45 results on '"Adam Watts"'
Search Results
2. Evaluation of Soil Moisture Retrievals from a Portable L-Band Microwave Radiometer
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Runze Zhang, Abhi Nayak, Derek Houtz, Adam Watts, Elahe Soltanaghai, and Mohamad Alipour
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L-band passive microwave ,soil moisture ,radiative transfer ,remote sensing ,Science - Abstract
A novel Portable L-band radiometer (PoLRa), compatible with tower-, vehicle- and drone-based platforms, can provide gridded soil moisture estimations from a few meters to several hundred meters yet its retrieval accuracy has rarely been examined. This study aims to provide an initial assessment of the performance of PoLRa-derived soil moisture at a spatial resolution of approximately 0.7 m × 0.7 m at a set of sampling pixels in central Illinois, USA. This preliminary evaluation focuses on (1) the consistency of PoLRa-measured brightness temperatures from different viewing directions over the same area and (2) whether PoLRa-derived soil moisture retrievals are within an acceptable accuracy range. As PoLRa shares many aspects of the L-band radiometer onboard NASA’s Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission, two SMAP operational algorithms and the conventional dual-channel algorithm (DCA) were applied to calculate volumetric soil moisture from the measured brightness temperatures. The vertically polarized brightness temperatures from the PoLRa are typically more stable than their horizontally polarized counterparts across all four directions. In each test period, the standard deviations of observed dual-polarization brightness temperatures are generally less than 5 K. By comparing PoLRa-based soil moisture retrievals against the simultaneous moisture values obtained by a handheld capacitance probe, the unbiased root mean square error (ubRMSE) and the Pearson correlation coefficient (R) are mostly below 0.05 m3/m3 and above 0.7 for various algorithms adopted here. While SMAP models and the DCA algorithm can derive soil moisture from PoLRa observations, no single algorithm consistently outperforms the others. These findings highlight the significant potential of ground- or drone-based PoLRa measurements as a standalone reference for the calibration and validation of spaceborne L-band synthetic aperture radars and radiometers. The accuracy of PoLRa-yielded high-resolution soil moisture can be further improved via standardized operational procedures and appropriate tau-omega parameters.
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- 2024
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3. Inverse Dynamic Parameter Identification for Remote Sensing of Soil Moisture From SMAP Satellite Observations
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Runze Zhang, Adam Watts, and Mohamad Alipour
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$L$ -band passive microwave ,radiative transfer ,remote sensing ,soil moisture ,Ocean engineering ,TC1501-1800 ,Geophysics. Cosmic physics ,QC801-809 - Abstract
In the soil moisture active passive (SMAP) mission's soil moisture retrieval algorithms, the effects of surface roughness and vegetation scattering on the brightness temperature are conventionally modeled using time-invariant parameters: roughness intensity (h) and effective scattering albedo (ω). Such simplification neglects the variability of h and ω over time, potentially compromising the accuracy of soil moisture estimates at the satellite footprint scale. This study aims to derive dynamic, pixel-scale h and ω parameters specifically for the SMAP single-channel algorithm (SCA) and the regularized dual-channel algorithm (RDCA). This is achieved through an iterative inverse procedure that minimizes the differences between the simulated brightness temperatures from spatially representative 9 km soil moisture and SMAP observations across the SMAP core validation sites. The results demonstrated that the incorporation of dynamic h and ω parameters, derived on a daily scale, markedly enhanced the soil moisture retrieval performance with an average unbiased root-mean-square error (ubRMSE) of 0.01 (0.02) m3/m3 and Pearson correlation (R) of 0.95 (0.90) for the SCA (RDCA) algorithms, indicating that dynamic parameterization holds significant promise for improving retrieval accuracy. The daily scale h parameters are generally above the static values utilized in the SMAP SCA. Within the SMAP SCA framework, the accuracy of soil moisture estimates employing daily scale h and ω parameters—randomly selected from the SCA range (h∊ [0.03, 0.16] and ω∊ [0, 0.08])—demonstrates notable stability and is comparable with the SMAP level 3 product. Furthermore, the daily scale parameters were temporally contracted to generate a monthly climatology for h and ω. While soil moisture values derived from these climatological h and ω parameters exhibit reduced absolute bias, their ubRMSE and R slightly degrade relative to SMAP level 3 product. This degradation likely suggests that the climatological parameters’ gradual variations are insufficient to capture the fluctuations of those daily parameters. Moreover, the static h and ω values for the RDCA are systematically higher than those for the SCA. However, there is no consistent trend in the magnitudes of dynamic h and ω between different algorithms. Identifying the most effective dynamic h and ω parameters within the SMAP algorithmic framework necessitates not only selecting an appropriate parameter range but also accurately tracking the temporal evolutions of surface roughness and vegetation scattering. Potential applications arising from improvements in retrieved soil moisture include the management of agricultural lands and forecasts of their productivity, quantification of global water and energy fluxes at the land surface, and management of forests, particularly in instances where disturbances, such as droughts, floods, or wildfire, are concerned.
