Jeff, Schwanda, Christoph, Schwartz, Alan Jay, Schwenker, Benjamin, Seino, Yoshiaki, Selce, Andrea, Senyo, Katsumi, Serrano, Justine, Sevior, Martin Edmund, Sfienti, Concettina, Shen, Chengping, Shi, Xiaodong, Shillington, Trevor, Sibidanov, Alexei, Singh, Jasbir, Skorupa, Justin, Sobie, Randall, Soffer, Abner, Solovieva, Elena, Spataro, Stefano, Spruck, Bjoern, Staric, Marko, Stefkova, Slavomira, Stottler, Zachary Shaun, Stroili, Roberto, Strube, Jan Fridolf, Sumihama, Mizuki, Sumisawa, Kazutaka, Sutcliffe, William, Suzuki, Soh Yamagata, Svidras, Henrikas, Takizawa, Makoto, Tamponi, Umberto, Tanida, Kiyoshi, Tanigawa, Hikaru, Tenchini, Francesco, Thaller, Arthur, Tiwary, Rahul, Tonelli, Diego, Torassa, Ezio, Toutounji, Nadia Ejlal, Trabelsi, Karim, Uchida, Makoto, Ueda, Ikuo, Uematsu, Yuma, Uglov, Timofey, Unger, Kai Lukas, Unno, Yuji, Uno, Kenta, Uno, Shoji, Ushiroda, Yutaka, Vahsen, Sven Einar, van Tonder, Raynette, Varner, Gary, Varvell, Kevin Ernest, Vinokurova, Anna, Vitale, Lorenzo, Vobbilisetti, Vidya Sagar, Wakeling, Hannah Marie, Wang, Erfei, Wang, Min-Zu, Wang, Xiaolong, Warburton, Andreas, Watanabe, Minori, Watanuki, Shun, Welsch, Maximilian, Wessel, Christian, Won, Eunil, Yabsley, Bruce Donald, Yamada, Satoru, Yan, Wenbiao, Yang, Seongbae, Ye, Hua, Yelton, John, Yin, Junhao, Yook, Youngmin, Yoshihara, Keisuke, Yuan, Changzheng, Zani, Laura, Zhang, Yi, Zhilich, Victor, Zhou, Qi-Dong, Zhou, Xing-Yu, Zhukova, Valentina, Zlebcik, Radek, Belle-II Collaboration, Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Belle-II, and HEP, INSPIRE

Subjects
lifetime, Omega, [PHYS.HEXP] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], hadronic decay [Omega/c0], BELLE, annihilation [electron positron], electron positron: colliding beams, Omega/c0: hadronic decay, electron positron: annihilation, pi+, High Energy Physics - Experiment, KEK-B, Omega/c0: lifetime, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], colliding beams [electron positron], ddc:530, charmed baryon, +Omega-+pi%2B%22">Omega/c0 --> Omega- pi+, lifetime [Omega/c0], experimental results
Abstract

Physical review / D 107, L031103 (2023). doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.107.L031103, We report on a measurement of the $\Omega_c^0$ lifetime using $\Omega_c^0 \to \Omega^-\pi^+$ decays reconstructed in $e^+e^-\to c\bar{c}$ data collected by the Belle II experiment and corresponding to $207~{\rm fb^{-1}}$ of integrated luminosity. The result, $\rm\tau(\Omega_c^0)=243\pm48( stat)\pm11(syst)~fs$, agrees with recent measurements indicating that the $\Omega_c^0$ is not the shortest-lived weakly decaying charmed baryon., Published by Inst., Woodbury, NY

Published
2023
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23. The Aerogel RICH detector of the Belle II experiment

Author

Santelj, Luka, primary, Adachi, Ichiro, additional, Burmsistrov, Leonid, additional, Dolenec, Rok, additional, Hataya, Koki, additional, Iijima, Toru, additional, Kakimoto, Shiori, additional, Kakuno, Hidekazu, additional, Kawai, Hideyuki, additional, Kawasaki, Takeo, additional, Kindo, Haruki, additional, Kohriki, Takashi, additional, Konno, Tomoyuki, additional, Korpar, Samo, additional, Kou, Emi, additional, Krizan, Peter, additional, Kumita, Tetsuro, additional, Lai, Yun-Tsung, additional, Machida, Masahiro, additional, Mrvar, Manca, additional, Nishida, Shohei, additional, Noguchi, Kouta, additional, Ogawa, Kazuya, additional, Ogawa, Satoru, additional, Pestotnik, Rok, additional, Shoji, Masayoshi, additional, Sumiyoshi, Takayuki, additional, Tabata, Makoto, additional, Tamechika, Sachi, additional, Yonenaga, Masanobu, additional, Yoshizawa, Morihito, additional, Yusa, Yosuke, additional, and Le Diberder, Francois, additional

