41 results on '"Adeel Sattar"'
Search Results
2. Biosynthesis and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Nigella sativa against coccidiosis in commercial poultry
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Najam-ul Lail, Adeel Sattar, Muhammad Ovais Omer, Mian Abdul Hafeez, Abdur Rauf Khalid, Sammina Mahmood, Muhammad Abubakr Shabbir, Waqas Ahmed, Muhammad Tahir Aleem, Abdulaziz Alouffi, and Mashal M. Almutairi
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Coccidiosis causes huge economic losses worldwide. Current study evaluated the effect of biosynthesized Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) using Nigella sativa, on Eimeria tenella infected broilers. Scanning electron microscopy showed spherical ZnONPs with 50–100 nm diameter, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy revealed the functional groups involved in the reduction of zinc acetate dihydrate to ZnONPs, UV–vis spectroscopy showed a peak at 354 nm, and Zeta potential exhibited stability at − 30 mV. A total of 150, a day-old broiler chicks were divided into 5 equal groups. Control negative: uninfected and untreated; Control positive: Infected and untreated; 3rd, 4th and 5th group were infected orally with 5 × 104 sporulated oocysts of Eimeria tenella and treated with 60 mg/kg ZnONPs, 1% Nigella sativa seeds and amprolium 125 ppm, respectively. ZnONPs significantly (p
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- 2023
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3. Exploring the Interplay of the CRISPR-CAS System with Antibiotic Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus: A Poultry Meat Study from Lahore, Pakistan
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Muhammad Abu Bakr Shabbir, Aziz Ul-Rahman, Muhammad Rizwan Iftikhar, Majeeda Rasheed, Muhammad Kashif Maan, Adeel Sattar, Mehmood Ahmad, Farid Ahmed Khan, Waqas Ahmad, Muhammad Ilyas Riaz, and Hassaan Bin Aslam
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S. aureus ,CRISPR-cas system ,Cas10 gene ,MDR ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major pathogens responsible for causing food poisoning worldwide. The emergence of antibiotic resistance in this bacterium is influenced by various factors. Among them, bacterial acquired defense systems described as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-cas system might be involved in antibiotic resistance development in bacteria. The current study was designed to assess the prevalence of S. aureus and its antibiotic resistance profile and identify the relationship of the CRISPR-cas system with antimicrobial resistance, followed by phylogenetic analysis. Total samples (n = 188) of poultry meat were collected from the poultry bird market of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. We used both phenotypic (antibiotic disc diffusion) and genotypic methods (PCR) to identify multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains of S. aureus. Additionally, the role of the CRISPR-Cas system in the isolated MDR S. aureus was also assessed. In addition, real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to evaluate the association of the CRISPR-cas system with antimicrobial resistance. All of the S. aureus isolates showed 100% resistance against erythromycin, 97.5% were resistant to tetracycline, and 75% were resistant to methicillin. Eleven isolates were MDR in the current study. The CRISPR system was found in all MDR isolates, and fifteen spacers were identified within the CRISPR locus. Furthermore, MDR S. aureus isolates and the standard strain showed higher expression levels of CRISPR-associated genes. The correlation of said system with MDR isolates points to foreign gene acquisition by horizontal transfer. Current knowledge could be utilized to tackle antibiotic-resistant bacteria, mainly S. aureus.
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- 2024
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4. Niclosamide Modulates the Cellular and Humoral Immune Response in Balb/c Mice
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Bilal Mahmood Beg, Aqeel Javeed, Muhammad Ashraf, Arfan Ahmad, Adeel Sattar, and Mehmood Ahmad
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cellular immunity ,humoral immunity ,immunomodulation ,niclosamide ,tgf-β1 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Background: Niclosamide, a STAT3 inhibitor, is widely under investigation due to its anti-cancer properties. STAT3 also exhibits an exciting role in the immune responses. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of niclosamide on immune response of mice. Methods: Niclosamide was administered to balb/c mice. To evaluate cell-mediated immune response, a contact-hypersensitivity (CHS) test, cyclophosphamide-induced neutropenic assay, and carbon clearance test were performed, whereas a humoral immune response was evaluated by hemagglutination assay (HA) and mice lethality test. The concentration of TGF-β1 was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on murine peritoneal macrophages. Results: In the CHS test, niclosamide caused a decrease in skin thickness, significantly exhibiting a decrease in inflammation. A highly significant decrease in overall leukocyte count (lymphocytes and neutrophils) was observed before and after cyclophosphamide injection as compared with the control group. However, only a highly significant decrease in the neutrophil percentage was observed. Niclosamide has decreased the phagocytic process immensely compared with the control. In the HA titer, niclosamide was found to reduce the antibodies' titer compared with the negative control group. In the mice lethality test, the treatment groups have shown an increase in the percentage of mortality. TGF-β1 elevated in peritoneal macrophages when treated with niclosamide, in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: Niclosamide exerts potent immunomodulatory effects by significantly suppressing cell-mediated and humoral immune responses and increasing the levels of TGF-β1 in mice. Niclosamide might be added as an adjuvant to immunosuppressive drugs for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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- 2022
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5. Unveiling Oxidative Stress-Induced Genotoxicity and Its Alleviation through Selenium and Vitamin E Therapy in Naturally Infected Cattle with Lumpy Skin Disease
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Waqas Ahmad, Adeel Sattar, Mehmood Ahmad, Muhammad Waqar Aziz, Asif Iqbal, Muhammad Yasin Tipu, Rana Muhammad Zahid Mushtaq, Naeem Rasool, Hafiz Saleet Ahmed, and Muhammad Ahmad
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Lumpy skin disease ,Pakistan ,comet assay ,tocopherol ,selenium ,oxidative stress ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a contagious infection of cattle caused by a virus of the Poxviridae family, genus Capripoxvirus. In Pakistan, recent outbreaks have resulted in significant nationwide mortality and economic losses. A 20-day prospective cohort study was performed on sixty infected cattle with the aim to evaluate LSD-induced oxidative stress’s genotoxic role and to determine the ameliorative effect of antioxidant therapy using principal component analysis (PCA) and a multivariable ordinal logistic regression model. LSDV was identified from scab samples and nodular lesions using RPO30-specific gene primers. The infected cattle were divided into control and treated groups. The animals were observed initially and finally on day 20 to evaluate the homeostatic, oxidative, and genotoxic changes. The animals in the treated group were administered a combination of selenium (Se) and vitamin E at the standard dose rate for five consecutive days. A substantial (p < 0.05) improvement in the hematological indices was observed in the treated group. The treated group also showed a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in levels of serum nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) post-therapy. The PCA at the final sampling data of the treated group showed that Principal Component (PC1 eigenvalue 1.429) was influenced by superoxide dismutase (SOD; 0.3632), catalase (CAT; 0.2906), and glutathione (GSH; 0.0816) and PC2 (eigenvalue 1.200) was influenced by CAT (0.4362), MDA (0.2056), and NO (0.0693). A significant correlation between serum NO (76%) and MDA levels (80%) was observed with genetic damage index (GDI) scores. The ordinal logistic regression model regarding the use of antioxidant therapy revealed 73.95-times (95%CI; 17.36–314.96) improvement in the GDI in treated animals. The multivariable ordinal logistic regression showed that each unit increase in NO and MDA resulted in a 13% increase in genotoxicity in infected individuals. In conclusion, our study revealed that LSD-induced oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation product causes genotoxicity in affected animals. Furthermore, the combined Se and vitamin E therapy significantly alleviated oxidative stress and genotoxicity in LSD-affected cattle.
