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22 results on '"Adalet Gürlek"'

1. Effect of fenofibrate on serum nitric oxide levels in patients with hypertriglyceridemia

Author

Ömer Faruk Çiçek, Adalet Gürlek, Kerim Esenboğa, Pelin Aribal Ayral, Ahmet Afşin Oktay, Selçuk Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Cerrahi Tıp Bilimleri Bölümü, and Çiçek, Ömer Faruk.

Subjects
Adult, 030213 general clinical medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Very low-density lipoprotein, medicine.drug_class, hypertriglyceridemia, Medicine (miscellaneous), Fibrate, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Nitric oxide, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Double-Blind Method, Fenofibrate, nitric oxide, Internal medicine, Hyperlipidemia, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Triglycerides, Genetics (clinical), Aged, Hypolipidemic Agents, Aged, 80 and over, fibrate, Triglyceride, business.industry, Hypertriglyceridemia, nutritional and metabolic diseases, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Treatment Outcome, Endocrinology, chemistry, Reviews and References (medical), lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), business, Lipoprotein, medicine.drug
Abstract

WOS: 000478731100013, PubMed: 31237119, Background. Fenofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR alpha) agonist, is used to treat patients with hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia in order to reduce the risk of development of the atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. However, it exerts pleiotropic effects beyond correcting atherogenic dyslipidemia to treat hypercholesterolemia. Objectives. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential effects of fenofibrate on endothelial function by analyzing the serum nitric oxide (NO) levels in patients with hypertriglyceridemia. Material and methods. Lipid profiles and serum NO levels were assessed in 56 healthy adults aged 29 to 84 years, before and after 12 weeks of fenofibrate (250 mg/d; n = 30) or placebo (n = 26). Appropriate dietary suggestions for hypertriglyceridemia were made for all patients. This study was randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled in design. Results. Total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and triglyceride levels significantly decreased; high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and NO levels significantly increased after 12 weeks of fenofibrate therapy. We observed a statistically significant correlation between the increase in serum NO levels and decrease in serum triglyceride levels (r = -0.42, p = 0.02) in the fenofibrate group. Conclusions. The positive effect of short-term fenofibrate treatments on vascular endothelial functions in patients with hypertriglyceridemia has been demonstrated by increasing the serum NO levels. Agents such as fenofibrate targeting PPAR alpha-associated signaling pathways show promise as an alternative treatment of vascular dysfunction related to advanced age and hyperlipidemia., Association of Turkish Clinical Vascular Biology

Published
2019

2. Relation of vitamin D deficiency and new–onset atrial fibrillation among hypertensive patients

Author

Eren Gursoy, Demet Menekşe Gerede, Özgür Ulaş Özcan, Adalet Gürlek, and Çetin Erol

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Sensitivity and Specificity, vitamin D deficiency, Coronary artery disease, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Atrial Fibrillation, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Heart Atria, Risk factor, Aged, Ultrasonography, business.industry, Age Factors, Case-control study, Atrial fibrillation, Odds ratio, Vitamin D Deficiency, medicine.disease, Pathophysiology, Case-Control Studies, Heart failure, Hypertension, Cardiology, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract

Vitamin D deficiency is associated with various cardiovascular disorders including hypertension, coronary artery disease, and heart failure. The renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAS) axis is activated in vitamin D deficiency. The RAS axis also plays a role in the pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation (AF). We aimed to investigate whether vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for the development of new–onset AF in hypertension. A total of 227 hypertensive patients were enrolled, of whom 137 had new–onset AF; 90 patients without AF were included in the control group. The age of the patient, left atrial diameter, and vitamin D deficiency increased the probability of new–onset AF independent from confounding factors (odds ratio [OR], 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–1.08; P = .03 for age; OR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.15–3.45; P = .03 for left atrial diameter; OR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.18–2.64; P = .03 for vitamin D deficiency). Vitamin D deficiency is associated with new–onset AF in hypertension.

Published
2015

3. Management of Pulmonary Artery Aneurysm and Intracardiac Thrombus in a Young Male With Behçet’s Disease

Author

Adalet Gürlek, Irem Muge Akbulut, Görkem Yildiz, Özgür Ulaş Özcan, Eralp Tutar, and Çetin Erol

Subjects
Pulmonary artery aneurysm, medicine.medical_specialty, Intracardiac thrombus, Cyclophosphamide, business.industry, Azathioprine, Behcet's disease, medicine.disease, Rheumatology, Internal medicine, cardiovascular system, Cardiology, Medicine, cardiovascular diseases, Radiology, Thrombus, business, Complication, Young male, medicine.drug
Abstract

Pulmonary artery aneurysm associated with intracardiac thrombus is a rare complication of Behcet’s disease. In this article, we report a 26-yearold male admitted with massive hemoptysis. Pulmonary computed tomography angiogram demonstrated pulmonary artery aneurysm with thrombus. Echocardiography revealed a mobile right ventricular thrombus. The patient was treated with corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, and colchicine without anticoagulant therapy. During follow-up, pulmonary artery aneurysm regressed, and no bleeding or thromboembolic event was observed.

Published
2014

4. Comparison of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Beta Blockers in Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation Recurrences After Electrical Cardioversion

Author

Timuçin Altın, Adalet Gürlek, Çağdaş Özdöl, Mustafa Kılıçkap, İrem Dinçer, Sibel Turhan, and Çetin Erol

Subjects
angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, lcsh:R5-920, cardioversion, beta blockers, lcsh:Medicine (General), Atrial fibrillation
Abstract

Aim: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and beta blockers were shown to be effec-tive in prevention of atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrences after electrical cardioversion, by interfering with atrial structural and electrical remodeling. In this study, we aimed to compare the effects of ACE inhibitor cilazapril and beta blocker metoprolol after cardioversion of AF in terms of sinus rhythm maintenance.Patients and Methods: The study population comprised 120 patients with persistent atrial fibril-lation (>7 days) who underwent successful cardioversion. Randomization into 3 groups was done after successful cardioversion. Group I (n=41) was treated with amiodarone, group II (n=41) was treated with amiodarone plus metoprolol, and group III (n=38) was treated with amiodarone plus cilazapril. The primary end-point of the study was the recurrence rates between groups at one year and with those who recurred, the time to recurrence of AF.Results: After 1 year follow-up, maintenance of sinus rhythm were similar among groups (Kaplan-Meier analysis, 24%, 37% and 26% respectively; log rank=0.3). There was no difference among groups with respect to time to recurrence of AF.Conclusion: Patients treated with amiodarone only, amiodarone plus metoprolol and amiodaro-ne plus cilazapril had similar rates of recurrence of AF.

Published
2007

5. Association Between Anticardiolipin Antibodies and Recurrent Cardiac Events in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome

Author

Adalet Gürlek, Irem Dincer, Derviş Oral, Hüseyin Tutkak, Gülgün Pamir, and Cagdas Ozdol

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Acute coronary syndrome, Myocardial Infarction, Coronary Restenosis, chemistry.chemical_compound, Restenosis, Predictive Value of Tests, Recurrence, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Cardiolipin, Humans, Medicine, In patient, Angina, Unstable, Prospective Studies, Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary, Aged, biology, business.industry, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Thrombosis, chemistry, Antibodies, Anticardiolipin, biology.protein, Cardiology, Population study, Female, Stents, Anticardiolipin antibodies, Antibody, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

To determine whether the presence of anticardiolipin (aCL) antibodies in patients with acute coronary syndrome is predictive of recurrent cardiac events in hospital stay and follow-up. The study population consisted of 80 patients with acute coronary syndrome. IgM and IgG aCL levels were determined before hospital discharge. We divided the patients into those with an aCL IgGor= 40 IgG phospholipid units (group I, n = 30) and those with an aCL IgG40 IgG phospholipid units (group II, n = 50). All patients underwent coronary angiography. Follow-up coronary angiography was performed 12 months after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Infectious and autoimmune diseases were exclusion criteria. Patients were observed to determine overall mortality, reinfarction, and restenosis. There were no differences between the groups with respect to the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cigarette smoking, sex, or ejection fraction. The prevalence of left ventricular thrombus was similar between the groups (group I: 16% versus group II: 16.7%, P0.05). Although the presence of left atrial thrombus was much more frequent in cardiolipin positive patients (13% versus 4%, respectively), the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.19). Restenosis was observed in 40% of the cardiolipin positive patients and 14% of the cardiolipin negative patients (P0.01). There was no significant association between reinfarction and anticardiolipin positivity during follow-up (26% versus 10%, P0.05). In group I patients, in-hospital mortality was somewhat more frequent compared to group II patients (4% versus 10%), but the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.27). One year mortality was similar between the groups. These results suggest that 1) restenosis occurs more frequently in anticardiolipin positive patients and 2) no association is evident between positive aCL and mortality, reinfarction, and intracardiac thrombus.