Published
2020
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24. Performance Evaluation of the HAPD in the Belle II Aerogel RICH Counter

Author

Yonenaga, Masanobu, primary, Adachi, Ichiro, additional, Burmsistrov, Leonid, additional, Le Diberder, Francois, additional, Dolenec, Rok, additional, Hataya, Koki, additional, Iijima, Toru, additional, Kakimoto, Shiori, additional, Kakuno, Hidekazu, additional, Kawai, Hideyuki, additional, Kawasaki, Takeo, additional, Kindo, Haruki, additional, Kohriki, Takashi, additional, Konno, Tomoyuki, additional, Korpar, Samo, additional, Križan, Peter, additional, Kumita, Tetsuro, additional, Lai, Yun-Tsung, additional, Machida, Masahiro, additional, Mrvar, Manca, additional, Nishida, Shohei, additional, Noguchi, Kouta, additional, Ogawa, Kazuya, additional, Ogawa, Satoru, additional, Pestotnik, Rok, additional, Šantelj, Luka, additional, Shoji, Masayoshi, additional, Sumiyoshi, Takayuki, additional, Tabata, Makoto, additional, Tamechika, Sachi, additional, Yoshizawa, Morihito, additional, and Yusa, Yosuke, additional

Published
2019
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25. Performance Estimation of the Belle II Aerogel RICH Counter in the First Beam Collision

Author

Konno, Tomoyuki, primary, Adachi, Ichiro, additional, Burmsistrov, Leonid, additional, Le Diberder, Francois, additional, Dolenec, Rok, additional, Hataya, Koki, additional, Iijima, Toru, additional, Kakimoto, Shiori, additional, Kakuno, Hidekazu, additional, Kawai, Hideyuki, additional, Kawasaki, Takeo, additional, Kindo, Haruki, additional, Kohriki, Takashi, additional, Korpar, Samo, additional, Križan, Peter, additional, Kumita, Tetsuro, additional, Lai, Yun-Tsung, additional, Machida, Masahiro, additional, Mrvar, Manca, additional, Nishida, Shohei, additional, Noguchi, Kouta, additional, Ogawa, Kazuya, additional, Ogawa, Satoru, additional, Pestotnik, Rok, additional, Šantelj, Luka, additional, Shoji, Masayoshi, additional, Sumiyoshi, Takayuki, additional, Tabata, Makoto, additional, Tamechika, Sachi, additional, Yonenaga, Masanobu, additional, Yoshizawa, Morihito, additional, and Yusa, Yosuke, additional

Published
2019
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26. Aerogel RICH for the Belle II forward PID

Author

Korpar, S., Krizan, P., Pestotnik, R., Santelj, L., Seljak, A., Tahirovic, E., Nishida, Shohei, Adachi, Ichiro, Hamada, Nao, Hara, Koji, Iijima, Toru, Iwata, Shuichi, Kakuno, Hidekazu, Kawai, Hideyuki, Ogawa, Satoru, Sumiyoshi, Takayuki, Tabata, Makoto, Yoshida, Keisuke, and Yusa, Yosuke

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Photon, Spectrometer, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Cherenkov radiation, DESY, Hybrid Avalanche Photo Detector, Belle experiment, Particle identification, law.invention, Nuclear physics, law, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Photonics, Nuclear Experiment, Collider, business, Instrumentation, Aerogel
Abstract

著者人数: 19名, 資料番号: SA1004997000

Published
2014

27. First evidence for cos 2> 0 and resolution of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa Quark-Mixing Unitarity Triangle ambiguity

