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Interest in nanoparticle modification using functional chemicals has increased rapidly, as it is allowing more freedom of physiochemical tuning of the nanoparticle’s surfaces into biomedically oriented and designated properties. However, the observation and detection of the thin molecular layers on the nanoparticle surface are very challenging under current analytical facilities. The focus of this research is to demonstrate fundamental interactions between the surface treated nanoparticles and their host liquid media using lab-based experimentation and simulation. In this research, investigation has been carried out on analyzing the surface compatibility and the diffusivity of modified CuO nanoparticles with short-chain carboxylate-terminated molecules in biofluids. Moreover, during the current Covid-19 pandemic, the Cu/CuONPs have proved effective in killing SARS-CoV1/2 and other airborne viruses. This research was conducted at the molecular level with joint consideration of experimental and simulation studies for characterization of variables. Experimental tests conducted using Fourier Transmission Infrared (FTIR) demonstrated several ranges of interest from FTIR responses, specifically, detection of three major carboxylate attachments (i.e., 1667 cm-1 -1609 cm-1, 1668 cm-1 - 1557 cm-1, etc.) were found. From simulation, similar attachment styles were observed by the LAMMPS simulation package that mimicked similar agglomerations with a predicted diffusion coefficient as recorded to be 2.28E-9m2/s. Viscosities of modified nanofluids were also compared with unmodified nanofluids for defining aggregation kinetics.

There are multiple approaches of design for Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWT) that have been studied by engineers and leaps have been made in high performing innovations. By harnessing the energy from these wind turbines, the problem of roadside lights shortage can be solved. This can help to prevent the accidents while providing clean energy. The importance of coastal areas like Australian beaches regarding wind turbines cannot be neglected as a higher number of people like to live near coastal vicinity. Also, most of the freeways in Australia expand across the sea. In this paper, one such design has been analyzed to implement across the highways. But still with many advancements in technology, an immense gap is present in the research of implementation of VAWTs. The design discussed in the current study is a VAWT which can be installed on the side of the highway roads to provide clean and cheap energy for illuminating the roads. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was conducted on the blades of the turbine to analyze its performance under operating conditions. Furthermore, the paper elaborates the generation of drag and lift on the blades of the turbine. A wind speed of 60 km/h just produced 6.1 N force on the turbine blades as a result of drag. The cost analysis showed the cheap production of such mechanism that can provide longer service when installed.

The space-time correlation function has been obtained in strongly coupled dusty plasmas (SCDPs) using equilibrium molecular dynamics (EMD) simulations. The simulated results for three-dimensional (3D) SCDPs with suitable normalization are computed over a wide domain of plasma parameters (Γ, κ) in a microcanonical ensemble. The EMD simulations indicate that different modes of propagated wave in SCDPs are analyzed for four different values of wave number ( k). New investigations of normalized longitudinal current correlation function CL( k , t) show that the amplitude of oscillation and frequency of propagated modes increase with an increase in k. The obtained results for longitudinal modes of oscillation indicate that the dust particles remain in damping behavior at the low Γ, damped oscillation with decreasing amplitude inside decaying exponential envelope at intermediate Г, and sinusoidal oscillation at high Г, depending on κ. The system size ( N) does not significantly affect the propagated modes of oscillation, while the periodic oscillation shifts toward higher Γ with increasing N and κ. The computations show that normalized longitudinal CL( k , t) current correlation particularly depend on Coulomb coupling (Γ), Debye screening ( κ), and wave number ( k). In our simulations, the frequency and the amplitude of oscillation of the dust particles decrease with an increment of κ and system size ( N), but the frequency increases and the amplitude decreases with increasing Γ, as expected. It has been demonstrated that the EMD method is used to study the different propagated modes in dusty plasma systems and can be used to predict the damping behavior, damped oscillation, and periodic phenomena in 3D strongly coupled SCDPs.