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- 2024
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4. Can we develop consensus on long-term follow-up and surveillance of primary shoulder arthroplasty? A study protocol using a real-time Delphi technique among expert clinicians in the UK
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Marcus Bateman, Amar Rangan, Amol Tambe, Daniel Morris, and Adam Watts
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Medicine - Abstract
Background Shoulder arthroplasty incidence is projected to continue its exponential growth and the resultant burden of monitoring patients with shoulder arthroplasty implants creates significant pressure on orthopaedic services. Surveillance offers the opportunity to study implant longevity, detect failing implants and potentially perform revision at lower morbidity and cost. There is a paucity of evidence to support recommendations on long-term follow-up in shoulder arthroplasty. Prospective studies comparing long-term follow-up and structure are impractical from time, resource and cost perspectives. A real-time Delphi technique represents a mechanism by which experts involved in long-term follow-up of primary shoulder arthroplasty can formulate recommendations via a transparent, reproducible and efficient process. We outline the protocol for a real-time Delphi study seeking consensus on long-term follow-up and surveillance of primary shoulder arthroplasty .Methods A real-time Delphi technique will be used. A planning committee will design the Delphi statements. A steering committee will supervise and monitor the real-time Delphi process. Participants will be asked to rate their agreement with statements using a 5-point Likert scale. The Delphi statements will be derived from review of published literature, and the strength of evidence available for each statement will be provided. We will offer participation to all surgeons and extended-scope practitioners who are current members of the British Elbow & Shoulder Society (BESS) and have clinical practice involving shoulder arthroplasty follow-up. The questionnaire will be active for 4 weeks and requires a minimum of 20 participants. Consensus agreement is defined as 70% of participants selecting at least a 4-point on a 5-point Likert scale.Discussion We anticipate the outlined study will achieve consensus on long-term follow-up and surveillance of primary shoulder arthroplasty. We intend to use the expert consensus recommendations achieved, in addition to the limited applicable published evidence available, to produce BESS-affiliated guidelines on long-term follow-up and surveillance of primary shoulder arthroplasty.EthicsEthical approval is not required for the real-time Delphi study.We expect the results of this initiative will be published in a peer-reviewed, high-impact journal.
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- 2024
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5. A Control-Theoretic Spatio-Temporal Model for Wildfire Smoke Propagation Using UAV-Based Air Pollutant Measurements
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Prabhash Ragbir, Ajith Kaduwela, Xiaodong Lan, Adam Watts, and Zhaodan Kong
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unmanned aerial vehicles ,wildfire ,air pollution ,spatiotemporal model ,dynamic model ,data-driven model ,Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics ,TL1-4050 - Abstract
Wildfires have the potential to cause severe damage to vegetation, property and most importantly, human life. In order to minimize these negative impacts, it is crucial that wildfires are detected at the earliest possible stages. A potential solution for early wildfire detection is to utilize unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) that are capable of tracking the chemical concentration gradient of smoke emitted by wildfires. A spatiotemporal model of wildfire smoke plume dynamics can allow for efficient tracking of the chemicals by utilizing both real-time information from sensors as well as future information from the model predictions. This study investigates a spatiotemporal modeling approach based on subspace identification (SID) to develop a data-driven smoke plume dynamics model for the purposes of early wildfire detection. The model was learned using CO2 concentration data which were collected using an air quality sensor package onboard a UAV during two prescribed burn experiments. Our model was evaluated by comparing the predicted values to the measured values at random locations and showed mean errors of 6.782 ppm and 30.01 ppm from the two experiments. Additionally, our model was shown to outperform the commonly used Gaussian puff model (GPM) which showed mean errors of 25.799 ppm and 104.492 ppm, respectively.
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- 2024
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6. Wildland Fire Detection and Monitoring Using a Drone-Collected RGB/IR Image Dataset
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Xiwen Chen, Bryce Hopkins, Hao Wang, Leo O'Neill, Fatemeh Afghah, Abolfazl Razi, Peter Fule, Janice Coen, Eric Rowell, and Adam Watts
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Data-driven fire detection ,prescribed fire ,fire modeling ,fire data ,unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) ,deep learning ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,TK1-9971 - Abstract
Current forest monitoring technologies including satellite remote sensing, manned/piloted aircraft, and observation towers leave uncertainties about a wildfire’s extent, behavior, and conditions in the fire’s near environment, particularly during its early growth. Rapid mapping and real-time fire monitoring can inform in-time intervention or management solutions to maximize beneficial fire outcomes. Drone systems’ unique features of 3D mobility, low flight altitude, and fast and easy deployment make them a valuable tool for early detection and assessment of wildland fires, especially in remote forests that are not easily accessible by ground vehicles. In addition, the lack of abundant, well-annotated aerial datasets – in part due to unmanned aerial vehicles’ (UAVs’) flight restrictions during prescribed burns and wildfires – has limited research advances in reliable data-driven fire detection and modeling techniques. While existing wildland fire datasets often include either color or thermal fire images, here we present (1) a multi-modal UAV-collected dataset of dual-feed side-by-side videos including both RGB and thermal images of a prescribed fire in an open canopy pine forest in Northern Arizona and (2) a deep learning-based methodology for detecting fire and smoke pixels at accuracy much higher than the usual single-channel video feeds. The collected images are labeled to “fire” or “no-fire” frames by two human experts using side-by-side RGB and thermal images to determine the label. To provide context to the main dataset’s aerial imagery, the included supplementary dataset provides a georeferenced pre-burn point cloud, an RGB orthomosaic, weather information, a burn plan, and other burn information. By using and expanding on this guide dataset, research can develop new data-driven fire detection, fire segmentation, and fire modeling techniques.