Author

Adachi, Ichiro, Tanida, Kiyoshi, Belle Collaboration, 他421名, and 421 of others

Abstract

We present first evidence that the cosine of the $CP$-violating weak phase $2\beta$ is positive, and hence exclude trigonometric multifold solutions of the CKM Unitarity Triangle using a time-dependent Dalitz plot analysis of $B^{0} \to D^{(*)} h^{0}$ with $D \to K_{S}^{0} \pi^{+} \pi^{-}$ decays, where $h^{0} \in \{\pi^{0}, \eta, \omega \}$ denotes a light unflavored and neutral hadron. The measurement is performed combining the final data sets of the BaBar and Belle experiments collected at the $\Upsilon(4S)$ resonance at the asymmetric-energy B factories PEP-II at SLAC and KEKB at KEK, respectively. The data samples contain $( 471 \pm 3 )\times 10^6\, B\bar{B}$ pairs recorded by the BaBar detector and $(772 \pm 11)\times 10^6\, B\bar{B}$ pairs recorded by the Belle detector. The results of the measurement are $\sin{2\beta} = 0.80 \pm 0.14 \,(\rm{stat.}) \pm 0.06 \,(\rm{syst.}) \pm 0.03 \,(\rm{model})$ and $\cos{2\beta} = 0.91 \pm 0.22 \,(\rm{stat.}) \pm 0.09 \,(\rm{syst.}) \pm 0.07 \,(\rm{model})$. The result for the direct measurement of the angle $\beta$ of the CKM Unitarity Triangle is $\beta = \left( 22.5 \pm 4.4 \,(\rm{stat.}) \pm 1.2 \,(\rm{syst.}) \pm 0.6 \,(\rm{model}) \right)^{\circ}$. The quoted model uncertainties are due to the composition of the $D^{0} \to K_{S}^{0} \pi^{+} \pi^{-}$ decay amplitude model, which is newly established by performing a Dalitz plot amplitude analysis using a high-statistics $e^{+}e^{-} \to c\bar{c}$ data sample. CP violation is observed in $B^{0} \to D^{(*)} h^{0}$ decays at the level of $5.1$ standard deviations. The significance for $\cos{2\beta} > 0$ is $3.7$ standard deviations. The trigonometric multifold solution $\pi/2 - \beta = (68.1 \pm 0.7)^{\circ}$ is excluded at the level of $7.3$ standard deviations. The measurement resolves an ambiguity in the determination of the apex of the CKM Unitarity Triangle.

Published
2018

28. Measurement of 2beta in B0 D(*) h0 with D KS0 + - decays by a combined time-dependent Dalitz plot analysis of BABAR and Belle data

Author

Adachi, Ichiro, Tanida, Kiyoshi, Belle Collaboration, 他406名, and 406 of others

Abstract

We report measurements of $\sin{2\beta}$ and $\cos{2\beta}$ from a time-dependent Dalitz plot analysis of $B^{0} \to D^{(*)} h^{0}$ with $D \to K_{S}^{0} \pi^{+} \pi^{-}$ decays, where the light unflavored and neutral hadron $h^{0}$ is a $\pi^{0}$, $\eta$, or $\omega$ meson. The analysis is performed with a combination of the final data sets of the BABAR and Belle experiments containing $471 \times 10^{6}$ and $772 \times 10^{6}$ $B\bar{B}$ pairs collected at the $\Upsilon\left(4S\right)$ resonance at the asymmetric-energy B factories PEP-II at SLAC and KEKB at KEK, respectively. We measure $\sin{2\beta} = 0.80 \pm 0.14 \,(\rm{stat.}) \pm 0.06 \,(\rm{syst.}) \pm 0.03 \,(\rm{model})$ and $\cos{2\beta} = 0.91 \pm 0.22 \,(\rm{stat.}) \pm 0.09 \,(\rm{syst.}) \pm 0.07 \,(\rm{model})$. The result for the direct measurement of the angle is $\beta = \left( 22.5 \pm 4.4 \,(\rm{stat.}) \pm 1.2 \,(\rm{syst.}) \pm 0.6 \,(\rm{model}) \right)^{\circ}$. The last quoted uncertainties are due to the composition of the $D^{0} \to K_{S}^{0} \pi^{+} \pi^{-}$ decay amplitude model, which is newly established by a Dalitz plot amplitude analysis of a high-statistics $e^{+}e^{-} \to c\bar{c}$ data sample as part of this analysis. We find the first evidence for $\cos2\beta>0$ at the level of $3.7$ standard deviations. The measurement excludes the trigonometric multifold solution $\pi/2 - \beta = (68.1 \pm 0.7)^{\circ}$ at the level of $7.3$ standard deviations and therefore resolves an ambiguity in the determination of the apex of the CKM Unitarity Triangle. The hypothesis of $\beta = 0^{\circ}$ is ruled out at the level of $5.1$ standard deviations, and thus $CP$ violation is observed in $B^{0} \to D^{(*)} h^{0}$ decays.

