Search

1.2. Adenocalymma marginatum (Chamisso 1832: 695) De Candolle (1845: 200) (Fig. 5 a–c). Diagnosis:— Adenocalymma marginatum can be identified by the chartaceous leaflets with coriaceous margins (vs. membranaceus leaflets without coriaceum margins in A. bracteatum and A. paulistarum), by the ovate and straight prophylls of the axillary buds (vs. triangular prophyll in A. bracteatum and curved prophylls in A. paulistarum). Reproductive Period:— Flowering throughout the year, fruiting in March, May and December. Distribution and Habitat:— It occurs in Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay (Lohmann 2010, Lohmann & Taylor 2014). Within the study area, it was registered in Céu Azul, Matelândia/Serranópolis, Capanema, Foz do Iguaçu, and in the PARNA Iguazú, abundant in anthropized areas, such as the “Picada Benjamin” in Capanema, where the border of the PARNA Iguaçu is near crops and private properties, and the “Estrada do Colono” which is in restauration process, but was an open road that used to cross the Park. Also common near the BR-469 borders in Foz do Iguaçu, a highly disturbed area for tourism. Selected Specimens Examined:— ARGENTINA. Misiones: Puerto Iguazú, camino a garganta del diablo, 25°42’11’’S, 54°26’31’’W, 10 March 2009, González 219 (CTES!). BRAZIL. Paraná, Parque Nacional do Iguaçu: Foz do Iguaçu, margem da BR-469, 25°40’46.7”S, 54°26’18.4”W, 22 May 2015, Caxambu 6451 (HCF!); Capanema, margens do Rio Iguaçu, 22 February 2016, Hammes (UNOP!); Céu Azul, próximo à Trilha da Jacutinga, 25°14’27.8”S, 53°51’27.9”W, 24 May 2018, Hentz Júnior 30 (UNOP!).

The crude drug ysyp&oacute, h&ucirc, (Adenocalymma marginatum DC., Bignoniaceae) is used traditionally by the Guarani of Eastern Paraguayan as a male sexual enhancer. The aim of the present study was to identify the main constituents of the crude drug and to evaluate the in vitro inhibitory activity towards the enzyme phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5). The main compounds were isolated by counter-current chromatography (CCC). The metabolites were identified by spectroscopic and spectrometric means. The chemical profiling of the extracts was assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The crude extract and main isolated compounds were tested for their PDE-5 inhibitory activity using commercial kits. The iridoid theviridoside and 4-hydroxy-1-methylproline were isolated as the main constituent of the crude drug. Four chlortheviridoside hexoside derivatives were detected for the first time as natural products. Chemical profiling by HPLC-MS/MS led to the tentative identification of nine iridoids, six phenolics, and five amino acids. The crude extracts and main compounds were inactive towards PDE-5 at concentrations up to 500 &micro, g/mL. Iridoids and amino acid derivatives were the main compounds occurring in the Paraguayan crude drug. The potential of ysyp&oacute, as a male sexual enhancer cannot be discarded, since other mechanisms may be involved.

The crude drug ysypó hû (Adenocalymma marginatum DC., Bignoniaceae) is used traditionally by the Guarani of Eastern Paraguayan as a male sexual enhancer. The aim of the present study was to identify the main constituents of the crude drug and to evaluate the in vitro inhibitory activity towards the enzyme phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5). The main compounds were isolated by counter-current chromatography (CCC). The metabolites were identified by spectroscopic and spectrometric means. The chemical profiling of the extracts was assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The crude extract and main isolated compounds were tested for their PDE-5 inhibitory activity using commercial kits. The iridoid theviridoside and 4-hydroxy-1-methylproline were isolated as the main constituent of the crude drug. Four chlortheviridoside hexoside derivatives were detected for the first time as natural products. Chemical profiling by HPLC-MS/MS led to the tentative identification of nine iridoids, six phenolics, and five amino acids. The crude extracts and main compounds were inactive towards PDE-5 at concentrations up to 500 µg/mL. Iridoids and amino acid derivatives were the main compounds occurring in the Paraguayan crude drug. The potential of ysypó hû as a male sexual enhancer cannot be discarded, since other mechanisms may be involved.

cence by which I can distinguish [this] plant from the range of specimens of the typical variety marginatum'. Later, in a manuscript note in the Kew Herbarium, Sandwith suggested that his words 'typical variety marginatum' should be altered to 'apparently commoner variety of the species' (i.e. that with winged seeds) since 'As Chamisso's type [of Bignonia marginata] came from "ad Fretum Sanctae Catharinae" it was quite probably var. apterospermum! But Chamisso described no fruits or seeds.' Following the precedent set by Brenan (in Kew Bull. 10: 184-189 (1955)) in the case of Mimosa pudica L., whose type cannot be assigned with certainty to any of the three known varieties of the species, Sandwith added that the typical variety marginatum should be restricted to cover Chamisso's non-fruiting type or isotypes, whilst the variety with winged seeds, as well as that without, should receive a new varietal name. Sandwith himself, however, published none. During the completion of an account of the Bignoniaceae for Dr. P. R. Reitz's 'Flora Ilustrada Catarinense' on which Mr. Sandwith was working at the time of his death in 1965, it has been necessary for me to resolve this matter, especially since fruiting material of the variety with winged seeds has been collected in S. Catarina (R. M. Klein 5737) and made available to