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AIMS: To examine (1) the prevalence of depressive symptoms in women with Type 2 diabetes, (2) the associations between depressive symptoms and the following dependent variables: sleep disturbance; physical activity; physical health-related; and global quality of life, and (3) the potential moderating effects of antidepressants and optimism on the relationship between depressive symptoms and dependent variables. METHODS: Participants in the Womens Health Initiative who had Type 2 diabetes and data on depressive symptoms (N=8895) were included in the analyses. In multivariable linear regression models controlling for sociodemographic, medical and psychosocial covariates, we examined the main effect of depressive symptoms, as well as the interactions between depressive symptoms and antidepressant use, and between depressive symptoms and optimism, on sleep disturbance, physical activity, physical health-related quality of life; and global quality of life. RESULTS: In all, 16% of women with Type 2 diabetes reported elevated depressive symptoms. In multivariable analyses, women with depressive symptoms had greater sleep disturbance (P

Background: Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain condition characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and cognitive difficulties, affecting individuals across all age groups. Positive affect (PA) interventions have shown promise in enhancing emotional well-being and pain management in patients with diverse chronic pain conditions. However, the efficacy of internet-delivered PA interventions for individuals with fibromyalgia remains understudied., Objective: This randomized controlled trial investigated the efficacy of a web-based PA regulation intervention-Lessons in Affect Regulation to Keep Stress and Pain Under Control (LARKSPUR)-in enhancing emotional and functional well-being among adults with fibromyalgia syndrome., Methods: A total of 95 participants with fibromyalgia syndrome aged 50 years and older (89/95, 94% female) were randomized to one of two fully automated conditions: (1) LARKSPUR (n=49) or (2) emotion reporting/attention control (n=46). At the postintervention and 1-month follow-up time points, participants completed 7 consecutive, end-of-day, web-based reports capturing positive events (PE), pain, fatigue, PA, and negative affect., Results: Compared to control, LARKSPUR resulted in greater improvements in daily affective responsivity to PE at the postintervention time point, including greater reductions in negative affect (b L -b C =-0.06, 95% highest posterior density interval [HPD] -0.10 to -0.02) and increases in PA (b L -b C =0.10, 95% HPD 0.02-0.19). Furthermore, across the postintervention and 1-month follow-up time points, LARKSPUR led to greater reductions in pain (b L -b C =-0.20, 95% HPD -0.36 to -0.04) and fatigue (b L -b C =-0.24, 95% HPD -0.41 to -0.06) following PE., Conclusions: This randomized controlled trial provides initial evidence that a web-based PA skills intervention can enhance emotional well-being and reduce pain and fatigue in aging adults with fibromyalgia., Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04869345; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04869345., (©Anthony Ong, Kenneth Wilcox, M Carrington Reid, Elaine Wethington, Dakota Cintron, Elizabeth Addington, Selin Goktas, Judith Moskowitz. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (https://www.jmir.org), 10.12.2024.)

The biosynthetic machinery for the production of colibactin is encoded by 19 genes ( clbA - S ) within the pks pathogenicity island harboured by many E. coli of the B2-phylogroup. Colibactin is a potent genotoxic metabolite which causes DNA-damage and which has potential roles in microbial competition and fitness of pks + bacteria. Colibactin has also been strongly implicated in the development of colorectal cancer. Given the genotoxicity of colibactin and the metabolic cost of its synthesis, the regulatory system governing the clb cluster is accordingly highly complex, and many of the mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In this review we summarise the current understanding of regulation of colibactin biosynthesis by internal molecular components and how these factors are modulated by signals from the external environment.

