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Credit card fraud detection is presently the most frequently occurring problem in the present world. This is due to the rise in both online transactions and e-commerce platforms. Credit card fraud generally happens when the card was stolen for any of the unauthorized purposes or even when the fraudster uses the credit card information for his use. In the present world, we are facing a lot of credit card problems. To detect the fraudulent activities the credit card fraud detection system was introduced.

Music preferences reflect both experience and societal or cultural influences. The characteristics of the music genre include both structural style and societal connotations. This study investigated reactions to different types of music. The behavior of passersby was observed as music from two stereotypically “opposite” genres, hip-hop and classical, was played by the researcher while jogging past them. It was hypothesized that due to societal stereotypes and reputations of these genres’ participants would react negatively toward hip-hop and favorably toward classical. As the study was conducted, participants were observed during six different outings over a three-week period. The researcher jogged at the same time of day and over the same route with either hip-hop or classical music playing. Passersby were observed on their facial expressions, any changes in behavior, and their body language to determine their overall reaction to the music, as being “positive”, “negative”, or “neutral.” The results indicate that older passersby responded negatively to hip-hop and positively to classical music. Younger age groups often had opposite reactions. This study provides insight into different populations’ responses to opposite genres of music and how societal stereotypes may have affected these responses.

Purpose Analyze state databases to determine variables associated with of short-term readmissions and reoperations following thoracolumbar spine fusions for degenerative pathology and spinal deformity. Methods Retrospective study of State Inpatient Database (2005-13, CA, NE, NY, FL, NC, UT). Inclusion criteria age > 45 years, diagnosis of degenerative spinal deformity, ≥ 3 level posterolateral lumbar spine fusion. Exclusion criteria revision surgery, cervical fusions, trauma, and cancer. Univariate and step-wise multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent variables associated with of 30- and 90-day readmissions and reoperations. Results 12,641 patients were included. All-cause 30- and 90-day readmission rates were 14.6% and 21.1%, respectively. 90-day readmissions were associated with: age > 80 (OR: 1.42), 8 + level fusions (OR: 1.19), hospital length of stay (LOS) > 7 days (OR: 1.43), obesity (OR: 1.29), morbid obesity (OR: 1.66), academic hospital (OR: 1.13), cancer history (OR:1.21), drug abuse (OR: 1.31), increased Charlson Comorbidity index (OR: 1.12), and depression (OR: 1.20). Private insurance (OR: 0.64) and lumbar-only fusions (OR: 0.87) were not associated with 90-day readmissions. All-cause 30- and 90-day reoperation rates were 1.8% and 4.2%, respectively. Variables associated with 90-day reoperations were 8 + level fusions (OR: 1.28), LOS > 7 days (OR: 1.43), drug abuse (OR: 1.68), osteoporosis (OR: 1.26), and depression (OR: 1.23). Circumferential fusion (OR: 0.58) and lumbar-only fusions (OR: 0.68) were not associated with 90-day reoperations. Conclusions 30- and 90-day readmission and reoperation rates in thoracolumbar fusions for adult degenerative pathology and spinal deformity may have been underreported in previously published smaller studies. Identification of modifiable risk factors is important for improving quality of care through preoperative optimization.