Published
2005

6. Serum nitric oxide level in patients with coronary artery ectasia

Author

Özgür Ulaş Özcan, Ömer Faruk Çiçek, Çetin Erol, Güzin Özelçi Kavas, Kerim Esenboğa, Pelin Aribal Ayral, and Adalet Gürlek

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, coronary artery, medicine.medical_treatment, Coronary Artery Disease, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Revascularization, Coronary Angiography, Nitric Oxide, Nitric oxide, ectasia, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Text mining, Ectasia, Internal medicine, Humans, Medicine, In patient, Prospective Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Risk factor, Endothelial dysfunction, Letter to the Editor, Original Investigation, Aged, Receiver operating characteristic, business.industry, valvular heart disease, Coronary artery ectasia, Coronary Aneurysm, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Coronary Vessels, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Case-Control Studies, Cardiology, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Biomarkers, Artery, Dilatation, Pathologic
Abstract

Objective: Serum levels of nitric oxide (NO) are decreased in patients with atherosclerosis and also are a risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis. Endothelial dysfunction and diffuse atherosclerosis have been proposed for the etiology of coronary artery ectasia (CAE). The purpose of this clinical trial was to determine the relationship between CAE and serum NO levels. Methods: This prospective controlled study was conducted between January 2008 and March 2012. Serum levels of NO were compared in 40 patients with CAE (mean age 60.1±7.3 years) and 40 patients with normal coronary arteries (mean age 57.6±5 years) as a control group. CAE was diagnosed when a segment of coronary artery was more than 1.5 times the diameter of the adjacent healthy segment. Patients with stenotic atherosclerotic plaques, slow coronary flow, previous history of revascularization, acute coronary syndromes, left ventricular dysfunction, valvular heart disease, and systemic diseases were not included in the study. The effect of NO on the outcome was studied by constructing a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve with CAE as the primary variable. Effects of different variables on CAE were calculated using binary logistics regression analysis. Results: Serum NO concentrations were significantly lower in patients with CAE than in the control group (42.1±20.1 µmol/L vs. 77.3±15.7 µmol/L, p

Published
2017

7. Kartagener’s syndrome with dextrocardia and corrected transposition of great arteries

Author

Adalet Gürlek, Ibrahim Tek, and Irem Dincer

Subjects
Dextrocardia, medicine.medical_specialty, S syndrome, Conduction abnormalities, Lung, business.industry, Corrected transposition, medicine.disease, medicine.anatomical_structure, Great arteries, Internal medicine, medicine, Cardiology, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Sinusitis, business
Abstract

Kartegener syndrome is characterized with sinusitis, bronchiectasia and dextrocardia. There may be rhythm and conduction abnormalities. Due to the cilial dysfunction lung abscesses and disorders of sperm motilities may also be seen. Additional cardiac abnormalities is very rare. We reported a case with Kartagener's syndrome with a corrected transposition.

Published
2000

8. The effects of L-carnitine treatment on left ventricular function and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy

Author

Derviş Oral, Çetin Erol, Eralp Tutar, Adalet Gürlek, Pelin Aribal Kocatürk, Ethem Akcil, and Irem Dincer

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Erythrocytes, Myocardial Ischemia, Digitalis, Gastroenterology, Ventricular Function, Left, law.invention, Randomized controlled trial, law, Carnitine, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Aged, Ischemic cardiomyopathy, Ejection fraction, biology, Red Cell, Superoxide Dismutase, business.industry, Middle Aged, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Surgery, Enzyme inhibitor, Heart failure, biology.protein, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

We studied the effects of L-carnitine on left ventricular systolic function and the erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity in 51 patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. They all previously were under the treatment of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, digitalis and diuretics. Patients were randomized into two groups. In group I (n=31), 2 g/day L-carnitine was added to therapy. L-Carnitine was not given to the other 20 patients (Group II). In group I (mean age 64.3+/-7.8 years), 27 of the patients were men, and four were women. In group II (mean age 66.2+/-8.7 years), 17 of the patients were men, and three were women. Twenty age-matched healthy subjects (mean age: 60.1+/-5.3 years) constituted the control group. In each group, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) by echocardiography and red cell superoxide dismutase activity by spectrophotometric method were measured initially and after 1 month of randomisation. Compared with normal healthy subjects (n=20), patients (n=51) had significantly higher red cell SOD activity (5633+/-1225 vs. 3202+/-373 U/g Hb, P

Published
2000

9. Restenosis after transluminal coronary angioplasty: a risk factor analysis

Author

K Omürlü, Adalet Gürlek, Z Dağalp, Çetin Erol, Derviş Oral, Eralp Tutar, and T. Akyol

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Epidemiology, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, medicine.disease, Balloon, Coronary artery disease, Restenosis, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, Angioplasty, medicine, Cardiology, Myocardial infarction complications, cardiovascular diseases, Myocardial infarction, Risk factor, business, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Abstract

Background: Restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is a major problem limiting the long-term efficacy of the procedure. The purpose of this study was to determine whether risk factors such as cigarette smoking, diabetes mellitus, hypertension or hypercholesterolaemia correlate with restenosis after PTCA. We also studied the relationship between a history of previous myocardial infarction and the extent of coronary artery disease (single-, two- or three-vessel) with restenosis after coronary angioplasty.Methods: A total of 360 patients underwent successful PTCA. Follow-up coronary angiograms were performed in 181 patients after a mean ± SD period of 6 ± 4 months.Results: The restenosis rate was 49%. We divided the patients into two groups: 89 patients with restenosis (8 women and 81 men) and 92 patients with no restenosis (14 women and 78 men). Age, sex, a history of cigarette smoking, diabetes mellitus and a history of previous myocardial infarction were not associated with...

Published
1995

10. Significance of resting U wave polarity in patients with atherosclerotic heart disease

Author

Gülgün Pamir, Derviş Oral, Adalet Gürlek, and Turhan Akyol

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Heart disease, Myocardial Infarction, Coronary Artery Disease, Angina, Electrocardiography, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Angina, Unstable, cardiovascular diseases, Myocardial infarction, Ejection fraction, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Unstable angina, Stroke Volume, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Coronary Vessels, Coronary arteries, medicine.anatomical_structure, U wave, Cardiology, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the value of U wave polarity in the electrocardiograms of patients with atherosclerotic heart disease. One hundred twelve consecutive patients with U waves were entered into the study. Forty-eight of them had unstable angina pectoris and 64 had prior myocardial infarction (MI) (20 patients had inferior MI, 35 had anterior MI, and 9 had non Q wave MI). Each of these subgroups was divided into two groups with positive (group 1) and negative (group 2) U waves. All patients in this study underwent routine left ventriculography and coronary angiography. The authors examined coronary arteries and calculated ejection fractions. The authors discovered that patients with unstable angina pectoris or anterior MI (group 2) had three-vessel disease more frequently (P < .05). Also, in these patients, there was more than 90% diameter narrowing in the left anterior descending vessel more frequently (P < .001 in unstable angina pectoris and P < .05 in anterior MI). In patients with unstable angina pectoris, inferior MI, or anterior MI, the authors observed that the ejection fraction was lower in group 2 than in group 1 (P < .001 in unstable angina pectoris, P < .05 in inferior MI, and P < .05 in anterior MI). The authors suggest that negative U waves in patients with unstable angina pectoris or anterior MI may indicate multivessel disease with a severe left anterior descending lesion. Also, in patients with unstable angina pectoris, inferior MI, or anterior MI who had negative U waves, ejection fraction was reduced.

