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The authors present an analysis of the History and Geography textbooks that were the most used in Italian secondary schools in the school year 2016-2017, aimed at investigating immigrant representation and migrations through images and texts. Indeed, textbooks are a kind of media that can impact on the public discourse while presenting a certain vision of society to those that are becoming the future citizens, conveying - explicitly and implicitly - value systems. In this sense, they can act as tools to build support for power or cultural resistance, an aspect that is reflected in the so called "Didactic Transposition Delay", which helps to understand the relationship between knowledge and values. Given their "political" nature, albeit cloaked in an institutional authority, it is important to reflect on this type of media in a critical manner, particularly with respect to the promotion of discrimination and stereotypes. Among the findings of the study, a narrative predominantly describing migrants as "victims" and as a resource (especially eco-nomic) for the country of destination, albeit not lacking representation in terms of problems, while barely making room for the subject of human rights. At the same time, the images convey a representation that is predominantly "male", tending to "veil" the presence of women, contrary to the data, but with certain elements which the authors consider as developments with respect to previous studies.

Extreme hydrological events have gained notoriety in recent decades, thus recommended elements of decision-making assistance are important. In this context, this study focused on analyzing the temporal behavior of the maximum rainfall and waterflow recorded in the city of Rio Branco, Acre (Brazil), in addition to analyzing their frequencies, highlighting the reference quantiles and their reported probabilities of recurrence. The results pointed to a linearly upward trend, both for flow and rainfall, but these differences were not statistically significant according to the Mann-Kendall and Spearman Rho tests (α = 5%), leading to the conclusion for the occurrence of changes in hydrological patterns in Rio Branco, although statistically non-significant. However, it is warned to the precocity of attributing the main cause of such changes to either anthropic or natural actions. Regarding frequency analysis, it was found that Gumbel distribution is proper to the adjustment of the studied data, thus, it is possible to determine the lifetime associated with hydrological risk and the useful lifespan of a project aiming at planning actions in the face of the impacts of extreme events, especially in a scenario of severe floods. Resumo Os eventos hidrológicos extremos ganharam notoriedade nas últimas décadas e, por isso, elementos preconizados de auxílio à tomada de decisão são importantes. Neste contexto, o estudo se concentrou em analisar o comportamento temporal dos registros máximos de chuva e de vazão anotados na cidade de Rio Branco, Acre, além da análise de frequência, destacando os quantis de referência e suas referidas probabilidades de recorrência. Os resultados apontaram para uma tendência linearmente ascendente, tanto para a vazão quanto para a precipitação pluviométrica, entretanto, não significativa segundo os testes de Mann-Kendall e Spearman Rho (α = 5%), ou seja, concluiu-se pela ocorrência de alterações nos padrões hidrológicos em Rio Branco, ainda que estatisticamente não significativa. Contudo, alerta-se para a precocidade de se atribuir a causa principal de tal alterações (ações antrópicas ou naturais). No tocante à análise de frequência, verificou-se que a distribuição de Gumbel é apropriada ao ajuste dos dados estudados e, com isso, pode-se determinar o quantil de vida útil associado ao risco hidrológico e ao tempo de vida útil de uma empreitada com vistas ao planejamento de ações frente aos impactos de eventos extremos, sobretudo num cenário de inundações severas.

The chapter introduces the theoretical reflections which have inspired this volume, starting with the art and science relationship, following the formalization of their possible connections through the Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics (STEAM) approach in the educational field and finally focusing on storytelling as a specific methodology. Educational experiences of co-creation combining art and science can be seen in light of the Responsible Research and Innovation framework by emphasizing the active role of learners, teachers, scientists and other societal actors throughout the entire process of co-creation of knowledge, with the aim of aligning the research process and its consecutive outcomes with societal needs, values and expectations.

This paper investigates migrant representation patterns according to media political orientation, analyzing the coverage of key-events by liberal/conservative online newspapers of France, Greece, Italy, UK. From our textual and visual analysis, it is possible to recognize slight specificities between liberals and conservatives, but not indicative of a deep change of narratives. In both, we registered a prevalence of the "acceptance frame", an infrequent use of negative tones in texts and aesthetic topic in images, among the "topics of suffering" by Boltanski. Moreover, a domesticity approach limiting the possibility of new narratives of Europe and the rest of the world emerges.