Background As part of its End TB strategy, the WHO has identified the need for non-sputum-based diagnostics that meet target product profiles (TPP) of 90% sensitivity and 70% specificity for diagnosis of Active TB (ATB) and 75% sensitivity and specificity for predicting progression from Latent TB (LTB) to ATB. The successful translation of a 3-gene blood-based signature, identified using diverse datasets, into a prototype point-of-care diagnostic, that meets the WHO TPPs, has demonstrated the power of integrating large amounts of heterogeneous data to identify generalizable disease signatures. We hypothesized that integration of more diverse datasets, comprising patients with ATB or other inflammatory lung diseases, would identify novel, robust signatures, for diagnosing ATB and predicting progression from LTB to ATB, that meet the WHO TPPs. Methods Using multi-cohort analyses, we integrated and analyzed data from 3,615 peripheral blood samples, in 49 publicly available transcriptomic datasets (discovery cohorts), from healthy controls and patients with LTB, ATB, and other diseases (COPD, viral infections, sarcoidosis, etc.). We used data from (1) 3,836 blood samples in 28 retrospective datasets and (2) 360 prospectively collected blood samples, from a household contact study in Moldova, as validation cohorts. Results Using the discovery cohorts we identified a 9-gene signature for diagnosing ATB patients from healthy controls, or individuals with LTB or other diseases. The signature achieved 90% sensitivity and 82% specificity in retrospective validation (Figure 1A) and 90% sensitivity and 69% specificity in the prospective cohort from Moldova (Figure 1B). In a longitudinal cohort of adolescents, the 9-gene signature predicted progression from LTB to ATB up to 1 year prior to sputum conversion with 76% sensitivity and 83% specificity (Figure 1C). Finally, the signature predicted prolonged lung inflammation post-treatment in the Catalysis Treatment Response Cohort (Figure 1D). 9-gene TB signature validates in independent retrospective and prospective cohorts. (A) ROC curves for comparing ATB vs. all other samples (All), or individually comparing ATB vs. Healthy, LTBI or Other Disease (OD) samples in independent retrospective validation and (B) a prospective Moldova cohort. (C) ROC curves comparing progressor and non-progressor samples collected at different time points in the Adolescent Cohort Study (ACS), for the 9-gene signature in solid lines and a previous 3-gene signature in dashed lines, (D) Distribution of the 9-gene score at different time points post-treatment in the Catalysis Treatment Response Cohort Study, for individuals with persistent lung inflammation at 24 weeks compared with those who had clear lungs at 24 weeks. Conclusion Overall, the 9-gene signature meets the WHO TPPs required for the End TB strategy. Disclosures Purvesh Khatri, PhD, Cepheid, Inc.: Advisor/Consultant|Inflammatix, Inc.: Advisor/Consultant|Inflammatix, Inc.: Inflammatix is in negotiations to license the 9-gene signature discussed here.|Inflammatix, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds.

PurposeNumerous research tools exist but their usage among researchers across the different phases of the research cycle of scholarly communication remains unknown. This research aims to address this knowledge gap by mapping the research tools frequently used by global researchers against the various phases of the research cycle of scholarly communication.Design/methodology/approachThis research adopts a descriptive research design and conducts a cross-tabulation of secondary data consisting of 20,663 useable responses in a global survey of research tools for scholarly communication. This research also administered a survey to academic experts to classify the research tools according to traditional, modern, innovative and experimental categories.FindingsThis research reveals the six phases of the research cycle (i.e. discovery, analysis, writing, publication, outreach and assessment) and the research tools of scholarly communication frequently used by researchers worldwide in each phase as a whole and by roles, disciplines, regions and career stages. Notably, this research indicates that most of the research tools used by researchers are classified as “modern” and “innovative”.Originality/valueThe original insights herein should be useful for both established and early career researchers to gain and share research insights, as well as policymakers and existing and aspiring service providers who wish to improve the utility and usage of research tools for scholarly communication. Notably, this research represents a seminal endeavor at enhancing a global survey (secondary research) using a follow-up expert survey (primary research), which enabled the organization of research tools for scholarly communication into four refined categories. In doing so, this research contributes finer-grained insights that showcase the importance of keeping up with the advancement of technology through the use of modern, innovative and experimental research tools, thereby highlighting the need to go beyond traditional research tools for scholarly communication.

Background:Polyalthia cerasoides is well known for its therapeutic effects and is extensively used by the tribal people of South India and Africa to treat infertility, toothache, inflammation, rheumatism, fever, and to combat stress.Objective:In the present research, the anti-proliferative potential of two bioactive compounds isolated from the stem bark of P. cerasoides (Roxb.) Bedd. of the Annonaceae family was investigated.Method:The dried stem bark was powdered and subjected to extraction using methanol and further partitioned using petroleum ether. Yellow viscous oil was isolated from the petroleum ether fraction using column and preparative thin-layer chromatography. The chromatographic fractions were characterized using GC-MS. The anti-proliferative effect of the isolated compounds was assessed against HepG2 Cells using MTT- Cytotoxicity test. Furthermore, comparative in-silico docking studies were performed to predict the binding pattern of isolated molecules individually, as well as simultaneously with α, β-tubulin, a critical protein involved in the molecular mechanism of microtubule formation.Results:GC-MS analysis of yellow viscous oil from petroleum fraction confirmed the presence of two labdane diterpenes that were identified as 12E-3,4-Seco-labda-4(18),8(17),12,14-tetraen-3-oic acid, and methyl harvadate C by mass fragmentation analysis. The MTT-cytotoxicity assay showed the dose-dependent cytotoxic effect on HepG2 Cells. The comparative docking studies of the isolated compounds exhibited strong interactions with the α, β-tubulin protein.Conclusion:The prominent anti-proliferative effect exhibited by the isolated compounds, along with effective binding to α, β-tubulin protein, encourages their future utilization as prominent anti-cancer molecules.