Aerodynamics analysis has become a mindset for high performance vehicles. This is because it provides valuable insight on a vehicle motion during different phases. There are vast varieties of software available like ANSYS Workbench, Star CCM+, Autodesk Simulation, SimFlow, FeatFlow, Autodesk Inventor etc. Amongst these softwares, Star CCM+ and ANSYS Workbench are the most widely used. Normally, it is observed that considerable users are confused in choosing the right software for CFD simulation because of a large variety of commercially available softwares. The present study provides comparative results to users of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) with the driven case study. In the present case, authors chose the most commonly used CFD softwares, the ANSYS Workbench Fluent and the Star CCM+. Polyhedral meshing was applied on computer aided model of a car in both of these softwares. It has been found that coefficients of drag and lift achieved by aerodynamic analysis of a car are in a small marginal approximation between both ANSYS Workbench Fluent and Star CCM+ softwares. In the case of Star CCM+, CD was around 0.261 and CL was 0.07; however, in the case of ANSYS Workbench Fluent approximations were found to be 0.271 for CD and 0.05 for CL.

Unmanned Aero Vehicles (UAV) has become a useful entity for quite a good number of industries and facilities. It is an agile, cost effective and reliable solution for communication, defense, security, delivery, surveillance and surveying etc. However, their reliability is dependent on the resilient and stabilizes performance based on control systems embedded behind the body. Therefore, the UAV is majorly dependent upon controller design and the requirement of particular performance parameters. Nevertheless, in modern technologies there is always a room for improvement. In the similar manner a UAV lateral control system was implemented and researched in this study, which has been optimized using Proportional, Integral and Derivative (PID) controller, phase lead compensator and signal constraint controller. The significance of this study is the optimization of the existing UAV controller plant for improving lateral performance and stability. With this UAV community will benefit from designing robust controls using the optimized method utilized in this paper and moreover this will provide sophisticated control to operate in unpredictable environments. It is observed that results obtained for optimized lateral control dynamics using phase lead compensator (PLC) are efficacious than the simple PID feedback gains. However, for optimizing unwanted signals of lateral velocity, yaw rate, and yaw angle modes, PLC were integrated with PID to achieve dynamical stability.

The decoupling point separates part of the supply chain oriented towards customer orders from the part based on forecast planning. This paper focuses on identification of bottlenecks and their positioning with respect to customer order decoupling point (CODP) in supply chain continuum. The research is based on a conceptual model that separates engineer to order (ETO), make to order (MTO), assemble to order (ATO) and make to stock (MTS) by a decoupling point. The important feature of this paper is that supply, demand and operational constraints are allocated in specific part of the supply chain, making it more versatile. Shifting bottleneck concepts, including impact of bottleneck position and issues concerning production and capacity planning, are studied extensively to stabilize the supply chain and reduce its complexity.

The advancements in the wind turbine technology specially associated with Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWT), has been improved for last couple of years. This is due to extensive use of computational techniques. This paper investigates dependency of torque on aerofoil geometry by performing numerical simulation on Darrieustype VAWT with fix pitch blades. Coordinate points for aerofoil was generated using Java Foil software. Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) turbulence modelling was used for predicting the flow and efficiency of the three blades VAWT. The unsteady flow condition was considered to make simulation as realistic as possible. In order to visualize high strain flow and separation, we used two equation models i.e. k-e with RNG. NACA 0012 aerofoil was used and camber variations were carried out for developing samples of aerofoil to check the enhancement in performance of VAWT. Results demonstrate the torque and power along with its coefficients. It has been investigated that the performance efficiency was significantly improved by changing the aerofoil camber, demonstrating highest torque with camber (C3) aerofoil and the least performance was observed using camber (C0).

Nanoparticle (NP) dispersion in engineering fluids holds significant characteristics that impact the quality and performance of liquid fluidic systems, like in biomedical fluids, contaminated water system, heat and energy transfer applications. This paper investigates the dispersal dynamics of metal oxide NPs in the aqueous fluid using large-scale Atomic/Molecular Parallel Simulator by applying CuO NPs as a targeting material with water (H2O). Two major parameters were chosen for evaluating the actual system in the simulation: (a) Discrete particle dynamics (DPD) and (b) Charged optimized many body (COMB) potential. In comparison to the experimental results, the current molecular dynamics (MD) simulation results show good correlations with the actual MD viscosity as 2.44 mPas at 313 K. The outcomes of this study were compared with the reference study of Loya et al., i.e. CuO–water nanofluid dispersion using DPD and smoothed particle hydrodynamics that demonstrated a marginal variation between both studies. The current research investigates viscosity, diffusion coefficient and radial distribution function with implementation of COMB potential on CuO–H2O dispersion.