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- 2022
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7. Even experts cannot agree on the optimal use of platelet-rich plasma in lateral elbow tendinopathy: an international Delphi study
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Jonathan P. Evans, Nicola Maffulli, Chris Smith, Adam Watts, Jose Valderas, and Vicki Goodwin
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Platelet-rich plasma ,PRP ,Consensus ,Elbow ,Tendinopathy ,Tennis elbow ,Orthopedic surgery ,RD701-811 - Abstract
Abstract Background Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is widely used in the management of lateral elbow tendinopathy (LET) despite conflicting evidence on its effectiveness. With high levels of user experience, this study aimed to assess consensus amongst experts on its clinical use. Methods A three-round international Delphi study was conducted. Participants were invited through national society mailing lists and contact lists derived from a systematic search of the literature on PRP. In round one, a primary working group developed 40 statements on PRP preparation and clinical application. In rounds two and three, an international group of researchers on PRP and clinical users of the device scored their levels of agreement with the statements on a five-point scale. Consensus was defined as an interquartile range of ≤ 1. Results Consensus of agreement was only reached for 17/40 (42.5%) statements. For statements on PRP formulation, consensus of agreement was reached in 2/6 statements (33%). Only limited consensus on the contraindications, delivery strategy and delivery technique was achieved. Conclusion Experts reached very limited consensus on the use of PRP in LET. High levels of user experience have not resulted in a convergence of opinion on the technical components of PRP formulation and delivery, substantiating the need for further studies and improved trial reporting.
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- 2021
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8. Elbow conditions: research priorities setting in partnership with the James Lind Alliance
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Marcus Bateman, Amar Rangan, Joideep Phadnis, Han Hong Chong, Jonathan Gower, Chris Peach, Valerie Jones, Steve Gwilym, Adam Watts, Harvinder Pal Singh, Parag Raval, Pip Divall, Addie Majed, and Radhakant Pandey
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Medicine - Abstract
Objective To undertake a UK-based James Lind Alliance (JLA) Priority Setting Partnership for elbow conditions and be representative of the views of patients, carers and healthcare professionals (HCPs).Setting This was a national collaborative study organised through the British Elbow and Shoulder Society.Participants Adult patients, carers and HCPs who have managed or experienced elbow conditions, their carers and HCPs in the UK involved in managing of elbow conditions.Methods The rigorous JLA priority setting methodology was followed. Electronic and paper scoping surveys were distributed to identify potential research priority questions (RPQs). Initial responses were reviewed and a literature search was performed to cross-check categorised questions. Those questions already sufficiently answered were excluded and the remaining questions were ranked in a second survey according to priority for future elbow conditions research. Using the JLA methodology, responses from HCP and patients were combined to create a list of the top 18 questions. These were further reviewed in a dedicated multistakeholder workshop where the top 10 RPQs were agreed by consensus.Results The process was completed over 24 months. The initial survey resulted in 467 questions from 165 respondents (73% HCPs and 27% patients/carers). These questions were reviewed and combined into 46 summary topics comprising: tendinopathy, distal biceps pathology, arthritis, stiffness, trauma, arthroplasty and cubital tunnel syndrome. The second (interim prioritisation) survey had 250 respondents (72% HCP and 28% patients/carers). The top 18 ranked questions from this survey were taken to the final workshop where a consensus was reached on the top 10 RPQs.Conclusions The top 10 RPQs highlight areas of importance that currently lack sufficient evidence to guide diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of elbow conditions. This collaborative process will guide researchers and funders regarding the topics that should receive most future attention and benefit patients and HCPs.
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- 2022
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9. A Multimodal Data Fusion and Deep Learning Framework for Large-Scale Wildfire Surface Fuel Mapping
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Mohamad Alipour, Inga La Puma, Joshua Picotte, Kasra Shamsaei, Eric Rowell, Adam Watts, Branko Kosovic, Hamed Ebrahimian, and Ertugrul Taciroglu
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wildland fire ,fuel mapping ,remote sensing ,artificial intelligence ,machine learning ,deep learning ,Physics ,QC1-999 - Abstract
Accurate estimation of fuels is essential for wildland fire simulations as well as decision-making related to land management. Numerous research efforts have leveraged remote sensing and machine learning for classifying land cover and mapping forest vegetation species. In most cases that focused on surface fuel mapping, the spatial scale of interest was smaller than a few hundred square kilometers; thus, many small-scale site-specific models had to be created to cover the landscape at the national scale. The present work aims to develop a large-scale surface fuel identification model using a custom deep learning framework that can ingest multimodal data. Specifically, we use deep learning to extract information from multispectral signatures, high-resolution imagery, and biophysical climate and terrain data in a way that facilitates their end-to-end training on labeled data. A multi-layer neural network is used with spectral and biophysical data, and a convolutional neural network backbone is used to extract the visual features from high-resolution imagery. A Monte Carlo dropout mechanism was also devised to create a stochastic ensemble of models that can capture classification uncertainties while boosting the prediction performance. To train the system as a proof-of-concept, fuel pseudo-labels were created by a random geospatial sampling of existing fuel maps across California. Application results on independent test sets showed promising fuel identification performance with an overall accuracy ranging from 55% to 75%, depending on the level of granularity of the included fuel types. As expected, including the rare—and possibly less consequential—fuel types reduced the accuracy. On the other hand, the addition of high-resolution imagery improved classification performance at all levels.