Published
1994

11. Antiarrhytmic effect of converting enzyme inhibitors in congestive heart failure

Author

Erbil Basesme, Çetin Erol, and Adalet Gürlek

Subjects
Male, Cardiac Complexes, Premature, Digoxin, medicine.medical_specialty, Heart disease, Ventricular tachycardia, Ventricular Function, Left, Placebos, Double-Blind Method, Enalapril, Heart Rate, Internal medicine, Humans, Medicine, Sinus rhythm, cardiovascular diseases, Aged, Heart Failure, business.industry, Furosemide, Arrhythmias, Cardiac, Atrial fibrillation, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Myocardial Contraction, Heart failure, Electrocardiography, Ambulatory, Potassium, Tachycardia, Ventricular, cardiovascular system, Cardiology, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, circulatory and respiratory physiology, medicine.drug
Abstract

In this study 24-h Holter electrocardiographic recordings were used to measure the effects of an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, enalapril given for 4 weeks, on the frequency of cardiac arrhythmias in 24 patients (14 patients had enalapril, 30 patients had placebo) with congestive heart failure (New York Heart Association Functional Class 3) receiving maintenance therapy with digoxin and furosemide. Although the placebo group had no change in the frequence of arrhythmias, enalapril-treated patients showed significant decrease in the frequency of premature ventricular complexes couplet, bigemine VPS and ventricular tachycardia. Moreover, it was observed that six cases of atrial fibrillation returned to sinus rhythm. During enalapril treatment, some, patients experienced increased serum potassium levels, but there was no change in serum digoxin levels. We also observed echocardiographic improvement in left ventricular function as well as clinical symptoms of congestive heart failure. Finally we observed that there was an antiarrhythmic effect of enalapril in congestive heart failure. We thought that the antiarrhythmic effect of enalapril in congestive heart failure was probably due to hemodynamic improvement.