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- 2023
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6. Protective Effects of Dexmedetomidine Infusion on Genotoxic Potential of Isoflurane in Patients Undergoing Emergency Surgery
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Sadaf Aroosa, Adeel Sattar, Aqeel Javeed, Muhammad Usman, Mian Abdul Hafeez, and Mehmood Ahmad
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Medicine - Abstract
Background. Isoflurane (ISO) has been extensively uses in general anesthesia and reported to cause deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage in prolonged surgical procedures. Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is an adrenergic agonist and having antioxidant activity that may reduce the genotoxic potential (DNA damage) and oxidative stress induced by ISO in patients undergoing major neurosurgical procedures. Methods and Findings. Twenty-four patients of ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) classes I and II were randomly divided into two groups (n = 12). Group A patients received ISO, while group B patients received DEX infusion for maintenance of anesthesia. Venous blood samples were collected at different time intervals and used to evaluate the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA) and endogenous antioxidants superoxide dismutases (SOD) and catalases (CAT). A single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE)-comet assay was used to investigate the genotoxic potential of ISO. Conclusion. Increased level of antioxidants and decreased value of MDA and genetic damage index were seen in group B (P
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- 2023
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7. Attitude and Acceptance towards COVID-19 Booster Doses among Literacy Advantaged Population in Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study
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Mehmood Ahmad, Adeel Sattar, Sadaf Aroosa, Arfa Majeed, Muhammad Adil Rasheed, Waqas Ahmad, Asif Iqbal, Muhammad Ovais Omer, Bilal Mahmood Beg, and Rana Muhammad Zahid Mushtaq
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attitude ,COVID-19 ,vaccine ,booster doses ,Pakistan ,Medicine - Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has affected billions of lives and is expected to impose a significant burden on the economy worldwide. Vaccination is the only way to prevent the infection. However, convincing people to get themselves vaccinated is challenging in developing countries such as Pakistan. Therefore, a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted (n = 982 participants) all over Pakistan to evaluate the perception, knowledge, attitude, and acceptance of the general public towards the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, in general, and a booster dose of SARS-CoV-2, in particular. The highest number of participants were from the province of Punjab (84.5%), followed by Islamabad (3.8%), Sindh (3.7%), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (2.7%), Baluchistan (2.6%), Gilgit Baltistan (1.4%), and Azad Jammu and Kashmir (1.4%). A total of 915 participants were vaccinated against COVID-19, out of which 62.2% received one booster dose, followed by double booster doses (25.5%) and single vaccine shots (12.3%). The highest number of vaccinated participants were from Punjab (85.8%), followed by Islamabad (3.9%), Sindh (2.8%); Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (2.6%); Baluchistan (2.3%); Gilgit-Baltistan (1.3%); and Azad, Jammu, and Kashmir (1.2%). Among the vaccinated individuals, 71.4% were unemployed, 27.4% were employed (653), and 1.2% were retired from service. However, no significant association was observed among genders and educational levels in regard to acceptance of the booster vaccine. The outcomes of the study revealed that the increased acceptance of booster doses of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccines among the public was associated with the intent of personal and family protection. Moreover, individuals with low socioeconomic status and pregnant females showed the least acceptance towards the vaccine inoculation. The study also revealed a decline trend of accepting SARS-CoV-2 vaccine among children.
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- 2023
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8. Effect of nabumetone on humoral immune responses in mice
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Khalid Naveed, Aqeel Javeed, Muhammad Ashraf, Amjad Riaz, Aamir Ghafoor, and Adeel Sattar
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nabumetone ,humoral immunity ,mice ,Animal culture ,SF1-1100 - Abstract
ABSTRACT Nabumetone is used to reduce the pain and inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis. In the current study, immunomodulatory effect of Nabumetone is investigated in mice. The control group was administered normal saline orally as placebo. Nabumetone was administered orally via gavage in two treatment groups at 14mg/kg.b.w. doses and 28mg/kgb.w., respectively. Haemagglutination (HA) assay, Jerne hemolytic plaque and mice lethality assays were applied. In HA assay, the titer was significantly decreased in Nabumetone treatment groups (P< 0.001). In Jerne hemolytic plaque formation assay, there was a significant reduction (P< 0.001) in number of plaques in Nabumetone treated groups when compared with control. In mice lethality assay, there was a significant difference in mortality ratio of mice in control and Nabumetone treated groups (P< 0.001). Therefore, it is concluded that Nabumetone suppresses the humoral immune response in mice.
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- 2020
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9. Dose Optimization of Aditoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Combinations Against Trueperella pyogenes From Patients With Clinical Endometritis by Using Semi-mechanistic PK/PD Model
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Muhammad Kashif Maan, Tamoor Hamid Chaudhry, Adeel Sattar, Muhammad Abu Bakr Shabbir, Saeed Ahmed, Kun Mi, Waqas Ahmed, Shuyu Xie, Li Xin, and Lingli Huang
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PK/PD modeling ,sulfamethoxazole resistance ,aditorpim ,combination therapy ,Trueperella pyogenes ,semi-mechanistic PK/PD modeling 3 ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 - Abstract
Combinations of two and more drugs with different target sites are being used as a new treatment regimen for resistant clones of bacteria. Though, achieving the right combination of the drugs for optimal dosage regimen is challenging. In our study, we studied the antimicrobial effect of aditoprim, a novel dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, and its synergistic effect with sulfamethoxazole. Synergy testing was performed by checkerboard micro dilution method and validation of different checkerboard ratios by static and dynamic time-kill analysis and in vitro pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) model, and semi mechanistic PK/PD modeling was used to calculate and validate the synergistic effect of drug combination. Both checkerboard and static time-kill assays demonstrated the greater synergistic effect [fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) = 0.37] of the aditoprim [minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 0.25 µg/ml]-sulfamethoxazole (MIC=>64 µg/ml) combination against all T. Pyogenes isolates. In the in vitro PK/PD model, the dosage proportion of sulfamethoxazole 4 mg/ml twice a day in combination with steady-state aditoprim 1 mg/ml efficiently repressed the growth of bacteria in 24 h with the ratio of 2-log10 decrease, related to the early inoculum against three T. Pyogenes isolates. The semi mechanistic PK/PD model projected that a combination of a high dose of aditoprim (2 mg/ml) with sulfamethoxazole (2 mg/day) was necessary to attain the killing of bacteria below the detection limit (limit of detection (LOD); i.e., 1 log10 CFU/ml) at 24 h with an MIC sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) of 64 µg/ml. However, it is anticipated that a combination of high dose of aditoprim with sulfamethoxazole is critical to attain the suppressed bacterial growth to < LOD. This study represents essential PK/PD modeling for optimization of combination of aditoprim and sulfamethoxazole to suppress growth of T. Pyogenens.
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- 2021
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10. Molecular and Morphological Characterization of Eimeria crandallis Isolated from Deer (Cervidae) in Different Captive Animals
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Mian Abdul Hafeez, Adeel Sattar, Kiran Khalid, Abdur Rauf Khalid, Muhammad Shahid Mahmood, Muhammad Tahir Aleem, Kamran Ashraf, Faiza Aslam, Abdulaziz Alouffi, Aymen Mohammed, Mashal M. Almutairi, and Muhammad Ikram ul Haq
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coccidiosis ,Eimeria crandallis ,hog deer ,Punjab urial ,phylogenetic analysis ,morphology ,Science - Abstract
Coccidiosis is a protozoan disease that is characterized by diffuse diarrhea, dehydration, emaciation accompanied by moderate morbidity and mild mortality in animals and birds. The current study targeted the molecular characterization of Eimeria isolates in captive deer from different localities in Lahore. The host species was the Cervidae family, such as Hog deer (Axis porcinus) and Punjab urial (Ovis aries vignei). The Eimeria crandallis was isolated from zoo animals. The DNA was extracted from oocysts and amplified by using reported oligonucleotide primers that exhibited the 809 bp product. These were analyzed by using the small subunit 18S rRNA gene-based evolutionary relationship with 36 other Eimeria species reported in caprine, cervinae, bovines, avians, and rodents. Light microscopic examination exhibited 3.29% (7/213) Eimeria-positive fecal samples with morphological features, including sub-spherical forms, the presence of micropyle with polar cap, and oocysts diameters (μm) ranging from 24.32 ± 1.61 to 18.94 ± 1.51. The phylogenetic tree constitutes four distinct clusters with relatively higher values. The evolutionary network showed that sequences were clustered in the monophyletic group of Eimeria species reported in caprine and cervinae. The nucleotide and amino acid sequence similarity matrix analysis exhibited 99.5–99.9% identity of the study isolates with Eimeria crandallis (AF336339). This study provides relevant baseline data to develop strategic control measures for coccidiosis in zoo animals. However, further investigations are required to place the hog deer and Punjab urial-derived E. crandallis into the caprine-originated cluster.
