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1. Hybrid Renewable Energy System for Terminos Lagoon, Campeche, Mexico

Author

César Sánchez-Rucobo y Huerdo, Ma. Eugenia Allende-Arandía, Bernardo Figueroa-Espinoza, Estefanía García-Caballero, Adolfo Contreras-Ruiz Esparza, and Christian M. Appendini

Subjects
hybrid system, terminos lagoon, renewable energy, wind turbines, photovoltaic panels, hydrokinetic turbines, Technology
Abstract

The implementation of renewable energies represents a crucial step in meeting the sustainable development goal of the United Nations for affordable and clean energy. The Terminos Lagoon region in Campeche, the largest coastal lagoon in Mexico, offers potential for renewable energy sources such as wind, photovoltaic, and current energy. This study presents a renewable energy potential assessment for the main city at Terminos Lagoon, Ciudad del Carmen, which has the largest oil activity in Mexico and high electricity consumption. The outputs of high-resolution numerical models were analyzed to evaluate wind and photovoltaic resources and currents. A hybrid system consisting of 24 wind turbines, 5516 photovoltaic panels, and 32 hydrokinetic turbines could generate 521.33 GWh, which is 39.63% of the state’s energy demand and exceeds the energy consumption of Ciudad del Carmen by 10.24%. Wind and photovoltaic energy are the most significant contributors (517.15 GWh and 3.77 GWh, respectively), while hydrokinetic energy contribution is marginal (0.407 GWh) and requires further research and development. The results suggest that the region has the potential for clean and renewable energy technologies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and contribute to the energy transition.

Published
2023
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4. Changes in the flooding area due to storm surge under climate change in an extensive wetland area in the southern Gulf of Mexico

Author

Christian Grenz, Pascal Douillet, Ovel Díaz-García, Renaud Fichez, Lionel Denis, Adolfo Contreras Ruiz-Esparza, Jorge Zavala-Hidalgo, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Biogéochimique (LOPB), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Lille-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Storm surge, Climate change, Wetland, MANGROVE, 01 natural sciences, Sea level rise, LAGON, GESTION DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, cold front, Geomorphology, Sea level, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, MODELE MATHEMATIQUE, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, FRONT THERMIQUE, mangrove wetland, geography.geographical_feature_category, Flooding (psychology), PREVISION CLIMATIQUE, 15. Life on land, Términos Lagoon, FVCOM model, INONDATION, BATHYMETRIE, Geography, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Weather Research and Forecasting Model, NIVEAU MARIN, SIMULATION, Mangrove
Abstract

International audience; RESUMEN Se estudian, mediante el análisis de observaciones y simulaciones numéricas, las inundaciones causadas por frentes fríos intensos y cómo éstas podrían cambiar en diferentes escenarios de aumento del nivel del mar en la Laguna de Términos, México. El modelo numérico de circulación oceánica utilizado es el Finite-Volume Community Ocean Model (el forzamiento meteorológico proviene de simulaciones de alta resolución con el modelo Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF). Las simulaciones oceánicas se llevaron a cabo utilizando mallas no estructuradas y configuraciones con la posibilidad de inundación y secado en las celdas. Los resultados de las simulaciones numéricas se compararon con observaciones. Teniendo en cuenta el nivel del mar actual, un evento intenso de Norte inunda un área de 940 km 2 , que actualmente está cubierta por manglares. Esto indica que los Nortes son importantes en la irrigación de extensas áreas de manglar. Para los escenarios de aumento del nivel del mar de 0.25, 0.50 y 0.75 m, las áreas inundadas se incrementan en 297, 1062 y 2152 km 2 , respectivamente, lo cual implica un aumento considerable en las áreas inundadas en Isla del Carmen. Se sugiere considerar estos resultados en la planificación a largo plazo. ABSTRACT Floods caused by intense cold fronts and how they could change under different scenarios of sea level rise in the Terminos Lagoon, Mexico, are studied through the analysis of observations and numerical simulations. The numerical ocean model used is the Finite-Volume Community Ocean Model (FVCOM) of the Marine Ecosystem Dynamics Modeling Laboratory of the University of Massachusetts-Dartmouth, and the meteorological forcing comes from high-resolution simulations with the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF). The ocean simulations were carried out using unstructured meshes with the possibility of flooding and drying in their cells. Results of the numerical simulations were compared against observations. Considering the current mean sea level, an intense northern cold front event (or Norte) floods an area of 940 km 2 that is currently covered by mangroves. This indicates that Nortes are important in the irrigation of extensive mangrove areas. Under scenarios of sea level rise of 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 m the flooded areas increase by 297, 1062 and 2152 km 2 , representing a considerable increase in the areas flooded at Isla del Carmen. It is suggested to consider this situation in long-term planning.