PurposeThe purpose of the current paper is to identify the factors responsible for achieving business sustainability. This paper further attempts to develop a conceptual framework that can help SMEs to achieve viable business growth through improved sustainable performance.Design/methodology/approachThe study follows a methodical examination of literature published on SMEs during COVID-19. Specifically, the combination of keywords has primarily centred on SMEs, Business Practices, COVID-19 and Pandemic. The 155 research papers identified for the analysis have been classified as per geographical spread, type of papers, central theme, and theoretical foundations, which finally is followed by rigourous thematic analysis.FindingsThis research contributes to the SME literature by providing methodological, conceptual and practical rigour. The framework proposed by the research covers all the relevant areas which can be useful in preparing sustainable business trajectory for SMEs. It outlines the required directives for designing sustainable business practices for SMEs and includes macro and micro determinants. It also opens up future research avenues in different areas identified in the research. Future research can be performed on comparing business practices of SMEs across the emerging and developed economies.Practical implicationsIn this study, we propose a framework that enables the design of sustainable business practices and thereby supports SMEs to combat any uncertain events or shocks. SMEs that can work on adopting sustainable business practices may sculpt novel avenues for growth and competitive advantage for their business.Originality/valueThe study is distinctive in nature as it is based on the examination of literature published during a phenomenological event (COVID-19) which depicts the sudden and unaccounted disruptions faced by SMEs and thereby strategies formulated around the significant glitches.

Introduction: The genus Morus is well known for its medicinal benefits from time immemorial. The present work reported the health-promoting properties of the biologically active molecules present in different species of the genus Morus. Methods: Different solvent extracts of the three plant species of Morus were investigated initially for their antioxidant effects, followed by in vitro anticancer studies against MCF7 and 3T3 cell lines along with their bioactive isolates viz. cathafuran-B, moracin-M, and Ursolic acid. Further, in silico docking studies were performed for the isolated compounds to predict their probable mode of interaction with P38Map Kinase. Results: The results indicated that all three species under study possessed remarkable antioxidant effects which are supported by a linear and positive correlation between different antioxidant activities. The in vitro cell antiproliferative test indicated that the cell survivability decreased with an increase in the concentration of extracts and compounds. Among the extracts, M. laevigata methanol extract showed 21.57, 6.27% of cell survival against MCF7 and 3T3 cell lines at 800 µg/mL concentration while among the isolated compounds, ursolic acid showed 8.46, 17.58% of cell survival at 200 µg/mL concentration. Among the three compounds docked, ursolic acid showed greater binding affinity towards the target protein in terms of its binding energy (-9.97 kJ/mol) compared to Cathafuran B (-8.35 kJ/mol) and Moracin M (-6.91 kJ/mol). Conclusion: The study generated interesting results in terms of health benefits of Morus species by documenting their antioxidant and anticancer activities, thereby validating the folk claims of therapeutic benefits of mulberry.

Background:Plant-based drugs provide an outstanding contribution to modern therapeutics, and it is well known that the presence of different phytochemicals is responsible for such pharmacological effects. Carthamus tinctorius L. is one such medicinally important plant whose different solvent extracts have been reported with several pharmacological effects like antibacterial, hepatoprotective, and wound healing. The exploration of phytoconstituents from such a medicinally important plant for different pharmacological effects could produce new and effective drugs to treat human diseases.Objective:The present study attempts to explore the antibacterial and anthelmintic properties of dehydroabietylamine, a diterpene isolated from Carthamus tinctorius L. followed by the in silico elucidation of its probable mode of action.Methods:The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of dehydroabietylamine were assessed against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, using micro- broth dilution method. The anthelmintic activity of was determined to assess the time taken for paralysis and death of Pheretima Posthuma at different concentrations. Additionally, molecular docking study was conducted to understand the interaction between dehydroabietylamine with target proteins identified for both antibacterial and anthelmintic activity viz., glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase and β-Tubulin, respectively.Results:The dehydroabietylamine showed the significant MIC for S. aureus (12.5 μg/ml) and P. aeruginosa (6.25μg/ml), respectively. The result of anthelmintics effect of dehydroabietylamine was found to be dosedependent and compared to the standard drug, albendazole.Conclusion:The interactions of dehydroabietylamine with the two target proteins with high binding affinity indicated the probable inhibition of target proteins, which could be the cause for prominent antibacterial and antihelminthic effects.