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- 2022
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11. Evaluation of immunomodulatory effects of lomefloxacin in mice
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Arfa Majeed, Aqeel Javeed, Muhammad Ovais Omer, Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq, and Adeel Sattar
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Cell-mediated ,Humoral ,Immunomodulatory ,Immune response ,Lomefloxacin ,Pharmacy and materia medica ,RS1-441 - Abstract
Lomefloxacin is a flouroquinolone antibiotic that is quite efficacious against many gram negative and gram positive pathogens. Lomefloxacin evince antibacterial effects by modifying DNA gyrase in gram negative pathogens and topoisomerase IV in gram positive pathogens. This study is designed to assess the immunomodulatory effects of lomefloxacin in male albino mice. Three doses of lomefloxacin 12.5 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg were used and delayed type hypersensitivity assay, cyclophosphamide induced neutropenic assay, carbon clearance assay, heamagglutination assay and mice lethality test were performed to evaluate the effects of lomefloxacin on immune system of mice. DTH assay has depicted the significant immunosuppressant potential of lomefloxacin at 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg dose. Total leukocyte count have exhibited highly significant reduction (P
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- 2021
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12. Molecular Characterization of Toxoplasma gondii in Cats and Its Zoonotic Potential for Public Health Significance
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Mian Abdul Hafeez, Muntazir Mehdi, Faiza Aslam, Kamran Ashraf, Muhammad Tahir Aleem, Abdur Rauf Khalid, Adeel Sattar, Syeda Fakhra Waheed, Abdulaziz Alouffi, Omar Obaid Alharbi, Muhammad Abu Bakr Shabbir, Umer Chaudhry, and Mashal M. Almutairi
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toxoplasmosis ,seroprevalence ,PCR ,phylogenetic analysis ,Medicine - Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is a globally distributed disease of warm-blooded animals. It is caused by the opportunistic parasite Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). One-third of the global human population is believed to be infected with T. gondii. Cats serve as final host of T. gondii and are the main source of contamination of soil and water. This study aimed to detect genotypes of T. gondii in cats. Fecal samples (n = 400) were collected from districts of South Punjab (Khanewal and Sahiwal), and were processed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The obtained oligonucleotide sequences (T. gondii) were submitted to the GenBank database, and the evolutionary tree was constructed using MEGA-X software. Seven fecal samples (3.5%) from cats were positive. Five out of thirteen fecal samples (38.46%) found to be positive for T. gondii with microscopy were confirmed by PCR. After phylogenetic analysis with 3 clonal types and atypical strains, isolates of T. gondii in current study were more closely linked to a typical strain (AF249696). Besides genotyping from cats, seroprevalence from humans and ruminants is still considered to be the best and easiest way to identify the Toxoplasma. Blood samples were collected from sheep and goats (n = 2000 each), and human blood samples (n = 400) were collected from the same vicinity. Seroprevalence was determined using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. In Khanewal, the blood samples of 292 goats (29.2%) and 265 sheep (26.5%), and 6 fecal samples from cats (3%) were positive. Out of 200 human blood samples, 52 were positive, with a seroprevalence of 26%. In the Sahiwal district, the blood samples from 49 humans, 235 sheep and 348 goats were positive, with seroprevalence of 24.5%, 23.5% and 34.8%, respectively. The present study revealed the current circulating genotype of T. gondii from cats in the districts Khanewal and Sahiwal and the seroprevalence of the organism in small ruminants and humans living in the same vicinity. Further genotype analyses of the organism from ruminants and humans are needed.
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- 2022
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13. Virulence and transcriptome profile of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli from chicken
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Hafiz I. Hussain, Zahid Iqbal, Mohamed N. Seleem, Deyu Huang, Adeel Sattar, Haihong Hao, and Zonghui Yuan
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Numerous studies have examined the prevalence of pathogenic Escherichia coli in poultry and poultry products; however, limited data are available regarding their resistance- and virulence-associated gene expression profiles. This study was designed to examine the resistance and virulence of poultry E. coli strains in vitro and in vivo via antibiotic susceptibility, biofilm formation and adhesion, and invasion and intracellular survivability assays in Caco-2 and Raw 264.7 cell lines as well as the determination of the median lethal dose in two-day old chickens. A clinical pathogenic multidrug-resistant isolate, E. coli 381, isolated from broilers, was found to be highly virulent in cell culture and 1000-fold more virulent in a chicken model than other strains; accordingly, the isolate was subsequently selected for transcriptome analysis. The comparative gene expression profile of MDR E. coli 381 and the reference human strain E. coli ATCC 25922 was completed with Illumina HiSeq. 2500 transcriptome analysis. Differential gene expression analysis indicates that there are multiple pathways involved in the resistance and virulence of this highly virulent strain. The results garnered from this study provide critical information about the highly virulent MDR E. coli strain of poultry origin and warrant further investigation due to its significant threat to public health.
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- 2017
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14. Preparation, characterization and pharmacokinetics of cyadox nanosuspension
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Adeel Sattar, Dongmei Chen, Lishun Jiang, Yuanhu Pan, Yanfei Tao, Lingli Huang, Zhenli Liu, Shuyu Xie, and Zonghui Yuan
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract An increase in number of newly developed synthetic drugs displays bioavailability constraints because of poor water solubility. Nanosuspensions formulation may help to overwhelm these problems by increasing dissolution velocity and saturation solubility. In the present study, cyadox (Cyx) nanosuspension was successfully prepared by recrystallization based on acid–base neutralization combined with high pressure homogenization method using Polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 (PVP) as stabilizer. The nanosuspension had uniform particle distribution, excellent sedimentation rate and redispersibility. The nanosuspension significantly improved the solubility, dissolution and bioavailability. The saturation solubility of Cyx nanocrystal was higher than that of bulk Cyx and released the total drug in very short time. Further, pharmacokinetics of Cyx nanosuspension and normal suspension following oral administration was investigated in beagle dogs. Nanosuspension improved the bioavailability of Cyx which could be beneficial for intestinal bacterial infection in animals. Maximum concentration and area under concentration time curve were increased with particles size reduction which might give rise to pronounce fluctuations in plasma concentration and more intensified antibacterial effects. The terminal half-life and mean resident time of Cyx nanosuspension had also increased compared to normal Cyx suspension. In conclusion, nanosuspensions may be a suitable delivery approach to increase the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs.
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- 2017
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15. SURVIVAL AND EVOLUTION OF CRISPR-CAS SYSTEM IN PROKARYOTES AND ITS APPLICATIONS
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Muhammad Abu Bakr Shabbir, Haihong Hao, Muhammad Zubair Shabbir, HAFIZ IFTIKHAR HUSSAIN, Zahid Iqbal, Saeed Ahmed, Adeel Sattar, Mujahid Iqbal, Jun Li, and Zonghui Yuan
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Gene Expression ,CRISPR-Cas ,Cas9 ,gene editing ,SgRNA ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
Prokaryotes have developed numerous innate immune mechanisms in order to fend off bacteriophage or plasmid attack. One of these immune systems is Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR). CRISPR associated proteins play a key role in survival of prokaryotes against invaders, as these systems cleave DNA of foreign genetic elements. Beyond providing immunity, these systems have significant impact in altering the bacterial physiology in term of its virulence and pathogenicity, as well as evolution. Also, due to their diverse nature of functionality, cas9 endoribonuclease can be easily reprogrammed with the help of guide RNAs, showing unprecedented potential and significance for gene editing in treating genetic diseases. Here, we also discuss the use of NgAgo-gDNA system in genome editing of human cells.
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- 2016
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16. Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of cyadox and its main metabolites in beagle dogs following oral, intramuscular and intravenous administration
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Adeel Sattar, Shuyu Xie, Lingli Huang, Zahid Iqbal, Wei Qu, Muhammad Abubakr Shabbir, Yuanhu Pan, Hafiz Iftikhar Hussain, Dongmei Chen, Yanfei Tao, Zhenli Liu, Mujahid Iqbal, and Zonghui Yuan
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Metabolism ,Metabolites ,pharmacokinetics ,Beagle dogs ,Cyadox ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 - Abstract
Cyadox (Cyx) is an antibacterial drug of the quinoxaline group that exerts markedly lower toxicity in animals, compared to its congeners. Here, the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of Cyx after oral (PO), intramuscular (IM) and intravenous (IV) routes of administration were studied to establish safety criteria for the clinical use of Cyx in animals. Six beagle dogs (3 males, 3 females) were administered Cyx through PO (40 mg kg-1 b.w.), IM (10 mg kg-1 b.w.) and IV (10 mg kg-1 b.w.) routes with a washout period of 2 weeks in a crossover design. Highly sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) was employed for determination of Cyx and its main metabolites, 1, 4-bisdesoxycyadox (Cy1), cyadox-1-monoxide (Cy2), N-(quinoxaline-2-methyl)-cyanide acetyl hydrazine (Cy4) and quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid (Cy6) in plasma, urine and feces of dogs. The oral bioavailability of Cyx was 4.75%, suggesting first-pass effect in dogs. The concentration vs. time profile in plasma after PO administration indicates that Cyx is rapidly dissociated into its metabolites and eliminated from plasma earlier, compared to its metabolites. The areas under the curve (AUC) of Cyx after PO, IM and IV administration were 1.22 h×µg mL-1, 6.3 h×µg mL-1, and 6.66 h×µg mL-1, while mean resident times (MRT) were 7.32, 3.58 and 0.556 h, respectively. Total recovery of Cyx and its metabolites was >60% with each administration route. In feces, 48.83% drug was recovered after PO administration, while 18.15% and 17.11% after IM and IV injections, respectively, suggesting renal clearance as the major route of excretion with IM and IV administration and feces as the major route with PO delivery. Our comprehensive evaluation of Cyx has uncovered detailed information that should facilitate its judicious use in animals by improving understanding of its pharmacology.