Published
2020

5. Spatiotemporal variability in Terminos Lagoon (Mexico) waters during the 2009–2010 drought reveals upcoming trophic status shift in response to climate change

Author

Montserrat Origel-Moreno, Pascal Conan, Francisco José Gutiérrez Mendieta, Christian Grenz, Jorge Zavala-Hidalgo, Alain Muñoz Caravaca, Jean-François Ghiglione, Mireille Pujo-Pay, Sandrine Chifflet, Lionel Denis, Adolfo Contreras Ruiz Esparza, Renaud Fichez, Pascal Douillet, Carlos Linares, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne (LOMIC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Caractérisation et modélisation des échanges dans des lagons soumis aux influences terrigènes et anthropiques (CAMELIA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie])-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Guyane]), Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana [Mexico] (UAM), Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana, Unidad Cuajimalpa, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmosfera [Mexico], Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Climate change, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Trophic status, Hydrology (agriculture), 14. Life underwater, El Niño, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Mexico, Global change, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Trophic level, Global and Planetary Change, Community structure, Sampling (statistics), Biota, 15. Life on land, Coastal lagoon, 6. Clean water, Salinity, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Hydrology, El Nino
Abstract

International audience; The 2009-2010 El Niño was accompanied by a severe drought strongly impacting Mexico as well as Central America, the Caribbean, and the southern USA. The present work aims at assessing how such a major climatic event impacted the hydrological typology of transitional waters in Terminos Lagoon, one of the largest shallow tropical lagoons fringing the Gulf of Mexico. Spatiotemporal inter-comparison of hydrological conditions was conducted by pairing a reference multiparametric dataset (14 hydrological parameters versus 34 sampling stations) averaged over the October 2008 to July 2010 period with each sampling occurrence dataset and running Principal Component Analyses (PCA), setting the reference-survey dataset as active variables and each sampling occurrence dataset as non-active (supplementary) variables. It revealed that the exceptional deficit in freshwater supply to the lagoon during the 2009-2010 El Niño drastically reduced hydrological diversity and lowered the trophic status of the lagoon. Short-term shifts in environmental status are common in transitional waters and responsible for temporary shifts in community structure but climate change projections show a significant long-term decrease in the freshwater discharge at the regional scale that will impact Terminos Lagoon as well as other coastal lagoons of Mexico and Central America. When combined with sea level rise, such a decrease will result in a long-term shift in hydrological conditions with a subsequent increase in salinity and a decrease in the diversity of environmental conditions affecting trophic status, will have a long-term impact on the biota.

Published
2019

6. Global climate change and local watershed management as potential drivers of salinity variation in a tropical coastal lagoon (Laguna de Terminos, Mexico)

Author

Christian Grenz, Renaud Fichez, Jorge Zavala-Hidalgo, Montserrat Origel Moreno, Adolfo Contreras Ruiz Esparza, Pascal Douillet, Lionel Denis, Denisse Archundia, Francisco José Gutiérrez Mendieta, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie ( MIO ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Université de Toulon ( UTLN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d'étude des transferts en hydrologie et environnement ( LTHE ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble ( INPG ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble ( OSUG ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Unidad Iztapalapa ( UAM ), Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana - Iztapalapa, Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 ( LOG ), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centro de Ciencias de la Atmosfera /UNAM, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México ( UNAM ), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa (UAM), Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Laboratoire d'étude des transferts en hydrologie et environnement (LTHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Unidad Iztapalapa (UAM), and Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Wet season, Salinity, Watershed, Environmental management, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate change, Wetland, Mesoamerica, Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, Tropical, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Sustainable development, 14. Life underwater, Mexico, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, [ SDU.STU.OC ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Global warming, Global change, Lagoon, 15. Life on land, [ SDV.EE.ECO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, 6. Clean water, River discharge, Watershed management, Oceanography, Coastal, 13. Climate action, Land use, Environmental science, ENSO, Terminos
Abstract