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- 2023
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10. The Fire and Smoke Model Evaluation Experiment—A Plan for Integrated, Large Fire–Atmosphere Field Campaigns
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Susan Prichard, N. Sim Larkin, Roger Ottmar, Nancy H.F. French, Kirk Baker, Tim Brown, Craig Clements, Matt Dickinson, Andrew Hudak, Adam Kochanski, Rod Linn, Yongqiang Liu, Brian Potter, William Mell, Danielle Tanzer, Shawn Urbanski, and Adam Watts
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mixed conifer forest ,southern pine forest ,wildland smoke ,fire behavior ,plume dynamics ,dispersion ,smoke chemistry ,Meteorology. Climatology ,QC851-999 - Abstract
The Fire and Smoke Model Evaluation Experiment (FASMEE) is designed to collect integrated observations from large wildland fires and provide evaluation datasets for new models and operational systems. Wildland fire, smoke dispersion, and atmospheric chemistry models have become more sophisticated, and next-generation operational models will require evaluation datasets that are coordinated and comprehensive for their evaluation and advancement. Integrated measurements are required, including ground-based observations of fuels and fire behavior, estimates of fire-emitted heat and emissions fluxes, and observations of near-source micrometeorology, plume properties, smoke dispersion, and atmospheric chemistry. To address these requirements the FASMEE campaign design includes a study plan to guide the suite of required measurements in forested sites representative of many prescribed burning programs in the southeastern United States and increasingly common high-intensity fires in the western United States. Here we provide an overview of the proposed experiment and recommendations for key measurements. The FASMEE study provides a template for additional large-scale experimental campaigns to advance fire science and operational fire and smoke models.
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- 2019
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11. Dual-Frequency Radar Wave-Inversion for Sub-Surface Material Characterization.
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Ishfaq Aziz, Elahe Soltanaghai, Adam Watts, and Mohamad Alipour
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- 2024
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12. Idnetification of High Spatiotemporal Resolution Parameters in the Tau-Omega Model for UAS-Based Passive Microwave Soil Moisture Retrieval.
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Runze Zhang, Adam Watts, Derek Houtz, Abhi Nayak, Elahe Soltanaghai, and Mohamad Alipour
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- 2024
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13. Joint Soil and Above-Ground Biomass Characterization Using Radars.
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Luke Jacobs, Mohamad Alipour, Adam Watts, and Elahe Soltanaghai
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- 2024
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14. Balancing Inequalities: A Board Game for Young People from Coastal Communities to Discuss Plausible Futures.
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Vanissa Wanick, Cara Black, Craig W. Hutton, Mary Barker, and Adam Watts
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- 2023
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15. Is 'Additional' Effort Always Negative?: Understanding Discretionary Work in Interpersonal Communications.
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Ryan Kelly 0001, Daniel Gooch, and Leon Adam Watts
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- 2015
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16. Emotionally expressive robot behavior improves human-robot collaboration.
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Jekaterina Novikova, Leon Adam Watts, and Tetsunari Inamura
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- 2015
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17. LANL Test Engineering’s Structural Dynamics Research and Development Efforts
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Ethan Cramer, Greta Colford, Peter Fickenwirth, Garrison Flynn, Dustin Harvey, Colin Haynes, Andrew Morello, John Schultze, Stuart Taylor, Adam Watts, and Sandra Zimmerman
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- 2023
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18. A design model of emotional body expressions in non-humanoid robots.
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Jekaterina Novikova and Leon Adam Watts
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- 2014
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19. Forearm biomechanics and reconstruction: commentary and personal opinion
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Adam Watts
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Upper Extremity ,Forearm ,Radius ,Humans ,Surgery ,Ulna ,Biomechanical Phenomena - Published
- 2022
20. Understanding dispute resolution online: using text to reflect personal and substantive issues in conflict.
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Matt Billings and Leon Adam Watts
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- 2010
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21. The Impact of Social Presence on Feelings of Closeness in Personal Relationships.
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Daniel Gooch and Leon Adam Watts
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- 2015
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22. Free-hand sketch grouping for video retrieval.
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John P. Collomosse, Graham McNeill, and Leon Adam Watts
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- 2008
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23. A safe space to vent: Conciliation and conflict in distributed teams.
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Matt Billings and Leon Adam Watts
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- 2007
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24. Functional Data Modeling for Engineering Solutions [Slides]
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Samuel Myren and Adam Watts
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- 2022
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25. VERTICO. IV. Environmental Effects on the Gas Distribution and Star Formation Efficiency of Virgo Cluster Spirals
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Vicente Villanueva, Alberto D. Bolatto, Stuart Vogel, Tobias Brown, Christine D. Wilson, Nikki Zabel, Sara Ellison, Adam R. H. Stevens, María Jesús Jiménez Donaire, Kristine Spekkens, Mallory Tharp, Timothy A. Davis, Laura C. Parker, Ian D. Roberts, Dhruv Basra, Alessandro Boselli, Barbara Catinella, Aeree Chung, Luca Cortese, Bumhyun Lee, Adam Watts, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] ,Space and Planetary Science ,Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Galaxy clusters ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies - Abstract
We measure the molecular-to-atomic gas ratio, R mol, and the star formation rate (SFR) per unit molecular gas mass, SFEmol, in 38 nearby galaxies selected from the Virgo Environment Traced in CO (VERTICO) survey. We stack ALMA 12CO (J = 2−1) spectra coherently using H i velocities from the VIVA survey to detect faint CO emission out to galactocentric radii r gal ∼ 1.2 r 25. We determine the scale lengths for the molecular and stellar components, finding a ∼3:5 relation compared to ∼1:1 in field galaxies, indicating that the CO emission is more centrally concentrated than the stars. We compute R mol as a function of different physical quantities. While the spatially resolved R mol on average decreases with increasing radius, we find that the mean molecular-to-atomic gas ratio within the stellar effective radius R e , R mol(r < R e ), shows a systematic increase with the level of H i, truncation and/or asymmetry (HI perturbation). Analysis of the molecular- and the atomic-to-stellar mass ratios within R e , R ⋆ mol ( r < R e ) and R ⋆ atom ( r < R e ) , shows that VERTICO galaxies have increasingly lower R ⋆ atom ( r < R e ) for larger levels of HI perturbation (compared to field galaxies matched in stellar mass), but no significant change in R ⋆ m o l ( r < R e ) . We also measure a clear systematic decrease of the SFEmol within R e , SFEmol(r < Re ), with increasingly perturbed H i. Therefore, compared to field galaxies from the field, VERTICO galaxies are more compact in CO emission in relation to their stellar distribution, but increasingly perturbed atomic gas increases their R mol and decreases the efficiency with which their molecular gas forms stars.