Co-creation and other Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI)-related principles and tools can be successfully applied in the field of art and science, valorization of cultural heritage, giving value to territory, community development, innovation and well-being and promoting gender equality in science. By the use of modern, digital techniques adapted to their capacities and preferences, millennials can be attracted into active community participation, be delivered relevant education in art and science, equipped with necessary hard and soft skills for the twenty-first century work market and empowered to assume leadership roles in preserving the cultural heritage and territory of their communities, making them relevant and sustainable, socially and economically.

A study was conducted over eight consecutive days in February 2010 in which daily variations in the vertical distributions of heterotrophic bacteria, mesozooplankton and ichthyoplankton at 1–1200 m in the South-western Atlantic Ocean were investigated. Diurnal and nocturnal samples were collected at an oceanographic station at four regional depths: Tropical Water (TW) (1 m), South Atlantic Central Water (SACW) (250 m), Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) (800 m) and Upper Circumpolar Deep Water (UCDW) (1200 m). Bacterial, mesozooplankton and larval fish densities significantly differed between sample depths but not between sampling tow times. In total, 154 zooplankton species and 18 larval fish species were identified. The highest number of taxa was obtained from the night-time TW trawls. This depth zone had the highest densities of mesozooplankton, larval fish and bacterioplankton (auto and heterotrophic), associated with the highest temperature and salinity and the lowest inorganic nutrient concentrations. Two sample groups were identified based on their mesozooplankton and larval fish compositions: night-time TW and other water masses (daytime TW, SACW, AAIW and UCDW). Thirty-two indicator species were detected in night-time TW. The copepod Nullosetigera impar was, to the best of our knowledge, identified for the first time on the Brazilian coast. Our results showed significant variability in the abundance and vertical distribution of mesozooplankton, bacterioplankton and larval fish along the water column in an oceanic area. We have provided new data and insights on the composition and vertical distribution of mesozooplankton, larval fish and bacterioplankton in deep waters in the South-western Atlantic Ocean.

We examined changes in the functioning of copepod assemblages with increasing pollution in estuaries, using sampling standardization of the salinity range to enable comparisons. Copepod assemblages were analyzed in four southeast Brazilian estuaries with different water quality levels and hydrodynamic characteristics over two years. We obtained mesozooplankton samples together with environmental and water quality parameters in the estuaries, every two months under predetermined salinities ranging from 15 to 25. The values of parameters, except species size, associated with the functioning of the copepod assemblages (biomass, productivity, and turnover rate) did not differ among estuaries. However, in the more polluted estuaries, the biomass and productivity of copepod assemblages of mesozooplankton were negatively correlated with concentration of pollution indicator parameters. Conversely, in the less polluted estuaries some degree of enrichment still seems to increase the system biomass and productivity, as these parameters were inversely related to indicators of improved water quality. The pollution level of estuaries distorted the relationship between temperature and the efficiency of converting energy to organic matter. In the less polluted estuaries, the relationship between turnover rate and temperature was over 70%, while in the most polluted estuaries, this relationship was only approximately 50%. Our results demonstrated that the functioning of assemblages in the estuaries was affected differently by increasing pollution depending on the water quality level of the system. Thus, investigating the functioning of assemblages can be a useful tool for the analysis of estuarine conditions.

