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Wood carving is a traditional visual art that serves as architectural decoration in various cultures worldwide. However, issues involve the three-dimensional wood carvings of buah buton on traditional houses in Luak Tanah Mengandung, believed to symbolize one's status in Adat Perpatih. This article aims to analyze the relationship between buah buton and social status within the Adat Perpatih society in this region. To achieve this, the article employs qualitative research methodology, highlighting two approaches: field studies targeting four traditional houses in Luak Tanah Mengandung, Negeri Sembilan, and interviews involving six informants from diverse backgrounds. The findings indicate that buah buton can only be found on houses inhabited by individuals of high status. Furthermore, the number and positioning of buah buton vary among these houses. The application of buah buton in each house depends on specific spaces and is closely linked to Adat Perpatih. This is reinforced by the positioning of these elements, whether inside or outside the house, being associated with influential owners in the tradition. In conclusion, buah buton is not merely a house ornament; it symbolizes the owner's status within Adat Perpatih. The study's implications also highlight the significance of symbolism in influencing the social structure and community of this tradition. Therefore, the article suggests further research to expand the scope of comparing and contrasting buah buton within this customary society. This endeavor not only enriches the understanding of customs and culture but also aids in the preservation and conservation processes in the face of modernity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractCarving is a historical art form utilized for adornment and as a status symbol worldwide, and buah buton is no exception. Therefore, this article aims to establish a relationship between buah buton’s wood carving and social leadership. Other than that, this study uses qualitative research methods, including fieldwork and interviews. The fieldwork targets traditional houses around Luak Tanah Mengandung, Negeri Sembilan, with buah buton. Moreover, interviews were conducted with heirs, customary leaders, researchers, and local community members. According to the findings of this study based on two methods, buah buton can only be discovered in traditional houses belonging to customary leaders and the nobility. In the Adat Perpatih community, the buah buton serves as a significant symbol of authority, social hierarchy, and communal values. It is not only a decorative embellishment. Its presence in traditional houses conveys a clear impression of the moral character of leaders and their dedication to maintaining this unique Malaysian community’s customs and traditions. Therefore, buah buton is a justification that verifies a person’s status within a communal group by applying the subject to specific parts of their residence. This research’s findings can serve as a guide for the design of houses that employ buah buton involving philosophy, aesthetics and meaning to refer to the context of the symbolism of leadership in the contemporary era.

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Carving is a historical art form utilized for adornment and as a status symbol worldwide, and buah buton is no exception. Therefore, this article aims to establish a relationship between buah buton's wood carving and social leadership. Other than that, this study uses qualitative research methods, including fieldwork and interviews. The fieldwork targets traditional houses around Luak Tanah Mengandung, Negeri Sembilan, with buah buton. Moreover, interviews were conducted with heirs, customary leaders, researchers, and local community members. According to the findings of this study based on two methods, buah buton can only be discovered in traditional houses belonging to customary leaders and the nobility. In the Adat Perpatih community, the buah buton serves as a significant symbol of authority, social hierarchy, and communal values. It is not only a decorative embellishment. Its presence in traditional houses conveys a clear impression of the moral character of leaders and their dedication to maintaining this unique Malaysian community's customs and traditions. Therefore, buah buton is a justification that verifies a person's status within a communal group by applying the subject to specific parts of their residence. This research's findings can serve as a guide for the design of houses that employ buah buton involving philosophy, aesthetics and meaning to refer to the context of the symbolism of leadership in the contemporary era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Customary sayings are the traditional words delivered in the form of poetry and practiced in various social activities in Negeri Sembilan in marriage, family, criminal law and administration. Sudeen (1995) recorded that studies on customary sayings have been conducted from the early 20th century in the history of custom, marriage system, political system and the dispensation of inheritance.This study examines the content words and function words in customary sayings that have been categorized based on the semantic domain concept by Gliozzo (2006). Based on the content words and function words, this study has identified the customary words in the corpus data. The results show that more function words were used in the customary sayings. However, content words dominated the list of customary sayings, such as Datuk and custom. The function words 'nan' and 'dek' were found in all domains of the study namely, political, social and economic domains. These findings indicate that function words are not only grammatically functional, but also used to give an aesthetic impact through the articulation style of the local dialect. On the other hand, the analysis of the content words shows that the use of customary words is influenced by the environment and culture of Adat Perpatih.

Harta Sepencarian (jointly acquired property) has been practiced for decades by the Malay society. In fact, this practice is in line with the existence of Malay custom especially Adat Perpatih and Adat Temenggung. Customs is something that can never be separated from historical studies, particularly when it involves the origin of matters in a society. Hence, this article explored the practice of the harta sepencarian (jointly acquired property) and its development according to the history of Malay custom. This article used library research as a method of data collection and was then analyzed through thematic content analysis. All this method applied in researching aspects of harta sepencarian (jointly acquired property) practice in the society. In addition to other academic writing, some examples of cases that had been decided by the Court also has been elaborated to show evidence that the practice of harta sepencarian (jointly acquired property) has been accepted and practiced by the community over the years. Therefore, this study found that the practice of Harta Sepencarian (jointly acquired property) is not something new, but it has been part of the Malay customs history not only in Malaysia but also in Malay Archipelago, mainly in Southeast Asia. Besides that, Harta Sepencarian (jointly acquired property) which was associated with Malay custom and is now recognized by Islamic law and Malaysia’s jurisprudence surely has its own uniqueness and identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malaysia is known for its rich custom, culture and heritage due to its diversity of race, ethnic and religion. Customs represents traditions, culture, practice, rules and beliefs of an essential part of the social and economic system. Tradition is also rules that have been made since immemorial time which defined language, beliefs, values and norms that shape the life of a particular society. Adat Perpatih and Adat Temenggong have been associated with the Malay people. Adat Temenggung is a custom that are based on patrilineal or paternal descendants while Adat Perpatih is a custom that are based on matrilineal or maternal descendants. Adat Temenggong is widely practiced in most of the states in Malaysia except for Negeri Sembilan state. Majority of Negeri Sembilan people practiced Adat Perpatih. This custom is practiced by most customary districts in Negeri Sembilan. There are 13 customary districts in Negeri Sembilan namely Luak Jelebu, Luak Jempol, Luak Muar, Luak Johol, Luak Gemenceh, Luak Air Kuning, Luak Inas, Luak Tampin, Luak Gunung Pasir, Luak Terachi, Luak Rembau, Luak Linggi and Luak Sungei Ujong. This study aims to discover the awareness of local communities in preservation and practices of Adat Perpatih in Mukim Pantai, Seremban. The research used qualitative approach whereby data is collected through semi-structured/open-ended interviews with the local communities in this village or kampung. The result of this research project has shown that there are evidence of inheritance and preservation of Adat Perpatih in Mukim Pantai, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan.