Published
1994

12. Türk hipertansiyon hastalarında mikroalbuminüri sıklığı ve ilişkili kardiyovasküler risk faktörleri

Author

V Çam, M Etemoglu, Sebahattin Ateşal, E Koçak, Bulent Polat, Meral Kayıkçıoğlu, Yekta Gürlertop, Cem Köz, Ö Özbek, H Yegin, Ceyhun Ceyhan, K Dönmez, B Tosun, H Atmaca, G Dönmez, B. ilerigelen, H Bozdemir, I Biyik, A Sökmen, F Koca, Kenan Övünç, Ramazan Topsakal, Sadi Gulec, O Tartanoglu, Kurtulus Ozdemir, A Fiskeci, E Akarca, Ahmet Sakalli, A Yavuz, M Bilaloglu, Giray Kabakci, T Keleş, F K Inceer, H Tunar, Ş Coşkun, M Şan, S C Turan, Serkan Topaloglu, Irem Dincer, S Yorganci, R Yoldaş, Ömer Kozan, I T Kurt, Mehmet İlker Gökçe, Hakan Kültürsay, A Yilmaz, C Genç, M Ö Sunay, K Tigen, A Sinci, T Ulusoy, Şükrü Ünal, Filiz Özerkan, Sinan Aydoğdu, H Bozkurt, N S Aran, Ercan Varol, O Sancaktar, A Delice, H Tikiz, Emin Evren Özcan, Fatih Sinan Ertaş, H Kaymak, E Semiz, C Rezzagil, I Susal, N Çam, F Özmen, Vedat Aytekin, S Çolak, A Keskin, E Acartürk, N Ata, Oben Döven, H Boga, H Vural, E Şensoy, A Lazoglu, I Özdogru, Y Balbay, Dursun Aras, J Jordan, Dilek Yeşilbursa, H Akgöz, E Onrat, Y Selçoki, Dilek Ural, R Uçar, Sinan Kahraman, H Gök, M T Sirkeci, T Peker, M Bilge, Mehmet Metin Seker, C Agçal, D Aytekin, S Toktaş, A Birdane, Y Yakar, A H Sözcüer, U Sümerkan, S Sakalli, Mehmet Oc, N Sönmez, M Bostan, A Akyüz, Adnan Abaci, V Koca, K Şahna, K Aytemir, Yuksel Cavusoglu, M Tahtasiz, Adalet Gürlek, O Ergene, V Gökçe, I Dogru, M Dagalp, Cuneyt Turkoglu, Ramazan Akdemir, C Uyan, Ahmet Vural, R Kargin, Enver Atalar, A Ünsal, A Bitigen, T T Gündogdu, Kaan Kulan, B Erol, A U Gülmez, Merih Kutlu, K Öztaş, I Tandogan, A Karanfil, Mustafa Polat, S Cinsoy, A Sert, M Çakmak, Ali Ergin, T Durmaz, A Aydinlar, P Pinar, A Kerpeten, Serdar Sevimli, Saide Aytekin, C Nazli, T Kirat, Zeynep Tartan, H Atasever, A Çamsari, A Aribaş, N Keser, Aydan Ongun Ozdemir, N Coşkun, Mehmet Yazici, Y Erzurum, Nevrez Koylan, Mustafa Yilmaz, M Ş Güçel, A E Kiliçoglu, O H Elönü, A Köşüş, G Topkara, G Daş, L Saraç, M Melek, D Gaffari, A Bayram, Z Tosun, K Kaya, Mahmut Şahin, Z Işilak, A Içli, Necla Ozer, Mustafa Kılıçkap, E Aygün, H Gündüz, H Öney, A Daver, Z Kaplan, M Gürsürer, Huseyin Arinc, A Irmak, Osman Alper Onbasili, F V Ulusoy, Mehmet Ridvan Yalcin, M Şerifi, Ahmet Temizhan, Ahmet Çelik, C Kirdar, S Mecit, Cihan Örem, A Güven, Kozan, Ö., Dokuz Eylül University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Izmir, Turkey -- Özcan, E.E., Izmir Hospital, Izmir, Turkey -- Sancaktar, O., Istanbul Şafak Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey, Akdeniz University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Antalya, Turkey -- Kabakci, G., Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey -- Sözcüer, A.H., Merkez Efendi State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Manisa, Turkey -- Kerpeten, A., Kütahya State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Kütahya, Turkey -- Delice, A., Kizilay Health Center, Cardiology Polyclinic, Kayseri, Turkey -- Içli, A., Konya Municipality Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Konya, Turkey -- Sökmen, A., Sütçü Imam University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey -- Gürlek, A., Ankara University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Ibn-i Sina Hospital, Ankara, Turkey -- Abaci, A., Gazi University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey -- Bayram, A., Erzurum Numune State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Erzurum, Turkey -- Köşüş, A., Ordu Medical Center, 19 Eylül Internal Diseases Polyclinic, Ordu, Turkey -- Çamsari, A., Mersin University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Mersin, Turkey -- Sakalli, A., Afyon State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Afyon, Turkey -- Sert, A., Beypazari State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey -- Temizhan, A., Ankara Yüksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey -- Yilmaz, A., Cumhuriyet University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Sivas, Turkey -- Daver, A., Antalya State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Antalya, Turkey -- Aydinlar, A., Uludag University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Bursa, Turkey -- Ergin, A., Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Kayseri, Turkey -- Kiliçoglu, A.E., Elazig State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Elazig, Turkey -- Birdane, A., Osmangazi University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Eskişehir, Turkey -- Aribaş, A., Konya Numune State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Konya, Turkey -- Lazoglu, A., Intermed Medical Center, Cardiology Clinic, Alanya, Antalya, Turkey -- Özdemir, A., 1 Eylül State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Uşak, Turkey -- Fiskeci, A., Balikesir State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Balikesir, Turkey -- Çelik, A., Afyon Kocatepe University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Afyon, Turkey -- Bitigen, A., Kartal Koşuyolu Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey -- Keskin, A., Akhisar State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Manisa, Turkey -- Yavuz, A., Kartal Koşuyolu Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey -- Akyüz, A., Sultan 1. Izzettin Keykavuş State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Sivas, Turkey -- Karanfil, A., Fatih University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey -- Ünsal, A., Gölcük State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Kocaeli, Turkey -- Sinci, A., Bilecik State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Bilecik, Turkey -- Gülmez, A.U., Pamukkale State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Denizli, Turkey -- Irmak, A., Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey -- Vural, A., Toros State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Mersin, Turkey -- Güven, A., Sütçü Imam University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey -- Ilerigelen, B., Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey -- Erol, B., Giresun State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Giresun, Turkey -- Polat, B., Polatli Duatepe State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey -- Tosun, B., Aydin 82. Yil State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Aydin, Turkey -- Agçal, C., Isparta State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Isparta, Turkey -- Genç, C., Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey -- Kirdar, C., Eskişehir State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Eskişehir, Turkey -- Rezzagil, C., Şevket Yilmaz State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Bursa, Turkey -- Köz, C., Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey -- Nazli, C., Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Izmir, Turkey -- Ceyhan, C., Adnan Menderes University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Aydin, Turkey -- Örem, C., Karadeniz Technical University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Trabzon, Turkey -- Uyan, C., Abant Izzet Baysal University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Bolu, Turkey -- Türkoglu, C., Ege University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Izmir, Turkey -- Gaffari, D., Kizilay Health Center, Cardiology Polyclinic, Üsküdar, Istanbul, Turkey -- Aytekin, D., Salihli Public Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Manisa, Turkey -- Ural, D., Kocaeli University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Kocaeli, Turkey -- Yeşilbursa, D., Uludag University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Bursa, Turkey -- Aras, D., Ankara Yüksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey -- Semiz, E., Pamukkale University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Denizli, Turkey -- Koçak, E., Evliya Çelebi State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Kütahya, Turkey -- Atalar, E., Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey -- Varol, E., Süleyman Demirel University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Isparta, Turkey -- Onrat, E., Afyon Kocatepe University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Afyon, Turkey -- Şensoy, E., Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey -- Acartürk, E., Çukurova University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Adana, Turkey -- Akarca, E., Nazilli State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Aydin, Turkey -- Aygün, E., Bafra State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Samsun, Turkey -- Ertaş, F.S., Ankara University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey -- Koca, F., Alsancak State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Izmir, Turkey -- Özmen, F., Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey -- Ulusoy, F.V., Ankara Numune Hospital, 2nd Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey -- Özerkan, F., Ege University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Izmir, Turkey -- Inceer, F.K., Çorum State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Çorum, Turkey -- Dönmez, G., Bakirköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey -- Topkara, G., Bandirma State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Balikesir, Turkey -- Daş, G., 82. Yil State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Adiyaman, Turkey -- Bozkurt, H., Antakya State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Antakya, Turkey -- Kültürsay, H., Ege University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Izmir, Turkey -- Tikiz, H., Celal Bayar University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Manisa, Turkey -- Akgöz, H., Siyami Ersek Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey -- Kaymak, H., Tarsus State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Mersin, Turkey -- Öney, H., Artvin State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Artvin, Turkey -- Yegin, H., Antalya State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Antalya, Turkey -- Boga, H., Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Fatma Timurçin Heart Center, Adana, Turkey -- Gök, H., Selçuk State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Izmir, Turkey -- Vural, H., Vedat Ali Özkan State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Kayseri, Turkey -- Atasever, H., Adapazari State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Adapazari, Turkey -- Arinç, H., Izzet Baysal University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Düzce, Turkey -- Bozdemir, H., Buca Seyfi Demirsoy State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Izmir, Turkey -- Gündüz, H., Izzet Baysal University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Düzce, Turkey -- Tunar, H., Salihli State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Manisa, Turkey -- Atmaca, H., Siyami Ersek Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey -- Dogru, I., Çukurova State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Adana, Turkey -- Özdogru, I., Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Kayseri, Turkey -- Susal, I., Karşiyaka State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Izmir, Turkey -- Kurt, I.T., Atakalp Heart Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Izmir, Turkey -- Dinçer, I., Ankara University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey -- Biyik, I., Uşak State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Uşak, Turkey -- Tandogan, I., Cumhuriyet University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Sivas, Turkey -- Jordan, J., Uludag University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Bursa, Turkey -- Kulan, K., Trabzon Numune State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Trabzon, Turkey -- Şahna, K., Ordu State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ordu, Turkey -- Öztaş, K., Samsun State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Samsun, Turkey -- Dönmez, K., Manavgat State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Antalya, Turkey -- Övünç, K., Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey -- Kaya, K., Bursa State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Bursa, Turkey -- Aytemir, K., Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey -- Özdemir, K., Selçuk University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Konya, Turkey -- Tigen, K., Ümraniye State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey -- Saraç, L., Istinye State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey -- Sirkeci, M.T., Kizilay Health Center, Cardiology Polyclinic, Erzincan, Turkey -- Çakmak, M., Ümraniye State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey -- Şahin, M., Ondokuz Mayis University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Samsun, Turkey -- Kutlu, M., Harput State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Elazig, Turkey -- Bilge, M., Ankara Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey -- Bostan, M., Rize State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Rize, Turkey -- Melek, M., Afyon Kocatepe University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Afyon, Turkey -- Sunay, M.Ö., Balikesir State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Balikesir, Turkey -- Şeker, M., Meram State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Konya, Turkey -- Güçel, M.Ş., Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Fatma Timurçin Heart Center, Adana, Turkey -- Yazici, M., Düzce University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Düzce, Turkey -- Kayikçioglu, M., Ege University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Izmir, Turkey -- Öç, M., Ümraniye State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey -- Gürsürer, M., Karaelmas University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Zonguldak, Turkey -- Dagalp, M., Ziraat Bank Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey -- Bilaloglu, M., Erzurum Numune State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Erzurum, Turkey -- Yalçin, M., GATA Haydarpaşa Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey -- Şerifi, M., Izmit State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Kocaeli, Turkey -- Gökçe, M., Karadeniz Technical University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Trabzon, Turkey -- Kiliçkap, M., Ankara University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Ankara, Turkey -- Polat, M., Ceyhan State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Adana, Turkey -- Şan, M., Çukurova University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Adana, Turkey -- Tahtasiz, M., Eşrefpaşa Municipality Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Izmir, Turkey -- Yilmaz, M., Kayseri State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Kayseri, Turkey -- Etemoglu, M., Izmir Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Izmir, Turkey -- Coşkun, N., Harput State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Elazig, Turkey -- Aran, N.S., Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey -- Ata, N., Osmangazi University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Eskişehir, Turkey -- Sönmez, N., Bodrum State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Mugla, Turkey -- Çam, N., Siyami Ersek Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey -- Koylan, N., Istanbul University Istanbul Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey -- Özer, N., Iskenderun State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Hatay, Turkey -- Keser, N., Maltepe University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey -- Döven, O., Mersin University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Mersin, Turkey -- Tartanoglu, O., Karaman State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Karaman, Turkey -- Ergene, O., Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Izmir, Turkey -- Elönü, O.H., Melikgazi Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Kayseri, Turkey -- Onbaşili, O.A., Adnan Menderes University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Aydin, Turkey -- Özbek, Ö., Marmara University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey -- Pinar, P., Manisa State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Manisa, Turkey -- Akdemir, R., Düzce University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Düzce, Turkey -- Kargin, R., Kartal Koşuyolu Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey -- Topsakal, R., Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Kayseri, Turkey -- Yoldaş, R., Konya Numune State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Konya, Turkey -- Uçar, R., Giresun State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Giresun, Turkey -- Ateşal, S., Atatürk University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Erzurum, Turkey -- Toktaş, S., Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Fatma Timurçin Heart Center, Adana, Turkey -- Cinsoy, S., Sabuncuoglu Şerafeddin State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Amasya, Turkey -- Güleç, S., Ankara University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey -- Aytekin, S., Kadir Has University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey -- Çolak, S., Kizilay Health Center, Cardiology Polyclinic, Sivas, Turkey -- Mecit, S., Çanakkale Şehitlik State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Çanakkale, Turkey -- Sakalli, S., Siyami Ersek Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey -- Sevimli, S., Atatürk University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Erzurum, Turkey -- Topaloglu, S., Ankara Yüksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey -- Aydogdu, S., Ankara Numune Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey -- Turan, S.C., Fatih Sultan Mehmet State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey -- Kahraman, S., Nigde State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Nigde, Turkey -- Yorganci, S., Atatürk State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Antalya, Turkey -- Coşkun, Ş., Bursa State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Bursa, Turkey -- Ünal, Ş., Nevşehir State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Nevşehir, Turkey -- Durmaz, T., Ankara Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey -- Ulusoy, T., Aksaray State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Aksaray, Turkey -- Keleş, T., Ankara Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey -- Kirat, T., Mugla State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Mugla, Turkey -- Gündogdu, T.T., Gebze Fatih Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Kocaeli, Turkey -- Peker, T., Gemlik State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Bursa, Turkey -- Sümerkan, U., Marmara University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey -- Aytekin, V., Kadir Has University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey -- Koca, V., Bursa Yüksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Bursa, Turkey -- Çam, V., Fethiye