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- 2022
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26. Elbow conditions: research priorities setting in partnership with the James Lind Alliance
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Harvinder Pal Singh, Han Hong Chong, Parag Raval, Pip Divall, Amar Rangan, Marcus Bateman, Adam Watts, Joideep Phadnis, Addie Majed, Valerie Jones, Radhakant Pandey, Jonathan Gower, Steve Gwilym, and Chris Peach
- Subjects
Adult ,Biomedical Research ,Caregivers ,Health Personnel ,Elbow Joint ,Elbow ,Humans ,General Medicine - Abstract
ObjectiveTo undertake a UK-based James Lind Alliance (JLA) Priority Setting Partnership for elbow conditions and be representative of the views of patients, carers and healthcare professionals (HCPs).SettingThis was a national collaborative study organised through the British Elbow and Shoulder Society.ParticipantsAdult patients, carers and HCPs who have managed or experienced elbow conditions, their carers and HCPs in the UK involved in managing of elbow conditions.MethodsThe rigorous JLA priority setting methodology was followed. Electronic and paper scoping surveys were distributed to identify potential research priority questions (RPQs). Initial responses were reviewed and a literature search was performed to cross-check categorised questions. Those questions already sufficiently answered were excluded and the remaining questions were ranked in a second survey according to priority for future elbow conditions research. Using the JLA methodology, responses from HCP and patients were combined to create a list of the top 18 questions. These were further reviewed in a dedicated multistakeholder workshop where the top 10 RPQs were agreed by consensus.ResultsThe process was completed over 24 months. The initial survey resulted in 467 questions from 165 respondents (73% HCPs and 27% patients/carers). These questions were reviewed and combined into 46 summary topics comprising: tendinopathy, distal biceps pathology, arthritis, stiffness, trauma, arthroplasty and cubital tunnel syndrome. The second (interim prioritisation) survey had 250 respondents (72% HCP and 28% patients/carers). The top 18 ranked questions from this survey were taken to the final workshop where a consensus was reached on the top 10 RPQs.ConclusionsThe top 10 RPQs highlight areas of importance that currently lack sufficient evidence to guide diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of elbow conditions. This collaborative process will guide researchers and funders regarding the topics that should receive most future attention and benefit patients and HCPs.
- Published
- 2022
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27. Abstract WP302: Simulating the Impact of Reducing Door-in-Door-out Times for Acute Stroke Transfers
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Roger Mei, Zahra Parnianpour, Jacob Gutstein, Shyam Prabhakaran, Rebeca Khorzad, Jane L. Holl, Christopher T Richards, Ohad Perry, Adam Watts, Sawyer Smith, Bruce E. Ankenman, and Isaac Frank
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Advanced and Specialized Nursing ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Quality assessment ,business.industry ,Emergency medicine ,medicine ,Neurology (clinical) ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Lead (electronics) ,business ,Stroke ,Acute stroke - Abstract
Introduction: Some acute stroke (AS)patients require transfer to comprehensive stroke centers (CSCs) for time-sensitive, advanced treatments that lead to better outcomes. However, door-in-door-out (DIDO). PSC DIDO processes at primary stroke centers (PSCs) can be prolonged and result in delay or failure to deliver the advanced treatments at the CSC. We simulated the impact of reducing PSC DIDO times on the rate of inappropriate transfers to CSCs, a potential consequence of such efforts. Methods: Clinicians from3Chicago-area CSCs and 3 affiliated PSCs and the two main ambulance providers created a PSC DIDO process map Patient-level data from the 3 PSCs (N-108) and estimates from the literature were used to determine the distribution, range, or proportion of each step in the process. Datainputs were varied using Python™ in simulations with 100 replications. Outputswere DIDO time, % patients transferred to CSC, and % inappropriate CSC transfers. Sensitivity analyses assessed most impactful factors on DIDO time. Results: Three key decision points for transfer of an AS patient to a CSC were identified: (1) After stroke code activation; (2) After telestroke consultation; and (3) Post-tPA administration(most common current process). The figureshows that increasing PSC transfer ratesimmediately after stroke code activation by 5% decreased DIDO time by 10 minutes (11%), while increasing the inappropriate CSC transfer rate by 4%. Sensitivity analyses show that total DIDO time is most sensitive to the proportion of PSC hemorrhagic strokes, accuracy of AS detection at triage, and proportion of AS patients arriving by EMS. Conclusions: A strategy of earlier detection of acute stroke at triage, followed rapidly by stroke code activation and streamlined transfer of AS patients is likely to benefit from CSC care is predicted to a large impact on DIDO times, with a very small trade-off in increasing inappropriate transfers.