Single-anastomosis duodeno-ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy (SADI-S) surgery is a modification of the traditional duodenal switch (DS) surgery. SADI-S is relatively a new bariatric surgical procedure and has gone by many names depending on the length of the common channel. In this study, we report our initial experience with this novel technique in the Australian population. The medical records of 91 patients who underwent laparoscopic primary SADI-S surgery by one surgeon at a single Australian center from January 2017 through May 2019 were retrospectively studied. Ninety-one patients were identified for analysis. The mean age and preoperative body mass index (BMI) was 46.2 ± 9 years and 43.2 ± 5.7 kg/m2, respectively. The mean operative time and length of stay were 121.8+/- 25 minutes and 1.4 ± 0.8 days, respectively. At 12 and 24 months, the patients lost an average BMI of 15.2 ± 5.2 kg/m2 and 17.2 ± 5.9 kg/m2, respectively. The short-term and long-term complication rates were 4.3% and 0%, respectively. The mortality rate was 0%. Postoperatively, the obstructive sleep apnea, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and gastroesophageal reflux disease resolution rates were 94, 94, 75, 68, and 13%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between most of the preoperative and postoperative nutritional data. SADI-S appears to be a safe bariatric surgical procedure with favorable outcomes at 2 years in the Australian population.

We describe the framework for capturing the internal view of complex anatomical spaces via multiple media and haptic platforms, exemplified by realistic and conceptual representations of the pterygopalatine fossa (PPF). A realistic three-dimensional (3D) mesh of the PPF was developed by segmenting the osseous anatomy on computed tomography (CT) using Materialize InPrint. Subsequently in Autodesk 3D Studio Max, the realistic mesh was enhanced with graphically designed neurovascular anatomy and additionally a conceptual representation of the PPF with its connections and contents was created. An interactive web-compatible Adobe Flash tutorial using ActionScript was developed, allowing users to advance through a series of educational slides that contained interactive rotatable interior camera views and scrollable CT cross-sectional content, incorporating both the realistic and conceptual models. Both models were also 3D printed using polyamide material. In the realistic model, the neurovasculature was colored with water-based acrylic paint. A 3-piece modular design with embedded magnets allows for internal visualization and seamless assembly. A serious gaming environment of the conceptual PPF was also developed using Truevision3D application programming interface, where users can freely move around rooms and hallways that represent various spaces. Lastly, the realistic model was incorporated into a headset-based virtual reality environment, Surgical Theater, allowing visualization and fly-through inside and outside the model. Multiple 3D techniques for visualization of complex 3D anatomical spaces from within were described, with the necessary software and skills detailed. A rough estimate of the time and cost needed to develop these tools as well as multiple supplementary source and end result files are also made available. Educators could utilize multiple advanced delivery methods to incorporate custom digital 3D models of complex anatomical spaces understood from inside.

This study aims to investigate the mechanism of natural antioxidant ferulic acid (FA) in reducing oxidative stress followed by its inhibitory effect on the Keap1-Nrf2 complex. FA was treated ex vivo with human blood for 30 min at 37 °C ± 1 °C and exposed to 1.5 Gy of γ- rays of 60Co (0.789 Gy/min) and allowed for repair for an hour at 37 °C ± 1 °C. FA's free radical scavenging capacity was measured using 2,7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate assay and cytogenetic assays. Further, a possible mechanism of protein-ligand interaction between FA and Keap1-Nrf2 pathway protein as a cellular drug target was studied using docking and molecular dynamics simulation. The 1.5 Gy of γ- rays exposed to pre-treated blood with FA showed a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in reactive oxygen species and DNA damage compared to the normal control blood group sample. The ligand-protein transient binding interaction in molecular dynamic simulation over a period of 100 ns was consistent and stable emphasizing complementary charge between the protein and ligand, speculating higher hydrophobic amino acid residues in the Keap1 active pocket. This might sway the Keap1 from interaction with Nrf2, and could lead to nuclear translocation of Nrf2 during radiation-induced oxidative stress. The present study emphasizes the radioprotective effect of FA against 1.5 Gy of γ- rays exposed to human blood and the application of in silico approaches helpful for the possible protective effect of FA. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