State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Mugla, Turkey -- Gökçe, V., Konya Numune State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Konya, Turkey -- Gürlertop, Y., Atatürk University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Erzurum, Turkey -- Balbay, Y., Ankara Yüksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey -- Çavuşoglu, Y., Osmangazi University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Eskişehir, Turkey -- Erzurum, Y., Eskişehir Yunus Emre State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Eskişehir, Turkey -- Selçoki, Y., Fatih University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey -- Yakar, Y., Tokat State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Tokat, Turkey -- Işilak, Z., GATA Haydarpaşa Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey -- Tosun, Z., Antalya State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Antalya, Turkey -- Kaplan, Z., Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey -- Tartan, Z., Siyami Ersek Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit Üniversitesi, 0-Belirlenecek, Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, BAİBÜ, Tıp Fakültesi, Dahili Tıp Bilimleri Bölümü, Uyan, Cihangir, Aytekin, Saide, Aytekin, Vedat, Kozan, Ö., Dokuz Eylül University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Izmir, Turkey -- Özcan, E.E., Izmir Hospital, Izmir, Turkey -- Sancaktar, O., Istanbul Şafak Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey, Akdeniz University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Antalya, Turkey -- Kabakci, G., Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey -- Sözcüer, A.H., Merkez Efendi State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Manisa, Turkey -- Kerpeten, A., Kütahya State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Kütahya, Turkey -- Delice, A., Kizilay Health Center, Cardiology Polyclinic, Kayseri, Turkey -- Içli, A., Konya Municipality Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Konya, Turkey -- Sökmen, A., Sütçü Imam University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey -- Gürlek, A., Ankara University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Ibn-i Sina Hospital, Ankara, Turkey -- Abaci, A., Gazi University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey -- Bayram, A., Erzurum Numune State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Erzurum, Turkey -- Köşüş, A., Ordu Medical Center, 19 Eylül Internal Diseases Polyclinic, Ordu, Turkey -- Çamsari, A., Mersin University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Mersin, Turkey -- Sakalli, A., Afyon State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Afyon, Turkey -- Sert, A., Beypazari State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey -- Temizhan, A., Ankara Yüksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey -- Yilmaz, A., Cumhuriyet University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Sivas, Turkey -- Daver, A., Antalya State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Antalya, Turkey -- Aydinlar, A., Uluda? University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Bursa, Turkey -- Ergin, A., Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Kayseri, Turkey -- Kiliço?lu, A.E., Elazi? State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Elazi?, Turkey -- Birdane, A., Osmangazi University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Eskişehir, Turkey -- Aribaş, A., Konya Numune State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Konya, Turkey -- Lazo?lu, A., Intermed Medical Center, Cardiology Clinic, Alanya, Antalya, Turkey -- Özdemir, A., 1 Eylül State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Uşak, Turkey -- Fiskeci, A., Balikesir State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Balikesir, Turkey -- Çelik, A., Afyon Kocatepe University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Afyon, Turkey -- Bitigen, A., Kartal Koşuyolu Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey -- Keskin, A., Akhisar State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Manisa, Turkey -- Yavuz, A., Kartal Koşuyolu Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey -- Akyüz, A., Sultan 1. Izzettin Keykavuş State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Sivas, Turkey -- Karanfil, A., Fatih University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey -- Ünsal, A., Gölcük State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Kocaeli, Turkey -- Sinci, A., Bilecik State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Bilecik, Turkey -- Gülmez, A.U., Pamukkale State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Denizli, Turkey -- Irmak, A., Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey -- Vural, A., Toros State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Mersin, Turkey -- Güven, A., Sütçü Imam University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey -- Ilerigelen, B., Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey -- Erol, B., Giresun State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Giresun, Turkey -- Polat, B., Polatli Duatepe State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey -- Tosun, B., Aydin 82. Yil State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Aydin, Turkey -- A?çal, C., Isparta State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Isparta, Turkey -- Genç, C., Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey -- Kirdar, C., Eskişehir State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Eskişehir, Turkey -- Rezzagil, C., Şevket Yilmaz State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Bursa, Turkey -- Köz, C., Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey -- Nazli, C., Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Izmir, Turkey -- Ceyhan, C., Adnan Menderes University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Aydin, Turkey -- Örem, C., Karadeniz Technical University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Trabzon, Turkey -- Uyan, C., Abant Izzet Baysal University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Bolu, Turkey -- Türko?lu, C., Ege University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Izmir, Turkey -- Gaffari, D., Kizilay Health Center, Cardiology Polyclinic, Üsküdar, Istanbul, Turkey -- Aytekin, D., Salihli Public Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Manisa, Turkey -- Ural, D., Kocaeli University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Kocaeli, Turkey -- Yeşilbursa, D., Uluda? University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Bursa, Turkey -- Aras, D., Ankara Yüksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey -- Semiz, E., Pamukkale University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Denizli, Turkey -- Koçak, E., Evliya Çelebi State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Kütahya, Turkey -- Atalar, E., Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey -- Varol, E., Süleyman Demirel University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Isparta, Turkey -- Onrat, E., Afyon Kocatepe University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Afyon, Turkey -- Şensoy, E., Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey -- Acartürk, E., Çukurova University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Adana, Turkey -- Akarca, E., Nazilli State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Aydin, Turkey -- Aygün, E., Bafra State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Samsun, Turkey -- Ertaş, F.S., Ankara University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey -- Koca, F., Alsancak State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Izmir, Turkey -- Özmen, F., Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey -- Ulusoy, F.V., Ankara Numune Hospital, 2nd Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey -- Özerkan, F., Ege University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Izmir, Turkey -- Inceer, F.K., Çorum State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Çorum, Turkey -- Dönmez, G., Bakirköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey -- Topkara, G., Bandirma State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Balikesir, Turkey -- Daş, G., 82. Yil State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Adiyaman, Turkey -- Bozkurt, H., Antakya State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Antakya, Turkey -- Kültürsay, H., Ege University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Izmir, Turkey -- Tikiz, H., Celal Bayar University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Manisa, Turkey -- Akgöz, H., Siyami Ersek Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey -- Kaymak, H., Tarsus State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Mersin, Turkey -- Öney, H., Artvin State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Artvin, Turkey -- Ye?in, H., Antalya State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Antalya, Turkey -- Bo?a, H., Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Fatma Timurçin Heart Center, Adana, Turkey -- Gök, H., Selçuk State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Izmir, Turkey -- Vural, H., Vedat Ali Özkan State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Kayseri, Turkey -- Atasever, H., Adapazari State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Adapazari, Turkey -- Arinç, H., Izzet Baysal University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Düzce, Turkey -- Bozdemir, H., Buca Seyfi Demirsoy State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Izmir, Turkey -- Gündüz, H., Izzet Baysal University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Düzce, Turkey -- Tunar, H., Salihli State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Manisa, Turkey -- Atmaca, H., Siyami Ersek Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey -- Do?ru, I., Çukurova State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Adana, Turkey -- Özdo?ru, I., Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Kayseri, Turkey -- Susal, I., Karşiyaka State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Izmir, Turkey -- Kurt, I.T., Atakalp Heart Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Izmir, Turkey -- Dinçer, I., Ankara University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey -- Biyik, I., Uşak State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Uşak, Turkey -- Tando?an, I., Cumhuriyet University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Sivas, Turkey -- Jordan, J., Uluda? University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Bursa, Turkey -- Kulan, K., Trabzon Numune State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Trabzon, Turkey -- Şahna, K., Ordu State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ordu, Turkey -- Öztaş, K., Samsun State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Samsun, Turkey -- Dönmez, K., Manavgat State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Antalya, Turkey -- Övünç, K., Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey -- Kaya, K., Bursa State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Bursa, Turkey -- Aytemir, K., Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey -- Özdemir, K., Selçuk University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Konya, Turkey -- Tigen, K., Ümraniye State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey -- Saraç, L., Istinye State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey -- Sirkeci, M.T., Kizilay Health Center, Cardiology Polyclinic, Erzincan, Turkey -- Çakmak, M., Ümraniye State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey -- Şahin, M., Ondokuz Mayis University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Samsun, Turkey -- Kutlu, M., Harput State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Elazi?, Turkey -- Bilge, M., Ankara Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey -- Bostan, M., Rize State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Rize, Turkey -- Melek, M., Afyon Kocatepe University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Afyon, Turkey -- Sunay, M.Ö., Balikesir State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Balikesir, Turkey -- Şeker, M., Meram State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Konya, Turkey -- Güçel, M.Ş., Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Fatma Timurçin Heart Center, Adana, Turkey -- Yazici, M., Düzce University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Düzce, Turkey -- Kayikçio?lu, M., Ege University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Izmir, Turkey -- Öç, M., Ümraniye State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey -- Gürsürer, M., Karaelmas University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Zonguldak, Turkey -- Da?alp, M., Ziraat Bank Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey -- Bilalo?lu, M., Erzurum Numune State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Erzurum, Turkey -- Yalçin, M., GATA Haydarpaşa Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey -- Şerifi, M., Izmit State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Kocaeli, Turkey -- Gökçe, M., Karadeniz Technical University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Trabzon, Turkey -- Kiliçkap, M., Ankara University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Ankara, Turkey -- Polat, M., Ceyhan State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Adana, Turkey -- Şan, M., Çukurova University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Adana, Turkey -- Tahtasiz, M., Eşrefpaşa Municipality Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Izmir, Turkey -- Yilmaz, M., Kayseri State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Kayseri, Turkey -- Etemo?lu, M., Izmir Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Izmir, Turkey -- Coşkun, N., Harput State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Elazi?, Turkey -- Aran, N.S., Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey -- Ata, N., Osmangazi University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Eskişehir, Turkey -- Sönmez, N., Bodrum State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Mu?la, Turkey -- Çam, N., Siyami Ersek Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey -- Koylan, N., Istanbul University Istanbul Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey -- Özer, N., Iskenderun State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Hatay, Turkey -- Keser, N., Maltepe University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey -- Döven, O., Mersin University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Mersin, Turkey -- Tartano?lu, O., Karaman State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Karaman, Turkey -- Ergene, O., Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Izmir, Turkey -- Elönü, O.H., Melikgazi Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Kayseri, Turkey -- Onbaşili, O.A., Adnan Menderes University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Aydin, Turkey -- Özbek, Ö., Marmara University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey -- Pinar, P., Manisa State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Manisa, Turkey -- Akdemir, R., Düzce University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Düzce, Turkey -- Kargin, R., Kartal Koşuyolu Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey -- Topsakal, R., Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Kayseri, Turkey -- Yoldaş, R., Konya Numune State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Konya, Turkey -- Uçar, R., Giresun State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Giresun, Turkey -- Ateşal, S., Atatürk University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Erzurum, Turkey -- Toktaş, S., Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Fatma Timurçin Heart Center, Adana, Turkey -- Cinsoy, S., Sabuncuo?lu Şerafeddin State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Amasya, Turkey -- Güleç, S., Ankara University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey -- Aytekin, S., Kadir Has University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey -- Çolak, S., Kizilay Health Center, Cardiology Polyclinic, Sivas, Turkey -- Mecit, S., Çanakkale Şehitlik State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Çanakkale, Turkey -- Sakalli, S., Siyami Ersek Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey -- Sevimli, S., Atatürk University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Erzurum, Turkey -- Topalo?lu, S., Ankara Yüksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey -- Aydo?du, S., Ankara Numune Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey -- Turan, S.C., Fatih Sultan Mehmet State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey -- Kahraman, S., Ni?de State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ni?de, Turkey -- Yorganci, S., Atatürk State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Antalya, Turkey -- Coşkun, Ş., Bursa State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Bursa, Turkey -- Ünal, Ş., Nevşehir State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Nevşehir, Turkey -- Durmaz, T., Ankara Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey -- Ulusoy, T., Aksaray State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Aksaray, Turkey -- Keleş, T., Ankara Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey -- Kirat, T., Mu?la State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Mu?la, Turkey -- Gündo?du, T.T., Gebze Fatih Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Kocaeli, Turkey -- Peker, T., Gemlik State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Bursa, Turkey -- Sümerkan, U., Marmara University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey -- Aytekin, V., Kadir Has University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey -- Koca, V., Bursa Yüksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Bursa, Turkey -- Çam, V., Fethiye State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Mu?la, Turkey -- Gökçe, V., Konya Numune State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Konya, Turkey -- Gürlertop, Y., Atatürk University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Erzurum, Turkey -- Balbay, Y., Ankara Yüksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey -- Çavuşo?lu, Y., Osmangazi University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Eskişehir, Turkey -- Erzurum, Y., Eskişehir Yunus Emre State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Eskişehir, Turkey -- Selçoki, Y., Fatih University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey -- Yakar, Y., Tokat State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Tokat, Turkey -- Işilak, Z., GATA Haydarpaşa Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey -- Tosun, Z., Antalya State Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Antalya, Turkey -- Kaplan, Z., Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey -- Tartan, Z., Siyami Ersek Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey, Maltepe Üniversitesi, and Çukurova Üniversitesi