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- 2016
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17. Bacteria vs. bacteriophages: parallel evolution of immune arsenals
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Muhammad Abu Bakr Shabbir, Haihong Hao, Muhammad Zubair Shabbir, Wu Qin, Adeel Sattar, and Zonghui Yuan
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Bacteriophages ,mobile genetic elements ,CRISPR system ,pre-crRNA ,Anti-CRISPR system. ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Bacteriophages are the most common entities on earth and represent a constant challenge to bacterial populations. To fend off bacteriophage infection, bacteria evolved immune systems to avert phage adsorption and block invader DNA entry. They developed restriction-modification systems and mechanisms to abort infection and interfere with virion assembly, as well as newly recognized clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR). In response to bacterial immune systems, bacteriophages synchronously evolved resistance mechanisms, such as the anti-CRISPR systems to counterattack bacterial CRISPR-cas systems, in a continuing evolutionary arms race between virus and host. In turn, it is fundamental to the survival of the bacterial cell to evolve a system to combat bacteriophage immune strategies.
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- 2016
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18. Biochar Feedstocks, Synthesis and Interaction with Soil Microorganisms
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Sammina Mahmood, Adeel Sattar, Adnan Hassan Tahir, and Muhammad Abu Bakar Shabbir
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- 2023
19. CRISPR-Cas System: An Adaptive Immune System’s Association with Antibiotic Resistance in Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis
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Muhammad Zulqarnain Haider, Muhammad Abu Bakr Shabbir, Tahir Yaqub, Adeel Sattar, Muhammad Kashif Maan, Sammina Mahmood, Tahir Mehmood, and Hassaan Bin Aslam
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Article Subject ,Salmonella enteritidis ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ,Animals ,Salmonella enterica ,Ampicillin ,Microbial Sensitivity Tests ,General Medicine ,CRISPR-Cas Systems ,Poultry ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Anti-Bacterial Agents - Abstract
Several factors are involved in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and pose a serious threat to public health safety. Among them, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat- (CRISPR-) Cas system, an adaptive immune system, is thought to be involved in the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. The current study was aimed at determining not only the presence of antibiotic resistance and CRISPR-Cas system but also their association with each other in Salmonella enteritidis isolated from the commercial poultry. A total of 139 samples were collected from poultry birds sold at the live bird markets of Lahore City, and both phenotypic and genotypic methods were used to determine antimicrobial resistance. The presence of the CRISPR-Cas system was determined by PCR, followed by sequencing. All isolates of S. enteritidis (100%) were resistant to nalidixic acid, whereas 95% of isolates were resistant to ampicillin. Five multidrug-resistant isolates (MDR) such as S. enteritidis isolate (S. E1, S. E2, S. E4, S. E5, and S. E8) were found in the present study. The CRISPR-Cas system was detected in all of these MDR isolates, and eight spacers were detected within the CRISPR array. In addition, an increased expression of CRISPR-related genes was observed in the standard strain and MDR S. enteritidis isolates. The association of the CRISPSR-Cas system with multiple drug resistance highlights the exogenous acquisition of genes by horizontal transfer. The information could be used further to combat antibiotic resistance in pathogens like Salmonella.
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- 2022
20. Molecular Characterization of
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Mian, Abdul Hafeez, Muntazir, Mehdi, Faiza, Aslam, Kamran, Ashraf, Muhammad Tahir, Aleem, Abdur Rauf, Khalid, Adeel, Sattar, Syeda Fakhra, Waheed, Abdulaziz, Alouffi, Omar Obaid, Alharbi, Muhammad Abu Bakr, Shabbir, Umer, Chaudhry, and Mashal M, Almutairi
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Toxoplasmosis is a globally distributed disease of warm-blooded animals. It is caused by the opportunistic parasite
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- 2022
21. Effects of Ibuprofen and Clopidol Alone and in Combination on Experimentally Induced Coccidiosis in Broiler Chickens
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Mian Abdul Hafeez, Adeel Sattar, Faiza Aslam, Muhammad Imran, Kamran Ashraf, Rashid Zia, and M. Muntazir Mehdi
- Subjects
Veterinary medicine ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Coccidiosis ,Chemistry ,Broiler ,medicine ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Clopidol ,Ibuprofen ,medicine.disease ,medicine.drug - Published
- 2022
22. Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Babesia Species Isolated from Domestic Cattle
- Author
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Azhar Rafique, Faiza Aslam, M. A. Hafeez, Sammina Mahmood, Muhammad Oneeb, Kiran Khalid, Nauman Rauf, Adeel Sattar, Rimsha Farooq, Farrukh Bilal, and Kamran Ashraf
- Subjects
General Veterinary ,Phylogenetic tree ,Molecular epidemiology ,Babesiosis ,Biology ,medicine.disease ,law.invention ,Domestic cattle ,Phylogenetics ,Evolutionary biology ,law ,medicine ,Babesia species ,Polymerase chain reaction - Published
- 2020
23. A microbiological inhibition method for the rapid, broad-spectrum, and high-throughput screening of 34 antibiotic residues in milk
- Author
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Qiang Zhu, Yanfei Tao, Dapeng Peng, Yana Liu, Muhammad Abu Bakr Shabbir, Qin Wu, Yulian Wang, Zonghui Yuan, Dongmei Chen, and Adeel Sattar
- Subjects
medicine.drug_class ,Antibiotics ,Food Contamination ,Shelf life ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Geobacillus stearothermophilus ,Genetics ,medicine ,Animals ,media_common.cataloged_instance ,European union ,media_common ,Detection limit ,Residue (complex analysis) ,Reproducibility ,Chromatography ,Lincosamides ,Chemistry ,Reproducibility of Results ,Drug Residues ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Aminoglycosides ,Milk ,Tetracyclines ,Cattle ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Macrolides ,Chromatography, Liquid ,Food Science - Abstract
In this study, we developed a microbiological inhibition method for the rapid screening of antibiotics in milk with Geobacillus stearothermophilus ATCC12980 as an indicator bacterium and an easy sample pretreatment. We observed that the limits of detection of the kit for 34 common antibiotic residues in milk, including β-lactams (13), aminoglycosides (6), tetracyclines (4), sulfonamides (6), macrolides (4), lincosamides (1), were lower than or close to the maximum residue limits formulated by the European Union and China. Moreover, the false-positive rate was 1% and the false-negative rates were less than 5%. The ruggedness of the method (the reproducibility of detection capability of different batches of medium) met requirements at determined levels and residual limits. The shelf life of the kit was more than 6 mo at 4°C. Additionally, we observed good correlations between the kit results and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry results for incurred milk (samples taken from animals treated with antibiotics according to the pre-slaughter medication data), which indicated that the kit was reliable for screening antibiotics in incurred samples. In conclusion, the kit has a broad application potential with high sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility, stability, and reliability, combined with simple operation, low cost, and high-throughput capacity.