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- 2020
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28. A retrospective analysis of ketamine administration by critical care paramedics in a pre-hospital care setting
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Julia Williams, Alan Cowley, Adam Watts, Nick Gray, Fionna Moore, and Pete Westhead
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Care setting ,Service Evaluation ,business.industry ,Applied Mathematics ,General Mathematics ,Retrospective analysis ,Medicine ,Ketamine ,Medical emergency ,business ,medicine.disease ,Hospital care ,medicine.drug - Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This project aims to describe pre-hospital use of ketamine in trauma by South East Coast Ambulance Service critical care paramedics and evaluate the occurrence of any side effects or adverse events. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of patients receiving pre-hospital ketamine for trauma between 16 March 2013 and 30 April 2017. Administrations were identified from Advanced Life Saving Interventions and Procedures reports submitted by the clinician and, later, from an electronic database. Each was scrutinised for patient demographics, doses and reports of side effects or adverse events. RESULTS: A total of 510 unique administrations were identified. Following the exclusion of 61 records, 449 (88.0%) administrations remained. The most common indication for administration of ketamine was lower limb injury, with 228 (50.8%) administrations. Ketamine was only administered intravenously, and the median dose of ketamine for all administrations was 30 mg (interquartile range 20–40 mg). The gender split was dominated by males who accounted for 302 (67.3%) administrations compared to 147 (32.7%) females. The median age of patients was 44 years (interquartile range 28–58 years), with women on average being older than men. Telephone calls to a consultant were made for 243/449 (54.1%) of the administrations, reflecting a need for sanctioning of the drug, advice on dosages or indications, for example. CONCLUSIONS: Critical care paramedics within a well governed system are able to safely administer ketamine within an approved dosing regimen under a Patient Group Direction. Median doses are in keeping with nationally approved guidelines. Reported side effects were within the described frequencies in the British National Formulary. Prospective studies are now needed in order to confirm the safety and efficacy of ketamine administration among the advanced paramedic population.
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- 2018
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29. Sports Injuries of the Shoulder
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Lennard Funk, Mike Walton, Adam Watts, Michael Hayton, Chye Yew Ng, Lennard Funk, Mike Walton, Adam Watts, Michael Hayton, and Chye Yew Ng
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- Sports medicine, Shoulder--Wounds and injuries--Treatment, Shoulder--Wounds and injuries--Surgery
- Abstract
This book provides a practical guide detailing the aetiology, diagnosis, relevant pathology, management principles, and outcomes of a variety of injuries to the shoulder including rotator cuff disorders, glenoid bone loss, and pectoralis major ruptures in both elite and non-elite athletes. Each chapter features clinical pearls and a question and answer section to emphasize key points. Sports Injuries of the Shoulder is an essential book for those seeking an up-to-date resource. It is aimed at sports doctors and musculoskeletal doctors; senior orthopedic trainees with an interest in upper limb and those preparing for the FRCSOrth exam and similar international exams, as well as surgeons with a particular interest in shoulder conditions.
- Published
- 2020
30. Sports Injuries of the Hand and Wrist
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Mike Hayton, Chye Yew Ng, Lennard Funk, Adam Watts, Mike Walton, Mike Hayton, Chye Yew Ng, Lennard Funk, Adam Watts, and Mike Walton
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- Sports injuries, Hand--Wounds and injuries, Wrist--Wounds and injuries
- Abstract
This book provides insights into sports medicine addressing trauma of the hand and wrist. This collection of injuries invites readers to trace aetiology, diagnosis, relevant pathology, management principles, and outcomes of numerous injuries in elite and non-elite athletes. The authors present management principles and outcomes. It is an ideal reference for postgraduate musculoskeletal doctors and therapists for Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine postgraduate degrees. Each approach to deal with an injury is underlined by case reports. Readers will also find valuable questions and answers fro self-assessment purpose. Sports Injuries of the Hand and Wrist is aimed at sports doctors, musculoskeletal doctors, senior orthopedic trainees with an interest in upper limb, orthopedic trainees preparing for the FRCSOrth exam and similar international exams, as well as upper hand and wrist surgeons in the earlier years of their practice.