Polyalthia cerasoides is well known for its therapeutic effects and is extensively used by the tribal people of South India and Africa to treat infertility, toothache, inflammation, rheumatism, fever, and to combat stress.In the present research, the anti-proliferative potential of two bioactive compounds isolated from the stem bark of P. cerasoides (Roxb.) Bedd. of the Annonaceae family was investigated.The dried stem bark was powdered and subjected to extraction using methanol and further partitioned using petroleum ether. Yellow viscous oil was isolated from the petroleum ether fraction using column and preparative thin-layer chromatography. The chromatographic fractions were characterized using GC-MS. The anti-proliferative effect of the isolated compounds was assessed against HepG2 Cells using MTT- Cytotoxicity test. Furthermore, comparative in-silico docking studies were performed to predict the binding pattern of isolated molecules individually, as well as simultaneously with α, β-tubulin, a critical protein involved in the molecular mechanism of microtubule formation.GC-MS analysis of yellow viscous oil from petroleum fraction confirmed the presence of two labdane diterpenes that were identified as 12E-3,4-Seco-labda-4(18),8(17),12,14-tetraen-3-oic acid, and methyl harvadate C by mass fragmentation analysis. The MTT-cytotoxicity assay showed the dose-dependent cytotoxic effect on HepG2 Cells. The comparative docking studies of the isolated compounds exhibited strong interactions with the α, β-tubulin protein.The prominent anti-proliferative effect exhibited by the isolated compounds, along with effective binding to α, β-tubulin protein, encourages their future utilization as prominent anti-cancer molecules.

Received: 02.09.2021. Revised: 11.10.2021. Accepted: 12.10.2021. Available online: 15.10.2021. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this work. A series of 5-(3-substituted-thiophene)-pyrimidine derivatives (3a-d) were synthesized via Knoevenagel condensation reaction in aqueous ethanol using H2O2:HCl as a catalyst. Their pharmacological effects was evaluated. Analytical and spectroscopic methods confirmed the structures of the target molecules. The antibacterial activity studies revealed that, compounds 3b and 3d exhibited the most effective zone of inhibition against bacterial strains E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. The in vitro cytotoxicity was carried out by MTT assay against MCF-7 cell line. The results showed the excellent selectivity for all four compounds, among which the compound 3a exhibited remarkable cytotoxicity with a minimum cell viability range of 23.68 to 44.16%. The interaction of compounds with calf thymus DNA was determined using UV-absorption spectroscopy. The results confirmed that all the synthesized compounds interacted strongly with CT DNA through electrostatic or groove binding. In silico ADME-toxicology studies indicated that all the molecules under investigation are nontoxic with good oral bioavailability. The drug-likeness score indicated that they are suitable as drug-leads. In silico molecular docking the specified compound 3b bounds with GlcN-6-P and P38 MAPk with a minimum binding energy of –7.9 and –6.4 kcal/mol, respectively. DFT study demonstrated that the compound 3d was chemically and biologically more reactive due to less energy gap. The authors are thankful to the Chairman, Department of Chemistry, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, for providing the laboratory facilities and SAIF, Mysore Uni-versity, for providing the spectral data.

Smart cities integrate multiple mobile or websolutions to build a comfortable human habitation. One of these solutions is to provide an environmentally friendly, efficient and effective garbage management system. The current garbage collection system includes routine garbage trucks doing roundsdaily or weekly, which not only doesn't cover every zone of the city but its completely inefficient use of government resources. The proposed system, where admin manage the garbage app for full online based mointoring and analyze the system. Her admin handle bins, driver, complaints from user and work report from driver. This paper proposes a cost-effective mobile or web based system for the government to utilize available resources to efficiently manage the over whelming amounts of garbage collected each day, while also providing a better solution for the inconvenience of garbage disposal for the citizens. This is done by a driver, app will provide predictive and guide routes generated through for garbage trucks. Then driver update the status of work done will be data collected. An android or web app is developed for the work force and the citizens, which primarily provides the user create complatints available smart bin.