- Published
- 2019
24. Effect of methanolic extract of Citrus limetta peel on cellular and humoral immune response in mice
- Author
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Sarwat, Shaheen, Aqeel, Javeed, Adeel, Sattar, Aammir, Ghafoor, and Shahzada, Khurram Syed
- Subjects
Citrus ,Immunity, Cellular ,Neutropenia ,Pasteurella multocida ,Sheep ,Plant Extracts ,Methanol ,Pasteurella Infections ,Anti-Inflammatory Agents ,Antibodies, Bacterial ,Carbon ,Immunity, Humoral ,Leukocyte Count ,Mice ,Phagocytosis ,Fruit ,Solvents ,Animals ,Cyclophosphamide ,Skin - Abstract
Citrus limetta is well known for its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antifungal, antidiabetic and antioxidant properties. Methanolic extract of Citrus limetta (MECL) was used to assess cellular and humoral immune responses in mice by carrying out cyclophosphamide-induced neutropenia, delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), carbon clearance assay, haemagglutination assay (HA) and mice lethality assay. Methanolic extract of Citrus limetta peel was administered orally to mice in two doses 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg.The extract treated groups showed improvement in neutropenia induced by cyclophosphamide and improvement in the WBC profile. Skin thickness was significantly (P0.05) higher in 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg groups in comparison to control in DTH. The phagocytic index was significantly (P0.05) more in 400mg/kg group in carbon clearance assay. Mice were vaccinated with hemorrhagic septicemia vaccine before challenge with Pasteurella multocida for mice lethality test. Percentage mortality was decreased in 400mg/kg treated group in comparison to negative control Antibody titre response to sheep red blood cells was significantly (P0.05) higher with dose 400mg/kg in HA. Results suggested the effectiveness of the methanolic extract of Citrus limetta as an immunostimulating agent.
- Published
- 2021
25. Diphenhydramine and levofloxacin combination therapy against antimicrobial resistance in respiratory tract infections
- Author
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Aqeel Javeed, Sadaf Areej, Adeel Sattar, and Sohail Raza
- Subjects
Microbiology (medical) ,Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ,Combination therapy ,medicine.drug_class ,Cell Survival ,Antibiotics ,Levofloxacin ,Microbial Sensitivity Tests ,Pharmacology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Microbiology ,Cell Line ,Antibiotic resistance ,Cricetinae ,Drug Resistance, Bacterial ,Medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Respiratory Tract Infections ,business.industry ,Pseudomonas aeruginosa ,Diphenhydramine ,Drug Synergism ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Staphylococcus aureus ,business ,Antibacterial activity ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Background: Antibiotics are in use since decades to treat various infections caused by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Diphenhydramine, an H1 receptor blocker possesses a weak antibiotic action but when combined with other antibiotics may potentiate their antibacterial activity. Materials & methods: This study investigated in vitro antibacterial activity of diphenhydramine when used alone and in combination with levofloxacin against methicillin-resistant S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Results: The combined antibacterial effect of the drugs against bacteria showed a fractional inhibitory concentration index of ≤0.5, in other words, synergism. No cytotoxicity was observed as percentage cell viability was >50%. Conclusion: The combination of diphenhydramine and levofloxacin exerted antibacterial activity, and was not found to be cytotoxic when given in combination against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus.
- Published
- 2021
26. The CRISPR-cas system promotes antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter jejuni
- Author
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Muhammad Ab Shabbir, Abdul Sajid, Muhammad Kashif Maan, Zonghui Yuan, Haihong Hao, Jun Li, Yanping Tang, Saeed Ahmed, Muhammad Zubair Shabbir, Qin Wu, and Adeel Sattar
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Microbiology (medical) ,Microbial Sensitivity Tests ,Biology ,Microbiology ,Campylobacter jejuni ,Transcriptome ,03 medical and health sciences ,Minimum inhibitory concentration ,Antibiotic resistance ,CRISPR-Associated Protein 9 ,Drug Resistance, Bacterial ,Gene expression ,CRISPR ,Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats ,Gene ,Sequence Deletion ,Cas9 ,Gene Expression Profiling ,Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ,biology.organism_classification ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,030104 developmental biology ,CRISPR-Cas Systems - Abstract
Aim: The purpose of current study is to find out relationship between cas9 gene and antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter jejuni NCTC11168. Materials & methods: The involvement of the cas9 gene in antimicrobial resistance of C. jejuni was determined by assessment of minimum inhibitory concentration, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-cas gene expression in standard strains, in vitro resistance development and transcriptome analysis of a cas9 deletion mutant and wild strains. Results: Increased expression of CRISPR-related genes was observed in standard strains. We also observed that Δcas9 mutant strain is more sensitive to antibiotics than its wild strain. Transcriptome analysis revealed that cas9 gene regulate several genes to promote antimicrobial resistance in C. jejuni. Conclusion: CRISPR-cas system plays role in the enhancement of antimicrobial resistance in C. jejuni.
- Published
- 2018
27. Evaluation of immunomodulatory effects of lomefloxacin in mice
- Author
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Aqeel Javeed, Adeel Sattar, Muhammad Ovais Omer, Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq, and Arfa Majeed
- Subjects
Immunomodulatory ,Cyclophosphamide ,biology ,Chemistry ,Topoisomerase IV ,medicine.drug_class ,Lymphocyte ,Antibiotics ,Humoral ,Pharmacology ,RS1-441 ,Pharmacy and materia medica ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Immune system ,Lomefloxacin ,medicine ,Absolute neutrophil count ,biology.protein ,Differential Leukocyte Count ,Immune response ,Cell-mediated ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Lomefloxacin is a flouroquinolone antibiotic that is quite efficacious against many gram negative and gram positive pathogens. Lomefloxacin evince antibacterial effects by modifying DNA gyrase in gram negative pathogens and topoisomerase IV in gram positive pathogens. This study is designed to assess the immunomodulatory effects of lomefloxacin in male albino mice. Three doses of lomefloxacin 12.5 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg were used and delayed type hypersensitivity assay, cyclophosphamide induced neutropenic assay, carbon clearance assay, heamagglutination assay and mice lethality test were performed to evaluate the effects of lomefloxacin on immune system of mice. DTH assay has depicted the significant immunosuppressant potential of lomefloxacin at 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg dose. Total leukocyte count have exhibited highly significant reduction (P
- Published
- 2020
28. Integration of PK/PD for dose optimization of aditoprim against Trueperella pyogenes causing endometritis in bovines
- Author
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Samah Attia Algharib, Shuyu Xie, Li Xin, Kun Mi, Saeed Ahmed, Muhammad Kashif Maan, Muhammad Abu Bakr Shabbir, Zonghui Yuan, Lingli Huang, and Adeel Sattar
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Chemistry ,ved/biology ,030106 microbiology ,Antimicrobial pharmacodynamics ,ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species ,Cmax ,Pharmacology ,medicine.disease ,Microbiology ,Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor ,03 medical and health sciences ,Minimum inhibitory concentration ,030104 developmental biology ,Infectious Diseases ,Pharmacodynamics ,medicine ,Trueperella pyogenes ,Endometritis ,PK/PD models - Abstract
Trueperella pyogenes is a major pathogenic organism of bovine uterus causing devastating economic losses. Clinical isolates of T. pyogenes demonstrated severe infection with high rate of disease progression than other pathogenic bacteria of uterus. We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of aditoprim, a novel dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, based upon the ex-vivo pharmacodynamic analysis by using uterine fluid of cattle. In-vivo pharmacokinetic parameters were measured by high performance liquid choromatography and analyzed by winonline software (version 5.2.1). In-vitro minimum inhibitory concentration, mutant prevention concentration and time kill curves were determined with clinical isolates of Trueperell pyogenes. Our data showed that peak concentration (Cmax) and area under the concentration time curve (AUC) were 6551.43 ± 1296.13 and 23585.22 ± 5126.47 μg/mL, respectively. Aditoprim showed potent antimicrobial activity against T. pyogenes (MIC = 0.25 μg/mL) and exhibited the concentration dependent antibacterial effect and produced in-vitro post antibiotic effect which was less than 1 h and increased with concentration. Pharmacodynamics values were modeled with pharmacokinetics parameters (PK/PD modeling) to simulate the efficacy of aditoprim for different dosage regimens. It was concluded that a dose of 2 mg/kg every 12h was expected to reach a bactericidal activity against T. pyogenes in endometritis.