Straight chain alkanes modified by metal oxide nanoclusters have gained wide recognition in applications in tribology, energy and thermal storage. This paper investigates the system’s rheological properties and diffusion coefficient in a reflection of the nanocluster’s nanofluidic dispersibility and stability in the domain of thermal and diffusive properties. A computational model working on CuO nanoclusters in an alkane (C20H44) fluidic system has been developed at an atomic-molecular level. The simulation results are used to assess the outcomes of the suspension’s fluidic stability and thermal diffusive capabilities. A COMPASS force field was employed, and periodic boundary conditions were defined to address the molecular dynamic (MD) simulation results in the dispersion system. The MD viscosity quantification using stress autocorrelation function shows a monotonic decay for 303–323 K temperatures. These results of autocorrelation calculations were used for validating viscosity results obtained from MD simulation. The viscosity of the CuO-Alkane system was found out to be 1.613 mPa s at 303 K. The diffusion coefficients were also calculated for the CuO-Alkane system using mean square displacement and it was found that at 303 K this system gives 4.302 E−11 m2/s rate of diffusion.

Antibacterial Cu bearing stainless steels (CuSS) have been developed recently and their performance has attracted significant attention widely in biomedical, healthcare and environmental facilities in cross-disciplines. The antibacterial ability and its efficiency of the CuSS are associated to the rate and concentration of Cu2+ ions releases from its surface. The surface properties such as corrosion resistance are also influenced by the amount and the rate of Cu ions released. Thus, the aim of this study focused on the determination of trace release amount of Cu2+ ions from a typical copper bearing 304 stainless steel (304CuSS). Meanwhile, the release of other key elements in the material such as Cr, Fe, Ni were also examined, and found these multiple elemental releases produced a highly synergistic effect on killing bacterium. The release rate of the metals from 304CuSS was conducted by an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). In this study, the commercial 304 stainl...

Metal oxide nanoparticles offer great merits over controlling rheological, thermal, chemical and physical properties of solutions. The effectiveness of a nanoparticle to modify the properties of a fluid depends on its diffusive properties with respect to the fluid. In this study, rheological properties of aqueous fluids (i.e. water) were enhanced with the addition of CeO2 nanoparticles. This study was characterized by the outcomes of simulation and experimental results of nanofluids. The movement of nanoparticles in the fluidic media was simulated by a large-scale molecular thermal dynamic program (i.e. LAMMPS). The COMPASS force field was employed with smoothed particle hydrodynamic potential (SPH) and discrete particle dynamics potential (DPD). However, this study develops the understanding of how the rheological properties are affected due to the addition of nanoparticles in a fluid and the way DPD and SPH can be used for accurately estimating the rheological properties with Brownian effect. The rheological results of the simulation were confirmed by the convergence of the stress autocorrelation function, whereas experimental properties were measured using a rheometer. These rheological values of simulation were obtained and agreed within 5 % of the experimental values; they were identified and treated with a number of iterations and experimental tests. The results of the experiment and simulation show that 10 % CeO2 nanoparticles dispersion in water has a viscosity of 2.0–3.3 mPas.

This paper investigates the effects of surface modification of zinc borate ultrafine powders (ZB UFPs) on their tribological properties as lubricant additives in liquid paraffin (LP). ZB UFPs were successfully modified by hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMOS) and oleic acid (OA). It is evident that HDTMOS modified zinc borate ultrafine powder (HDTMOS-ZB UFP) delivered a small conglomerate size, good stability in the organic solvent and sound anti-wear property. It has been observed that a continuous and tenacious tribo-film on the worn surface generated from HDTMOS modified ZB UFP as a lubricant additive in LP plays an important role in the outstanding anti-wear property. It is suggested that HDTMOS modified ZB UFP as a lubricant additive in LP has a great potential.