Subjects
Male, heart atrium fibrillation, Turkey, Cross-sectional study, urinalysis, anticoagulant agent, Coronary artery disease, Turkey (republic), hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, sedentary lifestyle, Risk Factors, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, cardiovascular disease, middle aged, dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase inhibitor, Albuminuria/complications/epidemiology, Cardiovascular diseases, Hypertension/complications, Prevalence, Risk factors, Turkey/epidemiology, Medicine, Family history, family history, education.field_of_study, C reactive protein, adult, creatinine, article, beta adrenergic receptor blocking agent, clinical trial, antithrombocytic agent, Middle Aged, urine, comorbidity, ComputingMilieux_MANAGEMENTOFCOMPUTINGANDINFORMATIONSYSTEMS, female, congestive heart failure, risk factor, laboratory test, diabetes mellitus, Hypertension, antihypertensive agent, Female, triacylglycerol, InformationSystems_MISCELLANEOUS, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, cardiovascular risk, Adult, disease control, medicine.medical_specialty, microalbuminuria, heart infarction, Population, Urinalysis, albuminuria, smoking, Young Adult, blood, Internal medicine, cross-sectional study, Albuminuria, Humans, human, Risk factor, Intensive care medicine, education, Triglycerides, concentration (parameters), business.industry, screening, dyslipidemia, Cholesterol, HDL, ComputerSystemsOrganization_COMPUTER-COMMUNICATIONNETWORKS, cholesterol, Cholesterol, LDL, medicine.disease, major clinical study, Comorbidity, brain ischemia, predictor variable, multicenter study, Cross-Sectional Studies, ComputingMethodologies_PATTERNRECOGNITION, transient ischemic attack, observational study, Microalbuminuria, disease duration, business, Dyslipidemia, peripheral occlusive artery disease
Abstract