- Published
- 2019
29. RNA-seq-based transcriptome analysis of a cefquinome-treated, highly resistant, and virulent MRSA strain
- Author
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Zahid Iqbal, Muhammad Abu Bakr Shabbir, Adeel Sattar, Hafiz Iftikhar Hussain, Xiuhua Kuang, Amjad Islam Aqib, Haihong Hao, Mohamed N. Seleem, and Awais Ihsan
- Subjects
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ,medicine.drug_class ,Antibiotics ,Cephalosporin ,Virulence ,Cefquinome ,Microbial Sensitivity Tests ,Staphylococcal Infections ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Microbiology ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Cephalosporins ,Multiple drug resistance ,Transcriptome ,Infectious Diseases ,Bacterial Proteins ,Staphylococcus aureus ,medicine ,Animals ,RNA-Seq ,Efflux ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The emergence and dissemination of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains of animal origin that are resistant to several antibiotics is of great concern. Cefquinome is a fourth-generation cephalosporin developed specifically for veterinary use. The mechanism of MRSA resistance to cefquinome is still not established. Therefore, we designed this study to evaluate the effect of cefquinome on the transcriptome of MRSA1679a, a strain that was isolated from a chicken. The transcriptome analysis indicated that multiple efflux pumps (QacA, NorB, Bcr, and ABCb) were upregulated in MRSA1679a as a resistance mechanism to expel cefquinome. Additionally, penicillin-binding protein 1A was overexpressed, which conferred resistance to cefquinome, a β-lactam antibiotic. Adhesion and the biofilm-forming capacity of the MRSA strain was also enhanced in addition to overexpression of many stress-related genes. Genes related to carbohydrate metabolism, secretion systems, and transport activity were also significantly upregulated in MRSA1679a. In conclusion, global transcription was triggered to overcome the stress induced by cefquinome, and the MRSA1679a showed a great genetic potential to survive in this challenging environment. This study provides a profound understanding of MRSA1679a as a potentially important pathogen and identifies key resistance characteristics of MRSA against cefquinome. Studies should be aimed to demonstrate multidrug resistance mechanisms of virulent strains by exposing to different antibiotic combinations.
- Published
- 2021
30. Scientific Reports
- Author
-
Haihong Hao, Hafiz Iftikhar Hussain, Zonghui Yuan, Mohamed N. Seleem, Deyu Huang, Adeel Sattar, and Zahid Iqbal
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,EFFLUX ,TRANSPORTER GENES ,Virulence Factors ,Science ,030106 microbiology ,Virulence ,Drug resistance ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,MEDIATED QUINOLONE RESISTANCE ,Median lethal dose ,Article ,Bacterial Adhesion ,Bacterial genetics ,Microbiology ,Transcriptome ,03 medical and health sciences ,Bacterial Proteins ,Pathogenic Escherichia coli ,Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ,Escherichia coli ,medicine ,Animals ,STRESS-RESPONSE ,Escherichia coli Infections ,Poultry Diseases ,SPECTRUM ,Multidisciplinary ,IDENTIFICATION ,STRAINS ,BIOFILM FORMATION ,ANIMALS ,ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE ,biology.organism_classification ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Multiple drug resistance ,Medicine ,Chickens - Abstract
Numerous studies have examined the prevalence of pathogenic Escherichia coli in poultry and poultry products; however, limited data are available regarding their resistance- and virulence-associated gene expression profiles. This study was designed to examine the resistance and virulence of poultry E. coli strains in vitro and in vivo via antibiotic susceptibility, biofilm formation and adhesion, and invasion and intracellular survivability assays in Caco-2 and Raw 264.7 cell lines as well as the determination of the median lethal dose in two-day old chickens. A clinical pathogenic multidrug-resistant isolate, E. coli 381, isolated from broilers, was found to be highly virulent in cell culture and 1000-fold more virulent in a chicken model than other strains; accordingly, the isolate was subsequently selected for transcriptome analysis. The comparative gene expression profile of MDR E. coli 381 and the reference human strain E. coli ATCC 25922 was completed with Illumina HiSeq. 2500 transcriptome analysis. Differential gene expression analysis indicates that there are multiple pathways involved in the resistance and virulence of this highly virulent strain. The results garnered from this study provide critical information about the highly virulent MDR E. coli strain of poultry origin and warrant further investigation due to its significant threat to public health.
- Published
- 2017
31. Metabolism and toxicity of arsenicals in mammals
- Author
-
Adeel Sattar, Zahid Iqbal, Zonghui Yuan, Hafiz Iftikhar Hussain, Shuyu Xie, Xu Wang, Muhammad Abu Bakr Shabbir, Mujahid Iqbal, Yuanhu Pan, and M. A. Hafeez
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Arsenites ,DNA damage ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Oxidative phosphorylation ,010501 environmental sciences ,Toxicology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Methylation ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Arsenic Poisoning ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Arsenite ,Mammals ,Pharmacology ,General Medicine ,Glutathione ,Metabolism ,Oxidative Stress ,Metabolic pathway ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Toxicity ,Arsenates ,Environmental Pollutants ,Oxidation-Reduction ,Oxidative stress ,DNA Damage - Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a metalloid usually found in organic and inorganic forms with different oxidation states, while inorganic form (arsenite As-III and arsenate As-v) is considered to be more hazardous as compared to organic form (methylarsonate and dimethylarsinate), with mild or no toxicity in mammals. Due to an increasing trend to using arsenicals as growth promoters or for treatment purposes, the understanding of metabolism and toxicity of As gets vital importance. Its toxicity is mainly depends on oxi-reduction states (As-III or As-v) and the level of methylation during the metabolism process. Currently, the exact metabolic pathways of As have yet to be confirmed in humans and food producing animals. Oxidative methylation and glutathione conjugation is believed to be major pathways of As metabolism. Oxidative methylation is based on conversion of Arsenite in to mono-methylarsonic acid and di-methylarsenic acid in mammals. It has been confirmed that As is only methylated in the presence of glutathione or thiol compounds, suggesting that As is being methylated in trivalent states. Subsequently, non-conjugated trivalent arsenicals are highly reactive with thiol which converts the trivalent arsenicals in to less toxic pentavalent forms. The glutathione conjugate stability of As is the most important factor for determining the toxicity. It can lead to DNA damage by alerting enzyme profile and production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species which causes the oxidative stress. Moreover, As causes immune-dysfunction by hindering cellular and humeral immune response. The present review discussed different metabolic pathways and toxic outcomes of arsenicals in mammals which will be helpful in health risk assessment and its impact on biological world.
- Published
- 2016
32. Disposition of cyadox in domesticated cats following oral, intramuscular, and intravenous administration
- Author
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Dongmei Chen, Lingli Huang, Zonghui Yuan, Shuyu Xie, Qin Wu, Adnan Hassan Tahir, Adeel Sattar, Muhammad Abu Bakr Shabbir, and M. A. Hafeez
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Male ,Glucuronidation ,Administration, Oral ,Urine ,Pharmacology ,01 natural sciences ,Injections, Intramuscular ,First pass effect ,Feces ,Pharmacokinetics ,Quinoxalines ,Medicine ,Animals ,Antibacterial agent ,CATS ,Cross-Over Studies ,General Veterinary ,business.industry ,010401 analytical chemistry ,0104 chemical sciences ,Bioavailability ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Area Under Curve ,Cats ,Administration, Intravenous ,Female ,business ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Half-Life - Abstract
Cyadox (CYX) is a synthetic antibacterial agent of quinoxaline with much lower toxic effects. A safety criterion of CYX for clinical use was established by studying the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of CYX after oral (PO), intramuscular (IM), and intravenous (IV) administration. CYX was administered in six domesticated cats (three males and three females) by PO (40 mg/kg.b.w.), IM (10 mg/kg.b.w.), and IV (10 mg/kg.b.w.) routes in a crossover pattern. Highly sensitive liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) method was developed for detection of CYX and its metabolites present in plasma, urine, and feces. The bioavailability of CYX after PO and IM routes was 4.37% and 84.4%. The area under curves (AUC), mean resident time (MRT), and clearance (CL) of CYX and its metabolites revealed that CYX quickly metabolized into its metabolites. The total recovery of CYX and its main metabolites was >60% after each route. PO delivery suggesting first pass effect in cats that might make this route suitable for intestinal infection and IM injection could be better choice for systemic infections. Less ability of glucuronidation did not show any impact on CYX metabolism. The findings of present study provide detailed information for evaluation of CYX.