Customary sayings are the traditional words delivered in the form of poetry and practiced in various social activities in Negeri Sembilan in marriage, family, criminal law and administration. Sudeen (1995) recorded that studies on customary sayings have been conducted from the early 20th century in the history of custom, marriage system, political system and the dispensation of inheritance.This study examines the content words and function words in customary sayings that have been categorized based on the semantic domain concept by Gliozzo (2006). Based on the content words and function words, this study has identified the customary words in the corpus data. The results show that more function words were used in the customary sayings. However, content words dominated the list of customary sayings, such as Datuk and custom. The function words 'nan' and 'dek' were found in all domains of the study namely, political, social and economic domains. These findings indicate that function words are not only grammatically functional, but also used to give an aesthetic impact through the articulation style of the local dialect. On the other hand, the analysis of the content words shows that the use of customary words is influenced by the environment and culture of Adat Perpatih. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, Malays residential design has been influenced by modern design that has ignored the wellness factor thus inviting the difficulties and inconvenience to residents. Reinterpretated the concept of space in Malay house must be pursued to enhance the understanding against the important of space function for a lesson and seen their suitability to applied in nowdays design reflected to Malaysian culture and identity. This article will focus on serambi space in Negeri Sembilan traditional Malay house by describing deeply the diversity function of serambi through conducting research on role of serambi space during the execution of Adat Perpatih activities. The methodology used for these qualitative study is analysis of previous studies, deeply observation and narrative studies including the exclusive interview with the customary chiefs and expert scholars of Adat Perpatih and the architecture of Negeri Sembilan traditional Malay house. Several respondents were interviewed and the data obtained were analysed by using thematic analysis. Four themes have been developed which is serambi as a discussion space, ritual space, social space and educated inhabitant manners. Themes discussion will describe the diversity function of serambi in Negeri Sembilan Malay house towards antropologies perspective. Result of the study show the serambi space designed by previous Malay community has demonstrated extensive functionality to cover the needs of inhabitant daily life, customs practiced and filling the Islamic demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Luak Naning was a state with an absolute power led by a headman or Penghulu before being under the sway of British on 15 June 1832. Portuguese and Dutch were indeed the two European powers which previously invaded Luak Naning prior to the British. Naning was the only state in Malaya that led by the headman who was then assisted by Chieftain of Four Tribes or Pembesar Empat Suku. This article focuses on the survival of the traditional form of government, even though Naning was dominated by the Portuguese and Dutch. The traditional form of government in Naning, which was based on the Customary Law of Adat Perpatih was said to be systematic, organised and able to create harmony and unity among local communities; however, the British later amended it in 1832. The discussion of this article will anchor to the election of Penghulu Dato' Naning, organisation powers, distributions of powers, and power of local leaders in Naning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Customary sayings are verses presented in poetry form. There have been countless researches conducted on customary sayings from literary and language perspectives. Those earlier studies for example literary studies on the one hand, tend to focus on the categorization of the customary sayings into teromba or gurindam. Language studies on the other hand, tend to focus on language styles and politeness. Based on his study, Hooykaas concluded that one of the important aspects in sayings is the presence of repetition and parallelism. This study aims to identify the patterns and meanings of parallelism in sayings. Short's guidelines on parallelism was adopted. This study uses a compilation of customary sayings known as Jelebu Customary Songs and Sayings that was published by Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society in 1918 and 1965. Data were analyzed by theme or domain, such as marriage and the law. Findings from the study show that parallelism in customary sayings are found in the verses only. The parallelism patterns in the sayings display repetition and parallelism structures. In terms of meaning, parallelism in customary sayings exhibits a relationship between synonyms and antithetic because the lexical meaning in parallelism is either similar or contradictory. In addition, it was also discovered that words used in the sayings are words that relate to the universe and words on customs to build the parallel structure. This study has contributed information on forms and meaning of parallelism in customary sayings and its tie to the Adat Perpatih. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unique design of Negeri Sembilan traditional houses represents the indigenous perpatih custom or matrilineal kinship system practiced by the society in Negeri Sembilan. In fact, the design of the roof with its long tapering ends raised slightly at both sides has become the unique architectural identity of Negeri Sembilan. Although customs and regional factors have influenced the designs of the traditional houses, nevertheless the originality of the concept and philosophy of the architectural design of the house are often said to match the design of customary house in Minangkabau, Indonesia. This research aims to identify and analyse some of the differences in the traditional house designs in West Sumatera, Indonesia and Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. This study will look at the evolution of the Negeri Sembilan traditional house design that originated from Minangkabau. Location studies involve several villages of traditional houses in Padang, Bukit Tinggi, Kampar Kiri, in West Sumatra, Indonesia and Rembau, Kuala Pilah, Tampin in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]