PubMed ID: 22257801, Objectives: A growing body of data illustrates the importance of microalbuminuria (MAU) as a strong predictor of cardiovascular risk in the hypertensive population. The present study was designed to define the prevalence of MAU and associated cardiovascular risk factors among Turkish hypertensive outpatients. Study design: Representing the Turkish arm of the multinational i-SEARCH study involving 1,750 sites in 26 countries around the world, a total of 1,926 hypertensive patients from different centers were included in this observational and cross-sectional survey study. Patients with reasons for a false-positive MAU test were excluded. The prevalence of MAU was assessed using a dipstick test, and patients were inquired about comorbidities, comedication, and known cardiovascular risk factors. Results: The overall prevalence of MAU was 64.7% and there was no difference between genders. Most of the patients (82.5%) had uncontrolled hypertension, 35.6% had dyslipidemia, and 35.5% had diabetes, predominantly type 2. Almost one-third of the patients (26.4%) had at least one cardiovascular-related comorbidity, with 20.3% having documented coronary artery disease (CAD). Almost all patients (96.8%) had one or more risk factors for cardiovascular disease in addition to hypertension, including family history of myocardial infarction or CAD, diabetes, dyslipidemia, lack of physical exercise, and smoking. A trend towards higher MAU values in the presence of CAD was determined. Conclusion: Microalbuminuria tests should be routinely used as a screening and monitoring tool for the assessment of subsequent cardiovascular morbidity and mortality among hypertensive patients. © 2011 Turkish Society of Cardiology.

Published
2011

13. The relationship between angiotensin converting enzyme gene I/D polymorphism and QT dispersion in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Author

Sibel Turhan, Mustafa Kılıçkap, Halil Gürhan Karabulut, Timucin Altin, Cansın Tulunay Kaya, Işık Bökesoy, Özgür Ulaş Özcan, Derviş Oral, Çetin Erol, and Adalet Gürlek

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Medicine (General), Genotype, Biology, Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A, Sudden death, Electrocardiography, Endocrinology, R5-920, Internal medicine, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, cardiovascular diseases, Allele, Gene, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Polymorphism, Genetic, medicine.diagnostic_test, Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Angiotensin-converting enzyme, Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Qt dispersion, Cardiology, biology.protein, cardiovascular system, Female, Gene Deletion
Abstract

Introduction: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is characterized by disorganized myocardial architecture, and may cause ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death. The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) with two deletion alleles (DD genotype) has been proposed to be associated with increased myocardial collagen content. We evaluated QT dispersion (QTd), which reflects regional differences in ventricular repolarization, in HCM patient and controls among the three different ACE genotypes. Materials and methods: Sixty-three patients with HCM and 20 healthy subjects were included in the study. QT parameters were measured from 12 lead electrocardiograms. ACE genotypes were determined from the DNA extracted from peripheral blood by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. QT parameters were compared among the three ACE genotypes both in HCM patients and controls. Results: Median ages were similar in HCM and control groups. QTd and corrected QTd (QTcd) were significantly greater in the HCM group compared with the controls. The frequencies of each genotype were similar in both groups. Although QTd and QTcd did not differ among the three genotypes in the control subjects, they were significantly greater in patients with DD genotype compared with other genotypes in the HCM group. Conclusion: QTd and QTcd are increased in patients with HCM, especially in those with the DD genotype.

Published
2010

14. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha in diastolic dysfunction

Author

Rabih Dandachi, Irem Dincer, Hüseyin Tutkak, Adalet Gürlek, Derviş Oral, and Mustafa Kılıçkap

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, SERCA, Necrosis, Diastole, chemistry.chemical_element, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Calcium-Transporting ATPases, Calcium, Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases, Ventricular Dysfunction, Left, In vivo, Calcium-binding protein, Internal medicine, Medicine, Humans, Ejection fraction, business.industry, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Calcium-Binding Proteins, Case-control study, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Endocrinology, chemistry, Echocardiography, Case-Control Studies, Hypertension, Cardiology, Female, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract

BACKGROUND Active relaxation develops as a result of sequestration of calcium into the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and is controlled mainly by sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) and phospholamban.Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) downregulates both of these proteins, so it may play a role in the development of abnormal relaxation. However, a possible relationship between TNF-alpha and diastolic dysfunction has not been sufficiently evaluated in vivo. We investigated whether circulating levels of TNF-alpha increased in patients with relaxation abnormality. METHODS Forty hypertensive patients with normal left ventricular systolic function were enrolled in the study. Age-adjusted values of echocardiographically measured mitral inflow velocities, E-wave deceleration time and isovolemic relaxation time were used to define normal and abnormal relaxation. Twenty of the patients (mean age 59.2 +/- 10.6) had a relaxation abnormality (group I), and the twenty other patients (mean age 45.9 +/- 7.9) had a normal diastolic function (group II). TNF-alpha levels were measured by ELISA. RESULTS There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of interventricular septal thickness, posterior wall thickness, left ventricular mass, ejection fraction, plasma creatinin level, and medication. Patients with a relaxation abnormality were older than those with a normal diastolic function (p < 0.001). TNF-alpha levels were similar in both groups (62.1 +/- 46.0 pg/ml for group I, and 48.7 +/- 51.4 pg/ml for group II, p = 0.089). CONCLUSION In this preliminary study, we demonstrated that TNF-alpha levels did not increase in patients with a relaxation abnormality. However, we think that a possible relationship between TNF-alpha and diastolic dysfunction should be clarified by further studies involving a larger number of patients with a wider spectrum of diastolic dysfunction.

Published
2004

15. Effect of losartan on circulating TNFalpha levels and left ventricular systolic performance in patients with heart failure

Author

Mustafa Kılıçkap, Derviş Oral, Adalet Gürlek, Rabih Dandachi, Hüseyin Tutkak, and Irem Dincer

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Epidemiology, Systole, medicine.medical_treatment, Digitalis, Losartan, Ventricular Function, Left, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, In patient, Antihypertensive Agents, Aged, Heart Failure, Ejection fraction, biology, business.industry, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Dilated cardiomyopathy, Stroke Volume, Middle Aged, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Pathophysiology, Heart failure, Cardiology, Tumor necrosis factor alpha, Female, Diuretic, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

BACKGROUND Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) plays an important role in the pathophysiology of heart failure. Recent studies have shown a beneficial effect of losartan in these patients. However, the effect of losartan on TNFalpha levels in heart failure has not yet been studied. We evaluated the effect of losartan on circulating TNFalpha levels and ejection fraction (EF) in patients with congestive heart failure. METHODS Forty patients with heart failure and EF < or = 40% were enrolled into the study. All of the patients have been given diuretic and digitalis therapy. Twenty patients were given losartan (50 mg/d) (Group I, 10 women, 10 men, 12 dilated cardiomyopathy, 8 ischemic heart disease, mean age 64.9 + 8.9), and another 20 patients were not given losartan because of hypotension or renal dysfunction (Group II, 13 men, 7 women, 10 dilated cardiomyopathy, 10 ischemic heart disease, mean age 61.2 +/- 10.5). EF was measured at the initial evaluation and on the fifteenth day of the therapy by echocardiographic examination using an acoustic quantification method. Circulating TNFalpha levels were also measured at the initial evaluation and on the fifteenth day of therapy by the ELISA method. RESULTS Losartan significantly increased EF and decreased TNFalpha (EF increased from 29.4 +/- 7.3% to 36.0 +/- 8.5%, P < 0.001, and TNFalpha decreased from 39.2 +/- 37.4 pg/ml to 27.0 +/- 30.0 pg/ml, P < 0.05). Changes in TNFalpha levels and EF were not found to be correlated (r=-0.28, P=0.24). However, in the control group, EF and TNFalpha levels were similar at baseline and at the fifteenth day (EF 31.4 + 8.1% vs 31.7 +/- 7.8%, P=0.1, and TNFalpha 91.5 + 86.0 pg/ml vs 110.0 +/- 80.7 pg/ml, P=0.1, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Losartan improves left ventricular systolic function and decreases TNFalpha level. The decreased TNFalpha level seems to be independent of EF.