- Published
- 2019
33. Pharmacokinetics of thymoquinone in layer chickens following oral and intravenous administration
- Author
-
Rabia Tanvir, Adeel Sattar, Sehrish Iqbal, and Aqeel Javeed
- Subjects
Pharmacology ,Detection limit ,Chromatography ,General Veterinary ,Cmax ,Administration, Oral ,030226 pharmacology & pharmacy ,High-performance liquid chromatography ,Bioavailability ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pharmacokinetics ,chemistry ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Area Under Curve ,Plasma concentration ,Blood plasma ,Injections, Intravenous ,Benzoquinones ,Animals ,Female ,Chickens ,Thymoquinone ,Half-Life - Abstract
Thymoquinone (TQ) is the major constituent of Nigella sativa and known to possess a variety of pharmacological effects. This study was designed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile of TQ following oral (PO) and intravenous (IV) administration in layer chickens. The layer chickens were equally divided into two groups (six chickens in each group, total 12 chickens), and TQ was administered via PO and IV routes. For PO route, the dose was 20 mg/kg b.w. and for IV route, 5 mg/kg b.w. was administered, respectively. A sensitive and accurate High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) technique was validated for the quantification of TQ from plasma. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.02 µg/ml and 0.05 µg/ml, respectively with >80% recovery. Maximum plasma concentration (Cmax ) following PO and IV administration was 8.805 and 4.497 µg/ml, respectively, while time to reach at maximum concentration (Tmax ) was 1 and 0.1 hr, respectively. The elimination half-lives were recorded as 1.02 and 0.978 hr, whereas the mean residence times were 1.79 and 1.036 hr following both PO and IV administration, respectively. The 85% PO bioavailability was indicative that TQ could be used for various therapeutic purposes in layer chickens.
- Published
- 2019
34. The search for a microbiological inhibition method for the rapid, broad-spectrum and high-throughput screening of six kinds of antibiotic residues in swine urine
- Author
-
Dapeng Peng, Yanfei Tao, Yulian Wang, Dongmei Chen, Adeel Sattar, Zonghui Yuan, Qin Wu, Muhammad Abu Bakr Shabbir, and Qiang Zhu
- Subjects
Swine ,medicine.drug_class ,Antibiotics ,Food Contamination ,Urine ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,01 natural sciences ,Analytical Chemistry ,Geobacillus stearothermophilus ,Agar plate ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,Limit of Detection ,medicine ,Animals ,False Positive Reactions ,False Negative Reactions ,Sulfonamides ,Residue (complex analysis) ,Chromatography ,Lincosamides ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Veterinary Drugs ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,Antimicrobial ,040401 food science ,Drug Residues ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Culture Media ,High-Throughput Screening Assays ,0104 chemical sciences ,Aminoglycosides ,chemistry ,Tetracyclines ,Macrolides ,Bromocresol purple ,Food Science - Abstract
In this study, a microbiological inhibition method for rapidly screening antibiotics in swine urine was established with an easy sample pre-treatment. The microbiological system consisted of an agar medium mixed with nutrients, sensitizers, a test bacterium (Geobacillus stearothermophilus ATCC12980) and pH indicator (bromocresol purple). It was observed that the detection limits of the test kit for twenty-eight common antimicrobial residues in urine, including β-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, macrolides, and lincosamides, were less than or equal to the maximum residue limits of the kidney, as determined by the EU and China. Moreover, the false negative rate and the false positive rate, along with other performance indexes such as interassay coefficients of variation and shelf life of the kit, all met the standard requirements of the ISO13969:2003 guidelines. Additionally, our results were consistent with those using the gold-standard physical chemistry method, which suggest the proposed method is suitable for screening antibiotic residues.
- Published
- 2021
35. Immunosuppressive effects of arsenic in broiler chicks exposed to Newcastle disease virus
- Author
-
Ahrar Khan, Adeel Sattar, Muhammad Kashif Saleemi, Hafiz Iftikhar Hussain, Shen Zhiqiang, Riaz Hussain, Shafia Tehseen Gul, and Cheng He
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Veterinary medicine ,animal structures ,Newcastle Disease ,T-Lymphocytes ,Immunology ,Newcastle disease virus ,Physiology ,Spleen ,Thymus Gland ,010501 environmental sciences ,Weight Gain ,Toxicology ,01 natural sciences ,Newcastle disease ,Antibodies ,Arsenic ,Eating ,03 medical and health sciences ,Phagocytosis ,Immunity ,medicine ,Animals ,Cells, Cultured ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Immunosuppression Therapy ,biology ,Broiler ,Antibody titer ,Organ Size ,biology.organism_classification ,Immunity, Innate ,Titer ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,embryonic structures ,biology.protein ,Disease Susceptibility ,medicine.symptom ,Antibody ,Chickens ,Weight gain - Abstract
To assess the effects of prolonged exposure to arsenic (As, as arsenate) on host immune competence overall and resistance to Newcastle disease (ND) viral infection in particular, a study was carried out in broiler chicks. At 7 days of age, chicks were assigned to groups that would undergo varying vaccination, challenge, and/or As exposures; Group 1 was a control; Group 2 was to receive Newcastle disease virus (NDV) only; two groups (Groups 3, 4) were to be given As daily (50 mg/kg, by gavage) from Days 7-35 of the experiment. All groups underwent normal vaccination on Days 5, 23, and 32 against live NDV (B1 type, LaSota strain); two groups (Groups 2, 4) were challenged with field-isolated NDV at Day 24. At Days 14, 21, 28, and 35 of age, subsets of chicks in each group were evaluated. The results showed feed intake and weight gain were lower in As-treated and NDV-challenged chicks. In As-treated chicks, absolute and relative spleen weights were significantly greater, whereas those of the thymus significantly lower, over the entire 35-day period. Effects on bursa weights (absolute, relative) were only significantly reduced through Day 21. Antibody titers against ND were significantly reduced (vs. control) over the whole 35 days in birds that received As alone, but only significantly depressed through the first 21 days in birds that received As + NDV; thereafter, titers were significantly greater (in parallel with effects in birds that received NDV alone). In contrast, antibody responses to T-dependent antigen (Sheep red blood cells [SRBC]) were significantly lower in As only- and As + NDV-treated chicks throughout the study period. Among birds exposed to As (alone or with NDV), in situ phagocytic activity was elevated and cutaneous sensitivity responses decreased during the period from Day 28 to Day 35. NDV alone had spurious effects on phagocytic activity but did cause significant reductions in cutaneous sensitivity responses. It was concluded that arsenic decreased immunity in broiler chicks, thereby making them prone to ND.
- Published
- 2016
36. Quantitative Analysis of Bacitracin in Porcine Edible Tissues by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Its Application to Residue Depletion Study
- Author
-
Guyue Cheng, Yanfei Tao, Zonghui Yuan, Zhenli Liu, Yuanhu Pan, Dongmei Chen, Liye Wang, Shuyu Xie, Adeel Sattar, and Wei Qu
- Subjects
Detection limit ,Residue (complex analysis) ,Chromatography ,Chemistry ,Formic acid ,Electrospray ionization ,010401 analytical chemistry ,0402 animal and dairy science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Bacitracin ,Tandem mass spectrometry ,040201 dairy & animal science ,01 natural sciences ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,High-performance liquid chromatography ,0104 chemical sciences ,Analytical Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,medicine ,Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality ,Safety Research ,Quantitative analysis (chemistry) ,Food Science ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The residue kinetics of bacitracin in animals has rarely been quantitatively described due to inadequate sensitivity of analytical methods. A sensitive and selective quantitative liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed to determine the residue depletion kinetics of zinc bacitracin in pigs. The tissues samples were extracted with acidified methanol/water solution (v/v, 1:1, 1 % formic acid) and followed by liquid-liquid extraction with saturated solution of 0.1 mmol dithizone in chloroform. The extracts were subjected to Phenomenex Strata-X cartridges for further cleanup with 0.1 % formic acid in methanol. Analysis was performed on a C18 column with positive-ion electrospray mass spectrometry and multiple-reaction monitoring mode. The product ions at m/z 199 and 227 were selected for bacitracin A confirmation and at 199 for quantification. The developed method was linear in the concentration ranges of 150–4000 μg/L for bacitracin with limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 25 and 50 μg/kg for kidney and 20 and 50 μg/kg for skin with fat, liver, and muscle. The recoveries from different tissues were higher than 82.1 % at three different spiking levels with relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 8.8 %. The residue depletion study showed that higher concentration and longer residue time were detected in kidney than in other three tissues. The elimination half-life in kidney was 0.45 days, and the recommended withdrawal period was zero. These results suggest that the established method satisfactorily enables a closer study of residue depletion kinetics of bacitracin in swine.