Background: Although active surveillance (AS) is an increasingly adopted treatment paradigm for management of very low risk prostate cancer, many men and their partners face a variety of AS-related psychosocial stressors. Stressors may include anxiety and fear of progression, which may negatively affect short- and long-term psychosocial adjustment and influence early withdrawal from AS in order to seek definitive therapies such as surgery or radiation. Here we describe the protocol for an NCI-funded trial, which seeks to examine the efficacy of mindfulness training compared with a time/attention-matched health promotion control condition in a geographically generalizable sample of men on AS and their spouses., Methods: Using a randomized, controlled, partially double-blinded study design, this study involves the delivery of 8 weeks of standardized mindfulness training (MBSR; mindfulness-based stress reduction) and patient reported outcomes over a 12-month period (proposed enrollment of 80 men on AS and spouses), compared with a health promotion control (proposed enrollment of 80 men on AS and spouses) that has been matched for time and attention. Baseline (T1) measures (e.g., anxiety, fear of progression, quality of life) are administered just prior to randomization to the two study arms, followed by repeated assessments at 2 months (T2), 6 months (T3) and 12 months (T4)., Conclusion: This study has the potential to offer men and their partners on AS with important educational and self-regulatory skills to better cope and adjust with known stressors related to being placed on this protocol., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Actinobacteria is an ancient phylum of Gram-positive bacteria with a characteristic high GC content to their DNA. The ActinoBase Wiki is focused on the filamentous actinobacteria, such as Streptomyces species, and the techniques and growth conditions used to study them. These organisms are studied because of their complex developmental life cycles and diverse specialised metabolism which produces many of the antibiotics currently used in the clinic. ActinoBase is a community effort that provides valuable and freely accessible resources, including protocols and practical information about filamentous actinobacteria. It is aimed at enabling knowledge exchange between members of the international research community working with these fascinating bacteria. ActinoBase is an anchor platform that underpins worldwide efforts to understand the ecology, biology and metabolic potential of these organisms. There are two key differences that set ActinoBase apart from other Wiki-based platforms: [1] ActinoBase is specifically aimed at researchers working on filamentous actinobacteria and is tailored to help users overcome challenges working with these bacteria and [2] it provides a freely accessible resource with global networking opportunities for researchers with a broad range of experience in this field.

The actinomycetes are Gram-positive bacteria belonging to the order Actinomycetales within the phylum Actinobacteria . They include members with significant economic and medical importance, for example filamentous actinomycetes such as Streptomyces species, which have a propensity to produce a plethora of bioactive secondary metabolites and form symbioses with higher organisms, such as plants and insects. Studying these bacteria is challenging, but also fascinating and very rewarding. As a Microbiology Society initiative, members of the actinomycete research community have been developing a Wikipedia-style resource, called ActinoBase, the purpose of which is to aid in the study of these filamentous bacteria. This review will highlight 10 publications from 2019 that have been of special interest to the ActinoBase community, covering 4 major components of actinomycete research: (i) development and regulation; (ii) specialized metabolites; (iii) ecology and host interactions; and (iv) technology and methodology.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an issue of upmost global importance, with an annually increasing mortality rate and growing economic burden. Poor antimicrobial stewardship has resulted in an abundance and diverse range of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms. To tackle AMR effectively, better diagnostic tests must be developed in order to improve antibiotic stewardship and reduce the emergence of antibiotic resistant organisms. This study employs a low-cost, commercially available screen printed electrode modified with an agarose-based hydrogel deposit to monitor bacterial growth using the techniques of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) giving rise to a new approach to measuring susceptibility. Susceptible and drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains were deposited onto agarose gel modified electrodes which contained clinically important antibiotics to establish growth profiles for each bacterial strain and monitor the influence of the antibiotic on bacterial growth. The results show that S. aureus is able to grow on electrodes modified with gel containing no antibiotic, but is inhibited when the gel modified electrode is seeded with antibiotic. Conversely, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA; the drug resistant strain) is able to grow on gel modified electrodes containing clinically relevant concentrations of antibiotic. Results show rapid growth profiles, with possible time to results for antibiotic susceptibility <45 min, a significant improvement on the current gold standards of at least 1-2 days., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Male Wistar rats (n = 72) trained to run on a treadmill were fasted overnight and fed by gavage 3 ml unsupplemented water or a solution containing 2 g of glucose, fructose or sucrose 30 min prior to exercise. Six rats from each dietary group were killed after 0, 1 or 2 h of exercise. Blood glucose levels decreased in all groups over the 2-h exercise period; however, the largest decline in blood glucose was exhibited by the rats fed unsupplemented water (-32.1%), followed by those fed fructose (-26.9%), sucrose (-13.9%) and glucose (-8.3%). The water-fed control rats also had the largest increase in circulating free fatty acids (+215.4%), followed by those fed fructose (+120.8%), sucrose (+69.2%) and glucose (+57.5%). The fructose-fed animals exhibited the greatest depletion of liver glycogen and the smallest decline in soleus and red vastus lateralis muscle glycogen of the rats fed the different carbohydrates. The data indicate that exercise-induced changes in substrate levels can be modified by the type of carbohydrate given prior to exercise.