The wide range of ecological goods and services provided by tropical coastal lagoons and wetlands are under considerable pressure due to the synergistic effects of local anthropogenic impact and global climate change. In transitional waters, salinity is a key driver of ecological processes mostly depending on the balance between marine and river inputs, a balance that can be significantly modified by climate change and by anthropogenic alteration of the watershed. Mesoamerica being considered as a climate change hot-spot and as an ecoregion strongly vulnerable to global change, our study aimed at analyzing the relationship between salinity, river runoff, and rainfall variability in a tropical coastal lagoon and to assess the respective influence of climate change and watershed management. The study focusing on the large and shallow coastal lagoon of Laguna de Terminos in south eastern Mexico established: (1) the variability in salinity distribution along the yearly cycle and the occurrence of a high salinity anomaly period during the wet season of 2009; (2) the relationship between lagoon waters salinity and river inputs further underlying the anomalous situation encountered in 2009; (3) a long term increase in river discharge during the past 60 years, indicating potential salinity decrease in the lagoon during that same period; (4) an absence of any change in rainfall linking the increase in runoff to watershed management rather than long term trend in climate change. Additionally, the specific context of the 2009–2010 Central-Equatorial Pacific El Nino is underlined and the potential relationship between river discharge and ENSO is discussed. Those results should be of significant practical value to decision-makers who are often keen to point the finger at global climate change when local environmental management is also and sometime most significantly responsible.

Published
2016

7. Tidal dynamics of the Terminos Lagoon, Mexico: observations and 3D numerical modelling

Author

Adolfo Contreras Ruiz Esparza, Jorge Zavala-Hidalgo, Pascal Douillet, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), OPLC, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie ( MIO ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Université de Toulon ( UTLN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Université de Toulon ( UTLN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Université de Toulon ( UTLN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Terminos Lagoon, Residual currents, Baroclinity, Magnitude (mathematics), Tides, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, components, Tidal circulation, 14. Life underwater, Sea level, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, [ SDU.STU.OC ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Harmonic, Inlet, Ebb dominated, Current (stream), Circulation (fluid dynamics), Tide gauge, Harmonic components, Geology, Tides .Residual currents . TerminosLagoon .Ebb dominated . Harmonic components
Abstract

The tidal circulation patterns in the Terminos Lagoon were studied based on the analysis of 1 year of measurements and numerical simulations using a baroclinic 3D hydrodynamic model, the MARS3D. A gauging network was installed consisting of six self-recording pressure–temperature sensors, a tide gauge station and two current profilers, with pressure and temperature sensors moored in the main lagoon inlets. Model simulations were validated against current and sea level observations and were used to analyse the circulation patterns caused by the tidal forcing. The numerical model was forced with eight harmonic components, four diurnal (K 1, O 1, P 1, Q 1) and four semi-diurnal (M 2, S 2, N 2, K 2), extracted from the TPX0.7 database. The tidal patterns in the study area vary from mixed, mainly diurnal in the two main inlets of the lagoon, to diurnal in its interior. The tidal residual circulation inside the lagoon is dominated by a cyclonic gyre. The results indicate a net flux from the southwest Ciudad del Carmen inlet (CdC) towards the northeast Puerto Real inlet (PtR) along the southern side of the lagoon and the opposite in the northern side. The results indicate two areas of strong currents in the vicinity of the inlets and weak currents inside the lagoon. The area of strong currents in the vicinity of the CdC inlet is larger than that observed in the PtR inlet. Nevertheless, the current analysis indicates that the highest current speeds, which can reach a magnitude of 1.9 m s−1, occurred in PtR. A further analysis of the tide distortion in the inlets revealed that both passages are ebb dominated.

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