- Published
- 2019
31. Supplementary material to 'Light absorption by polar and non-polar aerosol compounds from laboratory biomass combustion'
- Author
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Deep Sengupta, Vera Samburova, Chiranjivi Bhattarai, Elena Kirillova, Lynn Mazzoleni, Michealene Iaukea-Lum, Adam Watts, Hans Moosmüller, and Andrey Khlystov
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Toward High-Intensity Ionization Chamber Beam Intensity Monitors in Switchyard
- Author
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Adam Watts
- Subjects
Physics ,Optics ,business.industry ,High intensity ,Ionization chamber ,business ,Beam (structure) ,Intensity (physics) - Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Improved training of football referees and the decline in home advantage post-WW2
- Author
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Adam Watts, Thomas Webb, and Alan M. Nevill
- Subjects
Crowds ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Home advantage ,Demographic economics ,Football ,Psychological resilience ,League ,Psychology ,Training (civil) ,Applied Psychology ,media_common - Abstract
Objectives Research has identified a decline in home advantage (HA) in a number of professional leagues since World War 2 (WW2). The purpose of the current study was to identify whether the decline in HA in English and Scottish Professional Football Leagues is mirrored by the radical transformation in the training of referees post-WW2, thus providing a new insight into the cause of HA. Design A longitudinal quasi-experimental design. Methods HA was calculated for each team at the end of every season for the four English and the Scottish Premier League post-WW2. We also compiled a list of events, statements and quotations to illustrate the dramatic change in the way referees have been trained (physically and psychologically), and assessed over the same period. Results We observed a systematic decline in HA in professional English and Scottish leagues post-WW2, but with the steepest decline observed in lower divisions with smaller crowds. Of the factors thought to influence HA, crowd support appears the most consistent with these observations. Crowds are known to influence referees' decisions to favour the home side. However we argue that improved training of referees since WW2 has contributed to an improved ability to make objective decisions and a greater resilience to crowd influence, which explains the decline in HA but also accounts for the steeper decline observed with smaller crowds. Conclusions The continued existence of HA, and the less steep decline observed in top leagues suggests that referees' judgements are still not immune to the influence of larger crowds.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. A systematic review to compare three injection modalities in the management of pain and function for patients with chronic lateral epicondylalgia
- Author
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Lynne Gaskell, Adam Watts, Munir Khan, Mohammed Elmajee, Mostafa Elmajee, and Housameldin Raslan
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Modalities ,business.industry ,Epicondylitis ,MEDLINE ,CINAHL ,medicine.disease ,law.invention ,Autologous blood injection ,Systematic review ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Tennis elbow ,Physical therapy ,Medicine ,business ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
Aim: To provide an evidence-based scientific report on the efficacy of three common injection treatment modalities for Lateral Epicondylalgia (LE). These injections are contemporary and frequently used in clinical practice. \ud Objective: To systematically locate and appraise RCTs (Randomised Controlled Trials) of three comparative injection modalities (Corticosteroid Injection (CSI), Platelets Rich Plasma (PRP), and Autologous Blood Injection (ABI) and to review their efficacy in the management of pain and dysfunction associated with LE. \ud Search strategy: RCTs that compare at least two of the three injections modalities and published from January 2005 to September 2015 were systematically searched. The following online search engines were utilised: The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Central), Web of Sciences, PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and Academic Search Premier. The following search terms were used: “tennis elbow”, “lateral epicondylitis”, “corticosteroid injection”, “autologous blood injection”, “platelets rich plasma” and “randomised controlled trial”. The terms “tennis elbow” or “lateral epicondylitis” or “lateral epicondylalgia” were combined with each one of the injection modalities and the term “randomised controlled trial”. Methodological assessment was conducted by applying Sign 50 tool and The Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias. This systematic review protocol was conducted according to the standards presented in the Cochrane Handbook and recommendations in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement. \ud Results: Seven RCTs were included within this review. Overall methodological quality was high, mostly level I studies. Three RCTs compared the effects of PRP and ABI, three studies concerned the comparison between PRP and CSI, and one RCT related to the effectiveness of ABI and CSI. \ud Conclusion: Corticosteroid injections failed to demonstrate long-lasting significant clinical effects in chronic LE. However, PRP and ABI were shown to have a progressive and increasing effect from 6 months to one year following the injections. PRP and ABI demonstrated comparable effects in terms of pain and function. Further studies are warranted to justify the higher costs associated with the use of PRP.
- Published
- 2016
35. Arthroscopic debridement for posteromedial impingement
- Author
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Adam Watts
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Debridement (dental) ,medicine.medical_treatment ,medicine ,business ,Surgery - Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Surgical repair of distal triceps tendon rupture
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Adam Watts
- Subjects
Surgical repair ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,medicine ,Triceps tendon rupture ,business ,Surgery - Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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37. Use of PharmaCALogy Software in a PBL Programme to Teach Nurse Prescribing
- Author
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Iain P. L. Coleman and Adam Watts
- Subjects
Computer science ,business.industry ,education ,Educational technology ,Science education ,Education ,Test (assessment) ,User experience design ,Problem-based learning ,Nursing ,Constructivism (philosophy of education) ,Mathematics education ,Technology integration ,Nurse education ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,business - Abstract
Pharmacology is taught on a dedicated module for nurse prescribers who have a limited physical science background. To facilitate learning a problem-based approach was adopted. However, to enhance students’ knowledge of drug action a PharmaCALogy software package from the British Pharmacological Society was used. Students were alternately given a lecture or encountered the software as a prelude to a short test a week later. The process was repeated with their roles reversed, followed by use of a questionnaire to evaluate user experience. Generally students receiving the lecture first performed better on the test but after experiencing both forms of learning there was little difference in performance. Response was positive with regard to the software especially the aspect of visualising drug interactions. However, lack of prior knowledge and paucity of time on task were seen as negative features. The responses indicate measures that may improve the student experience by taking greater note of learni...
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
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38. The changing shape characteristics associated with success in world-class sprinters
- Author
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Iain P. L. Coleman, Alan M. Nevill, and Adam Watts
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Athletic Performance ,Muscle mass ,World class ,Body Mass Index ,Running ,Anthropometric parameters ,Young Adult ,Body Size ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Muscle, Skeletal ,Simulation ,Leg ,biology ,Athletes ,Somatotypes ,Organ Size ,Stride length ,biology.organism_classification ,Sprint ,Female ,Psychology ,human activities ,Body mass index ,Demography - Abstract
The aims of this study were to identify whether relative shape and size characteristics of world-class sprinters have changed over time, and whether any anthropometric parameters characterize the most successful world-class sprinters. The results suggest that body mass index, reflecting greater muscle mass rather than greater adiposity, is an important factor associated with success in both male and female world-class sprinters over time. However, in female athletes the reciprocal ponderal index (RPI) has emerged as a more important indicator of success over several decades, with taller, more linear sprinters achieving greater success, as measured by sprint speed. In male sprinters it is only in the most recent decade that RPI has emerged as an important predictor of success. We speculate that the prominence of the RPI and an ectomophic somatotype being typical of the most successful world-class sprinters might be explained, in part, by the influence of stride length on sprint speed. In conclusion, these results suggest that coaches, selectors, and sports scientists should consider body shape when selecting potential athletes for sprint events, encouraging more linear athletes with a high RPI.
