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Metacognitive skills are one of the abilities required in the twenty-first century, to achieve independent learning. However, these skills still need to review whether these skills have been empowered by educators, particularly in universities. This research was aimed at determining the metacognitive skill profile of Biology Education students at the Institute of Teachers' Education in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. This research used a descriptive quantitative method. The population of this research was all the students of the Biology Education Study Program at the non-state Institute of Teachers' Education in South Sulawesi. The samples of this research were 356 Biology Education students in the second semester who programmed the Environmental Science course in the 2020/2021 academic year. The instrument used in this research was an essay test to measure students' metacognitive skills in the Environmental Science course. The results of the data analysis indicate that the students' metacognitive skills are in the category of undeveloped as much as 89.27%. Therefore, some efforts to improve students' metacognitive skills are required by those institutes through the implementation of a learning model which can empower the metacognitive skills of the prospective Biology teacher students.

A preliminary study showed that Biology learning in the classroom could not encourage the integration of science concepts and Islamic values. The aims of this study are to (1) develop a new learning model that integrates scientific principles and Islamic values, and (2) characterize the RQANI model's validity, practicability, and effectiveness. This study belonged to the research and development study. The learning model was developed in four stages, including (1) preliminary investigation, (2) design, (3) realization/implementation, and (4) test, evaluation, and revision. The study population included all biology education students at IAIN Ternate, STKIP KIE Raha Ternate, and UIN Alauddin Makassar in Indonesia. The study enrolled 120 fourth semester biology education students from IAIN Ternate, STKIP KIE Raha Ternate, and UIN Alauddin Makassar, Indonesia. The research instruments employed in this study are validation sheets for learning models, observation sheets for learning implementation, learning achievement tests, and response questionnaires for the learning model. The results of this study include: (1) a new learning model, namely RQANI, that consists of five learning stages (Reading, Questioning, Answering, Elaboration, Integration); (2) The validity of the RQANI prototype was very high with an average value of 3.74. The RQANI learning model was considered fairly practical and effective in improving student learning outcomes and positive responses. Therefore, it can be concluded that RQANI has met the requirements for a valid, practical and effective learning model.

This was quantitative correlational research, which investigated the correlation between metacognitive skills and scientific attitudes towards the retention of male and female students in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The research sample was biology education students in the second semester, with 104 students consisting of 47 males and 57 females. The instruments employed in this study were those for assessing metacognitive skills, scientific attitudes, and retention. Metacognitive skills and retention were measured using essay tests, while scientific attitudes were measured using observation sheets. The results indicated that the value of the simultaneous contribution of metacognitive skills and scientific attitudes towards to the retention of female students was higher than that of male students. The effective contributions of metacognitive skills and scientific attitude towards male students' retention were 3.33% and 24.67%. Metacognitive skills and scientific attitudes both contribute 14.5% and 17.2%, respectively, to female students' retention.

Misconceptions are important to know so that future learning can be Digital literacy is one of the skills needed in preparing students to face the challenges of the 21st century. During the Covid-19 pandemic, digital activities have expanded and are increasing because many people have to turn to online alternatives, including teaching and learning activities in schools. The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of online learning on digital literacy during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research is quantitative. The study population was all students at the Senior High School of Ternate City, North Maluku, Indonesia. The research sample was 56 students at State Senior High School 4 of Ternate and State Senior High School 6 of Ternate, North Maluku, Indonesia. The research instruments used in this study were digital literacy instruments, questionnaires on student responses to online learning, questionnaires on learning motivation, and student activity observation sheets. All previous research instruments have been validated by experts and empirically validated. All research instruments have been declared valid and reliable. The results showed that the average score of digital literacy was in the medium category. The hypertext direction guide dimension has the lowest mean score compared to the three dimensions of digital literacy measurement. Digital literacy skills still need to be improved through the empowerment of active and innovative learning models integrated with IT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability to give arguments is very essential for students in order that they can take more roles in various aspects of life. The quality of students' arguments can be reflected in their ability to accommodate higher-order thinking skills to generate an argument. This study aims at analyzing students' ability to make arguments and the quality of their arguments after the implementation of Reading, Questioning and Answering (RQA), ADI (Argument-Driven Inquiry), RQA integrated with ADI, and conventional learning strategies. This research is survey research using a descriptive quantitative approach. The subjects of this research were the Biology Education students of UIN Alauddin Makassar and Universitas Muslim Maros, South Sulawesi, consisting of 92 students. The collected data were in the form of students' argumentation skill data obtained from the observation sheets in each class through the implementation of RQA strategy, ADI strategy, RQA integrated with ADI strategy, and conventional learning strategy on animals Physiology learning. The results of this research showed that the quality of students' arguments at the implementation of RQA, ADI, RQA integrated with ADI learning strategies was at the level of application, analysis, evaluation, and creation, while at the implementation of conventional learning their argumentation quality was at the level of memorizing and understanding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]