Published
2018

29. Study of 144-channel hybrid avalanche photo-detector for Belle II RICH counter

Author

Dolenec, Rok, Korpar, Samo, Krizan, Peter, Pestotnik, Rok, Santelj, Luka, Tagai, Rie, Shiizuka, Susumu, Adachi, Ichiro, Hara, Koji, Iijima, Toru, Ikeda, Hirokazu, Imamura, Miki, Iwata, Syuuichi, Kumita, Tetsuro, Kuroda, Eiryo, Nishida, Shohei, Ogawa, Satoru, Sumiyoshi, Takayuki, and Tabata, Makoto

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Detector, Photodetector, Ring-imaging Cherenkov detector, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Upgrade, KEKB, law, Cathode ray, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Optoelectronics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Collider, business, Instrumentation, Beam (structure)
Abstract

著者人数: 19名, 資料番号: SA1002757000

Published
2011

30. Silica aerogel radiator for use in the A-RICH system utilized in the Belle II experiment

Author

Korpar, Samo, Krizan, Peter, Pestotnik, Rok, Santelj, Luka, Seljak, Andrej, Tahirovic, Elvedin, Tabata, Makoto, Adachi, Ichiro, Hamada, Nao, Hara, Koji, Iijima, Toru, Iwata, Shuichi, Kakuno, Hidekazu, Kawai, Hideyuki, Kumita, Tetsuro, Nishida, Shohei, Ogawa, Satoru, Sumiyoshi, Takayuki, Yoshida, Keisuke, and Yusa, Yosuke

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Silica aerogel, Pin drying, FOS: Physical sciences, Particle detector, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Optics, Belle II, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Instrumentation, Nuclear Experiment, RICH, Cherenkov radiation, Hydrophobic silica, Physics, Cherenkovradiator, business.industry, Aerogel, DESY, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Measuring instrument, Radiator (engine cooling), High Energy Physics::Experiment, business, Refractive index
Abstract

This paper presents recent progress in the development and mass production of large-area hydrophobic silica aerogels for use as radiators in the aerogel-based ring-imaging Cherenkov (A-RICH) counter, which will be installed in the forward end cap of the Belle II detector. The proximity-focusing A-RICH system is especially designed to identify charged kaons and pions. The refractive index of the installed aerogel Cherenkov radiators is approximately 1.05, and we aim for a separation capability exceeding 4$\sigma $ at momenta up to 4 GeV/$c$. Large-area aerogel tiles (over 18 $\times $ 18 $\times $ 2 cm$^3$) were first fabricated in test productions by pin drying in addition to conventional methods. We proposed to fill the large end-cap region (area 3.5 m$^2$) with 124 water-jet-trimmed fan-shaped dual-layer-focusing aerogel combinations of different refractive indices (1.045 and 1.055). Guided by the test production results, we decided to manufacture aerogels by the conventional method and are currently proceeding with mass production. In an electron beam test undertaken at the DESY, we confirmed that the $K$/$\pi $ separation capability of a prototype A-RICH counter exceeded 4$\sigma $ at 4 GeV/$c$., Comment: To be published in Nucl. Instrum. Methods A,, 5 pages, 5 figures

Published
2014
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33. Silica aerogel radiator for use in the A-RICH system utilized in the Belle II experiment

Author

Tabata, Makoto, primary, Adachi, Ichiro, additional, Hamada, Nao, additional, Hara, Koji, additional, Iijima, Toru, additional, Iwata, Shuichi, additional, Kakuno, Hidekazu, additional, Kawai, Hideyuki, additional, Korpar, Samo, additional, Križan, Peter, additional, Kumita, Tetsuro, additional, Nishida, Shohei, additional, Ogawa, Satoru, additional, Pestotnik, Rok, additional, Šantelj, Luka, additional, Seljak, Andrej, additional, Sumiyoshi, Takayuki, additional, Tahirović, Elvedin, additional, Yoshida, Keisuke, additional, and Yusa, Yosuke, additional

Published
2014
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