- Published
- 2011
39. Adjusting athletes' body mass index to better reflect adiposity in epidemiological research
- Author
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Alan M. Nevill, Steve Ingham, Georgios S. Metsios, Arthur D. Stewart, Adam Watts, and Edward M. Winter
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Body Mass Index ,Correlation ,Young Adult ,Bias ,Linear regression ,Epidemiology ,medicine ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Obesity ,Adiposity ,Analysis of covariance ,Analysis of Variance ,biology ,Athletes ,business.industry ,Reproducibility of Results ,Nutritional status ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Surgery ,Skinfold Thickness ,Case-Control Studies ,Regression Analysis ,Female ,business ,Epidemiologic Methods ,Body mass index ,Demography ,Sports - Abstract
The aim of the present study was to identify when body mass index (BMI) is unlikely to be a valid measure of adiposity in athletic populations and to propose a simple adjustment that will allow the BMI of athletes to reflect the adiposity normally associated with non-athletic populations. Using data from three previously published studies containing 236 athletes from seven sports and 293 age-matched controls, the association between adiposity (sum of 4 skinfold thicknesses, in millimetres) and BMI was explored using correlation, linear regression, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). As anticipated, there were strong positive correlations (r = 0.83 for both men and women) and slope parameters between adiposity and BMI in age-matched controls from Study 1 (all P0.001). The standard of sport participation reduced these associations. Of the correlations and linear-regression slope parameters between adiposity and BMI in the sports from Studies 2 and 3, although still positive in most groups, less than half of the correlations and slope parameters were statistically significant. When data from the three studies were combined, the ANCOVA identified that the BMI slope parameter of controls (5.81 mm (kg m(-2))(-1)) was greater than the BMI slope parameter for sports (2.62 mm (kg m(-2))(-1)) and middle-distance runners (0.94 mm (kg m(-2))(-1)) (P0.001). Based on these contrasting associations, we calculated how the BMI of athletes can be adjusted to reflect the same adiposity associated with age-matched controls. This simple adjustment allows the BMI of athletes and non-athletes to be used with greater confidence when investigating the effect of BMI as a risk factor in epidemiological research.
- Published
- 2010
40. The changing shape of 'successful' professional footballers
- Author
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Roger Holder, Adam Watts, and Alan M. Nevill
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Body height ,education ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Football ,Body size ,Logistic regression ,Body weight ,Body Mass Index ,Young Adult ,Soccer ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Simulation ,Football players ,biology ,Athletes ,Body Weight ,Age Factors ,biology.organism_classification ,humanities ,Body Height ,Psychology ,human activities ,Body mass index ,Demography - Abstract
Football coaches and sports scientists are always seeking to identify key characteristics that can distinguish between successful and less successful footballers and teams. The purpose of the present article was to identify whether any body size, shape, and age characteristics might be associated with more successful professional footballers and whether any such characteristics might have changed over time. We found that despite a significant increase in professional footballers' height, body mass, and body mass index (BMI) from 1973-74 to 2003-04, no differences in the body shape parameter, reciprocal ponderal index (RPI) or age were identified. Goalkeepers, central defenders, and central strikers were found to be taller (P < 0.001), heavier (P < 0.001), and older (P < 0.001) than players playing in wider positions, but midfielders and wider players were found to have both lower BMI and RPI than central players. However, when players from successful teams (top six) were compared with less successful teams using binary logistic regression, players from successful teams were found to be taller and more linear (as identified by a greater RPI and ectomorphy score; both P < 0.05) and also younger (P < 0.05), a trend that appears to have increased in the most recent season studied, 2003-2004, a characteristic that is most marked among forwards (P < 0.05). In conclusion, these results suggest that football coaches and talent scouts should pay attention to the body shape (selecting taller/more linear athletes with a high RPI) when selecting potential players for their squads.
- Published
- 2009
41. The Changing Shape Of Successful Professional Tennis Players
- Author
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Adam Watts, Iain P. L. Coleman, and Alan M. Nevill
- Subjects
Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine - Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Re: ‘Longitudinal Instability of the Forearm: Anatomy, Biomechanics, and Treatment Considerations’
- Author
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Marlis Sabo and Adam Watts
- Subjects
Rehabilitation ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Surgery - Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. The Changing Shape Of 'Successful' Premiership Footballers
- Author
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Adam Watts, Roger Holder, and Alan M. Nevill
- Subjects
Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine - Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Medium-term outcome following intra-articular corticosteroid injection in first CMC joint arthritis using fluoroscopy
- Author
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Wies Maarse, Adam Watts, and Gregory Bain
45. Contribution of different chemical species to brown carbon aerosol in biomass buring emissions
- Author
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Khlystov, A., Samburova, V., Connolly, J., Bhattarai, C., Sengupta, D., Adam Watts, and Moosmüller, H.
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