- Published
- 2016
37. Integrated Transcriptional and Proteomic Analysis of Growth Hormone Suppression Mediated by Trichothecene T-2 Toxin in Rat GH3 Cells
- Author
-
Pingping Lin, Xu Wang, Qinghua Wu, Ijaz Ahmad, Lingli Huang, Yuanhu Pan, Adeel Sattar, Yuanyuan Zhang, Zonghui Yuan, and Dan Wan
- Subjects
Proteomics ,Transcription, Genetic ,Cell Survival ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Trichothecene ,Protein Disulfide-Isomerases ,Apoptosis ,Biology ,Toxicology ,Cell Line ,Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases ,eIF-2 Kinase ,Eukaryotic translation ,Peptide Initiation Factors ,RNA interference ,medicine ,Animals ,Initiation factor ,HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins ,Gene Expression Profiling ,Growth factor ,Eukaryotic transcription ,RNA-Binding Proteins ,Rats ,T-2 Toxin ,Biochemistry ,Growth Hormone ,Protein Biosynthesis ,RNA Interference ,Signal transduction ,Oxidoreductases ,Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 5 - Abstract
Chronic exposure to trichothecenes is known to disturb insulin-like growth factor 1 and signaling of insulin and leptin hormones and causes considerable growth retardation in animals. However, limited information was available on mechanisms underlying trichothecene-induced growth retardation. In this study, we employed an integrated transcriptomics, proteomics, and RNA interference (RNAi) approach to study the molecular mechanisms underlying trichothecene cytotoxicity in rat pituitary adenoma GH3 cells. Our results showed that trichothecenes suppressed the synthesis of growth hormone 1 (Gh1) and inhibited the eukaryotic transcription and translation initiation by suppressing aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases transcription, inducing eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 2 (EIF2AK2) and reducing eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5 a. The sulfhydryl oxidases , protein disulfide isomerase,and heat shock protein 90 (were greatly reduced, which resulted in adverse regulation of protein processing and folding. Differential genes and proteins associated with a decline in energy metabolism and cell cycle arrest were also found in our study. However, use of RNAi to interfere with hemopoietic cell kinase (Hck) and EIF2AK2 transcriptions or use of chemical inhibitors of MAPK, p38, Ras, and JNK partially reversed the reduction of Gh1 levels induced by trichothecenes. It indicated that the activation of MAPKs, Hck, and EIF2AK2 were important for trichothecene-induced growth hormone suppression. Considering the potential hazards of exposure to trichothecenes, our findings could help to improve our understanding regarding human and animal health implications.
- Published
- 2015
38. Preparation, characterization and pharmacokinetics of cyadox nanosuspension
- Author
-
Lingli Huang, Jiang Lishun, Zonghui Yuan, Zhenli Liu, Yanfei Tao, Dongmei Chen, Adeel Sattar, Yuanhu Pan, and Shuyu Xie
- Subjects
Male ,Science ,Drug Compounding ,Biological Availability ,02 engineering and technology ,Pharmacology ,030226 pharmacology & pharmacy ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Dogs ,Pharmacokinetics ,Drug Stability ,Suspensions ,Oral administration ,Quinoxalines ,medicine ,Animals ,Solubility ,Particle Size ,Dissolution ,Multidisciplinary ,Aqueous solution ,Chromatography ,Polyvinylpyrrolidone ,Chemistry ,Povidone ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Bioavailability ,Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ,Medicine ,Nanoparticles ,Female ,Particle size ,0210 nano-technology ,medicine.drug - Abstract
An increase in number of newly developed synthetic drugs displays bioavailability constraints because of poor water solubility. Nanosuspensions formulation may help to overwhelm these problems by increasing dissolution velocity and saturation solubility. In the present study, cyadox (Cyx) nanosuspension was successfully prepared by recrystallization based on acid–base neutralization combined with high pressure homogenization method using Polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 (PVP) as stabilizer. The nanosuspension had uniform particle distribution, excellent sedimentation rate and redispersibility. The nanosuspension significantly improved the solubility, dissolution and bioavailability. The saturation solubility of Cyx nanocrystal was higher than that of bulk Cyx and released the total drug in very short time. Further, pharmacokinetics of Cyx nanosuspension and normal suspension following oral administration was investigated in beagle dogs. Nanosuspension improved the bioavailability of Cyx which could be beneficial for intestinal bacterial infection in animals. Maximum concentration and area under concentration time curve were increased with particles size reduction which might give rise to pronounce fluctuations in plasma concentration and more intensified antibacterial effects. The terminal half-life and mean resident time of Cyx nanosuspension had also increased compared to normal Cyx suspension. In conclusion, nanosuspensions may be a suitable delivery approach to increase the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs.
- Published
- 2016
39. Aqueous two-phase system (ATPS): an overview and advances in its applications
- Author
-
Xu Wang, Muhammad Abu Bakr Shabbir, Adeel Sattar, Yufei Zhu, Yanfei Tao, Saeed Ahmed, Mujahid Iqbal, Shuyu Xie, Dongmei Chen, Zonghui Yuan, Dapeng Peng, Hafiz Iftikhar Hussain, and Lingli Huang
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Solvent extraction ,Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all) ,business.industry ,Biomolecule ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Extraction (chemistry) ,Aqueous two-phase system ,Aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) ,02 engineering and technology ,Review ,Veterinary drug residues ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Environmentally friendly ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,0104 chemical sciences ,Biotechnology ,chemistry ,Biomolecule separation ,Veterinary drug ,Biochemical engineering ,0210 nano-technology ,business - Abstract
Aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) is a liquid-liquid fractionation technique and has gained an interest because of great potential for the extraction, separation, purification and enrichment of proteins, membranes, viruses, enzymes, nucleic acids and other biomolecules both in industry and academia. Although, the partition behavior involved in the method is complex and difficult to predict. Current research shows that it has also been successfully used in the detection of veterinary drug residues in food, separation of precious metals, sewage treatment and a variety of other purposes. The ATPS is able to give high recovery yield and is easily to scale up. It is also very economic and environment friendly method. The aim of this review is to overview the basics of ATPS, optimization and its applications.
- Published
- 2016
40. Survival and Evolution of CRISPR–Cas System in Prokaryotes and Its Applications
- Author
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Saeed Ahmed, Adeel Sattar, Zonghui Yuan, Jun Li, Muhammad Abu Bakr Shabbir, Muhammad Zubair Shabbir, Mujahid Iqbal, Hafiz Iftikhar Hussain, Haihong Hao, and Zahid Iqbal
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,030106 microbiology ,Endoribonuclease ,Immunology ,Review ,Biology ,Bacteriophage ,03 medical and health sciences ,Plasmid ,Genome editing ,Immunology and Allergy ,CRISPR ,Guide RNA ,CRISPR-Cas ,Cas9 ,Genetics ,Innate immune system ,gene editing ,biology.organism_classification ,CRISPR–Cas ,030104 developmental biology ,gene expression ,sgRNA ,lcsh:RC581-607 - Abstract
Prokaryotes have developed numerous innate immune mechanisms in order to fend off bacteriophage or plasmid attack. One of these immune systems is clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR). CRISPR-associated proteins play a key role in survival of prokaryotes against invaders, as these systems cleave DNA of foreign genetic elements. Beyond providing immunity, these systems have significant impact in altering the bacterial physiology in term of its virulence and pathogenicity, as well as evolution. Also, due to their diverse nature of functionality, cas9 endoribonuclease can be easily reprogrammed with the help of guide RNAs, showing unprecedented potential and significance for gene editing in treating genetic diseases. Here, we also discuss the use of NgAgo-gDNA system in genome editing of human cells.
- Published
- 2016
41. Salinity Induced Changes in α-Amylase Activity During Germination and Early Cotton Seedling Growth
- Author
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R. Afaf, Muhammad Nadeem Ashraf, G. Sarwar, Adeel Sattar, and Muhammad Ashraf
- Subjects
biology ,Starch ,food and beverages ,Plant Science ,Horticulture ,biology.organism_classification ,Gossypium hirsutum ,Salinity ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Agronomy ,Seedling ,Germination ,biology.protein ,Cultivar ,Amylase - Abstract
Salinity induced changes in α-amylase activity in three cotton cultivars (NIAB-Karishma, NIAB-86 and K-115) was studied during germination and early seedling growth under controlled conditions. The increase in NaCl concentration resulted in the decrease in α-amylase activity and break down of starch into reducing and non-reducing sugars in all cultivars, however, it was more pronounced in NIAB-86. K-115 showed highest germination followed by NIAB-Karishma and NIAB-86.
- Published
- 2002
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