Published
2001

16. A case of multiple pericardial hydatid cysts

Author

Zehra Dagalp, Adalet Gürlek, and Ümit Özyurda

Subjects
Adult, Aortic arch, business.industry, Superior mediastinum, Pericardial cavity, Hilum (biology), Hydatid cyst, Anatomy, Diagnosis, Differential, medicine.anatomical_structure, Mediastinal Cyst, Thoracotomy, Echinococcosis, Echocardiography, medicine.artery, parasitic diseases, medicine, Humans, Pericardium, Female, Left costophrenic angle, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Pericardial cyst
Abstract

Pericardial cysts are rare developmental benign intrathoracic lesions and constitute 7% of all mediastinal tumors. As many as 70% of the cysts are found in the right cardiophrenic angle. Unusual locations include the left costophrenic angle, the hilum and the superior mediastinum at the level of the aortic arch. Cysts arising inside the pericardial cavity and attached to the heart are exceedingly rare. We describe a case of multiple pericardial hydatid cysts.

Published
1992

17. How previous angina influences early prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction

Author

Çetin Erol, Timucin Altin, Mete Alpaslan, Derviş Oral, Adalet Gürlek, Sibel Turhan, and Gülgün Pamir

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Epidemiology, Myocardial Infarction, Coronary Angiography, Angina Pectoris, Angina, Electrocardiography, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, cardiovascular diseases, Myocardial infarction, Hospital Mortality, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Aged, 80 and over, Ejection fraction, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Cardiogenic shock, Electrocardiography in myocardial infarction, Stroke Volume, Stroke volume, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Prognosis, Survival Rate, Echocardiography, Heart failure, Cardiology, Disease Progression, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract

There is little information about how previous angina influences the complications of myocardial infarction and also contradictory results have been reported.To compare the risk factors for myocardial infarction, complications, performance of left ventricle, and coronary angiography findings of patients who had suffered acute myocardial infarction with those for patients who had not.We studied 600 patients diagnosed to have suffered acute myocardial infarction. Patients are grouped into those having previously had angina for at least 1 month preceding acute myocardial infarction (group I, n = 308 patients; 223 men and 85 women, mean age 60.4 +/- 10.6 years) and those who had not had angina (group II, n = 292 patients; 221 men and 71 women, mean age 58 +/- 9 years). The risk factors, complications (cardiogenic shock, heart failure, disturbances of rhythm and conduction, cardiac rupture and death), left-ventricle ejection fraction, and echocardiography and coronary angiographic findings during hospitalization are compared.There was no difference with respect to localization of myocardial infarction (anterior, inferior, and non-Q) between groups I and II (P0.05). Hypertension in members of group I was higher (P0.05). There was no statistically significant difference with respect to diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia and cigarette smoking (P0.05). Heart failure (P0.05), cardiogenic shock (P0.01), incidence of ventricular premature systole3/min (P0.001) and atrial fibrillation (P0.05) were seen more prevalently in group II than they were in group I. There was no difference between the two groups with respect to bundle-branch blockage and third-degree atrioventricular blockage. Incidences of ventricular fibrillation, rupture of interventricular septum (IVS) and death in hospital were higher in group II (6.2 versus 3.6%, 6.2 versus 3.2%, 2.1 versus 0.6%) but were not statistically significant. Coronary angiography detected no statistically significant difference with respect to disease in left main coronary artery, and one-vessel and two-vessel disease; but three-vessel disease was significantly more prevalent in group II (P0.01).Heart failure, cardiogenic shock, arrhythmia (more than three VPS within 1 min and atrial fibrillation), and three-vessel disease detected by coronary angiography were found more often in the myocardial infarct patients without previous angina and these differences were statistically significant. In-hospital mortality and cardiac rupture were also found more commonly in this group and ejection fractions measured by echocardiography were found to be less, but these differences were statistically insignificant.

Published
2000

19. Pheochromocytoma with asymmetric septal hypertrophy and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

Author

Çetin Erol and Adalet Gürlek

Subjects
Adult, congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities, medicine.medical_specialty, Adrenal Gland Neoplasm, Asymmetric hypertrophy, ASYMMETRIC SEPTAL HYPERTROPHY, Adrenal Gland Neoplasms, Pheochromocytoma, Left ventricular hypertrophy, Muscle hypertrophy, Internal medicine, medicine, Heart Septum, Humans, cardiovascular diseases, Pigmentation disorder, business.industry, medicine.disease, Heart septum, Cardiology, Female, Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Cardiomyopathies, Pigmentation Disorders
Abstract

A 24-year-old woman with pheochromocytoma associated with asymmetric septal hypertrophy, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and pigmentation was operated on and the tumor was excised. The asymmetric hypertrophy and the pre-excitation disappeared after the operation, but the pigmentation increased. We discuss the relation between excessive catecholamines and these findings.

Published
1991

21. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha in diastolic heart failure

Author

Hüseyin Tutkak, Rabih Dandachi, Derviş Oral, Mustafa Kılıçkap, Adalet Gürlek, and Irem Dincer

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Internal medicine, Heart failure, medicine, Diastolic heart failure, Cardiology, Tumor necrosis factor alpha, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, medicine.disease, business
Published
2000

22. Relation between the insertion/deletion polymorphism of the angiotensin I converting enzyme gene and restenosis after coronary stenting

Author

Adalet Gürlek, Halil Gürhan Karabulut, Sadi Gulec, Derviş Oral, Eralp Tutar, Gülgün Pamir, Işık Bökesoy, Ahmet Alpman, Reha M. Toydemir, and Omer Aras

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Genotype, Epidemiology, medicine.medical_treatment, Coronary Disease, Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A, Coronary Angiography, Revascularization, Gastroenterology, Restenosis, Recurrence, Internal medicine, Intravascular ultrasound, medicine, Humans, Neointimal hyperplasia, Polymorphism, Genetic, medicine.diagnostic_test, biology, business.industry, Angiotensin-converting enzyme, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, Logistic Models, Relative risk, DNA Transposable Elements, biology.protein, Female, Stents, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Gene Deletion
Abstract

BACKGROUND Observations with intravascular ultrasound demonstrated that neointimal hyperplasia is the predominant factor responsible for in-stent restenosis. Experimental data suggest that angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) plays a role in the thickening of neointima after balloon denudation. Insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the ACE gene is significantly associated with plasma level of ACE and subjects with D/D genotype have significantly higher plasma levels of ACE than normal. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether this polymorphism influences the risk of restenosis after coronary stenting. METHODS We genotyped 158 patients who had undergone single-vessel coronary stenting for the ACE I/D polymorphism. RESULTS Of the 158 patients, 56 (35%) had the D/D genotype, 71 (45%) had the I/D genotype and 31 (20%) had the I/I genotype. Prevalences of genotypes were compatible with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and distributions of ACE genotype among patients and 132 healthy controls from the same geographic area did not differ. At follow-up (after a median duration of 5.4 months), overall rates of angiographic restenosis and of revascularization of target lesion (RTL) were 32.3 and 22.8%, respectively. Of 51 patients with angiographic restenosis, 31 (60.8%) had focal and 20 (39.2%) had diffuse patterns of restenosis. Diffuse in-stent restenosis was significantly more prevalent among patients with D/D genotype (P = 0.016). Multiple stepwise logistic regression analysis identified ACE I/D polymorphism as the independent predictor of angiographic restenosis and RTL. Relative risk of angiographic restenosis was 6.29 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.80-22.05, P = 0.0004] for D/D genotype and 3.88 (95% CI 1.11-13.12, P = 0.029) for I/D genotype, whereas relative risk of RTL was 7.44 (95% CI 1.60-34.58, P = 0.01) for D/D genotype and 3.88 (95% CI 0.083-18.15, P = 0.085) for I/D genotype. CONCLUSIONS The ACE I/D polymorphism is significantly associated with risk of angiographic and clinical restenosis after coronary stenting. Angiographic pattern of restenosis is also significantly associated with I/D polymorphism, diffuse type being more prevalent among subjects with D/D genotype.

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