Objective The transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block is a relatively simple regional anesthesia technique which entails the injection of local anesthetics (LA) into the interfascial plane between the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles, where nerves supplying the anterolateral abdominal wall course. It is widely used for acute pain management following abdominal surgical procedures. We describe a series of cases in which TAP blocks were used to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic abdominal wall pain (CAWP). Design Consecutive case series of 5 patients presenting with CAWP. Setting Regional referral Center for Pain Medicine of the academic tertiary hospital of Parma, Italy. Results Five patients received TAP blocks with LA and steroid. Four patients reported ≥50% pain relief within hours of the procedure, and 2 of them maintained low pain intensities at 6 and 12 months’ follow-up calls. Conclusions TAP blocks are a valuable addition to the diagnostic armamentarium of pain physicians confronted with abdominal pain of unclear origin. Although most patients responded to the LA injection, the varying degrees of response duration may have been influenced by the different etiologies underlying each condition and the variable expressions of placebo responses. Once the abdominal wall and/or its nerves are identified as pain generators, the optimal therapeutic management remains to be determined. Available literature as well as our case series show that long-term benefit may be obtained with 1 or more injections, but we speculate that this may only be the case for pain with predominantly neuropathic components. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Highlights • Media attitude towards underpinning policy with evidence influences policy decision makers. • Individual skills, attitudes, values of policy makers impact the extent evidence use. • A solid research infrastructure is facilitating but not sufficient for evidence use. • Factors that impact evidence use in policy making differ by country and policy context. • Interventions connecting policy makers and researchers in the policy context seem most promising., The knowledge-practice gap in public health is widely known. The importance of using different types of evidence for the development of effective health promotion has also been emphasized. Nevertheless, in practice, intervention decisions are often based on perceived short-term opportunities, lacking the most effective approaches, thus limiting the impact of health promotion strategies. This article focuses on facilitators and barriers in the use of evidence in developing health enhancing physical activity policies. Data was collected in 2012 by interviewing 86 key stakeholders from six EU countries (FI, DK, UK, NL, IT, RO) using a common topic guide. Content analysis and concept mapping was used to construct a map of facilitators and barriers. Barriers and facilitators experienced by most stakeholders and policy context in each country are analysed. A lack of locally useful and concrete evidence, evidence on costs, and a lack of joint understanding were specific hindrances. Also users’ characteristics and the role media play were identified as factors of influence. Attention for individual and social factors within the policy context might provide the key to enhance more sustainable evidence use. Developing and evaluating tailored approaches impacting on networking, personal relationships, collaboration and evidence coproduction is recommended.

We examined trophic relationships in estuarine planktonic food webs by focusing on the assemblages and functional groups of copepods and their effects on prey and predator. We also studied the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in estuaries using different taxonomic and functional diversity indices of copepod assemblages and copepod biomass as a proxy of ecosystem functioning. We collected samples every 2 months over a 2-year period in four Brazilian estuaries. Taxonomic diversity indices showed a positive and negative relationship with chaetognath densities and ecosystem functioning, respectively. The functional indices were negatively related to the effect of predator diversity on prey. Different functional groups of copepods were positively correlated with chaetognath density, consistent with their generalist feeding habits. Thus, multifaceted approaches that use different indices and functional groups are recommended to provide a more realistic view of the trophic relationships and ecosystem functioning in estuaries.

Il contributo inquadra il tema della rappresentazione dei migranti nella complessità del dibattito filosofico e mediatico; indica come il processo di oscuramento si esprima e produca in buona misura attraverso il linguaggio, considerando sia i fattori ricorrenti che le assenze; indaga quanto i media possano essere considerati responsabili di un rappresentazione deformata delle migrazioni.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:27:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-11-01 Prognostic stratification in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) relies, mostly, on cytogenetics and molecular features of leukemic blasts. The LeukemiaNet prognostic scoring system has been proposed as a standardized way of evaluating prognosis in AML. We have analysed outcomes in 65 AML cases (median age of 54 years, range 18–82) treated at five hematology centers in Brazil stritified according to the European Leukemia Net (ELN) recommendations for cytogenetic and molecular analysis. We classified patients as favorable (N = 13), intermediate-1 (N = 25), intermediate-2 (N = 15), or adverse risk (N = 9). Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) was performed in 13 patients (21%). Median follow-up was 12 months. The median overall survival (OS) for all patients was 12.4 months. Median OS was 19.8, 12.4, 10.1, and 10.4 months (p = 0.24) for patients in the favorable, intermediate-1, intermediate-2, and adverse groups, respectively. Among patients receiving BMT, median OS was 26.8 months. The ELN is a valuable tool for prognostic stratification of AML patients treated in Brazil. Nevertheless, its usefulness is limited when compared to data from developed countries. Centro de Pesquisa Clínica Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein Centro de Oncologia Integrado Hospital Quinta D’Or Complexo Hospitalar Universitário Professor Edgard Santos (HUPES) Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA) Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) Hospital Amaral Carvalho Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu Centro de Pesquisa Clínica Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein, 627/520 Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu

The aim of this paper is to investigate the consequences of the bibliometrics-based evaluation system of scientific production on the contents and methods of sciences. The research has been conducted by means of in-depth interviews to a multi-disciplinary panel of Italian researchers. We discuss the implications of bibliometrics-based evaluation on the choice of the research topic, on the experimental practices, on the dissemination habits. We observe that the validation of the bibliometrics-based evaluation practices relies on the acceptance and diffusion within the scientific community, and that these practices are self-sustained through their wide application. We discuss possible evolving scenarios, also considering the recent development of digital archives.

In this work a meta-policy on health promotion is analysed, through content analysis of documents and interviews to stakeholders, with the aim of understanding the use of evidence and the knowledge conversion process in a multi-actor policy trajectory. We study the different sources of evidence and their interaction. Among our results, we describe a process of document analysis and classification which leads to the definition of mediated use of research evidence. The analysis of the policy trajectory helps to identify when the use of evidence is driven by the local level, and to recognise ‘pivot’ individuals in the policy development.

This article proposes an innovative theoretical framework for applying the Living Lab approach, traditionally adopted in entrepreneurial contexts, to the context of alternating training (AT) at school in co-designing, implementing and evaluating AT scenarios, with the final aim of fostering the role of the school as a social hub connecting several societal actors.

This paper describes an innovative process of assessment and improvement of the physical education and sport curriculum developed within the European Erasmus Plus project DIYPES. This process joins together two approaches: the Policy Lab, rooted in the Responsible Research and Innovation framework, aimed at involving stakeholders in the policy change processes; and the UNESCO “curriculum system” framework, that values not formal and not explicit levels of the curriculum. Merging these two approaches allows to design and tailor methods to address the “curriculum system”, promoting social actors engagement and co-production of knowledge with the aim of collective curriculum improvement.

We examined the spatial and temporal variations of coastal and oceanic epipelagic copepods (rainy–dry seasons of 2009) in a tropical area of the south-west Atlantic. Zooplankton samples were obtained at 48 stations along six transects perpendicular to the coast, in the subsurface water between the 25 and 3000 m isobaths, by horizontal hauls using a Multinet. Abundance (42–64,753 ind. m−3), biomass (0.08–113 mg C m−3) and daily copepod production (0.17–163.20 mg C m−3 d−1) showed longitudinal and latitudinal variability. The highest values were observed over the southern continental shelf during the dry season. Temoridae, Undinula vulgaris and Paracalanus quasimodo dominated the biomass and daily copepod production during the rainy season; while Calanoides carinatus, Calanopia americana, Clausocalanidae, Temoridae, Paracalanidae and Subeucalanidae dominated during the dry season. The copepod assemblages formed four different groups: rainy season–continental shelf (1), dry season–continental shelf (2), rainy season–continental slope (3) and dry season–continental slope (4). Temperature, salinity, chlorophyll-a and suspended particulate matter explained 45% of the productivity distribution of the dominant copepod species. This study is the first attempt to examine the biomass and daily copepod production in oceanic waters in the south-west Atlantic Ocean, and it showed that copepod biomass and production in a tropical region can be relatively high compared with other regions of the world's oceans.

In recent decades, many disciplines have dealt with the relationship between scientific research and policy-making, and many different models for science-policy interactions have been proposed. This paper aims to investigate the models of science-policy interaction implicitly or explicitly adopted by stakeholders, by means of a Delphi study performed with Italian researchers, politicians, doctors and journalists. The study was developed within the framework of the European project on Research into Policy to Enhance Physical Activity, which aimed to improve evidence-informed policy-making using the field of physical activity as the case study. Our results show the persistence of the traditional linear model and how it coexists with subsequent models in the same individual visions.

In the last years the debate on competences and their role in the development of a more inclusive societies and in promoting innovation processes has become increasingly crucial at European level. The European Commission identified 8 key competences (basic and transversal competences and soft skills) that have to be attained by all citizens during their learning process. Also employers require from their employees more and more these kind of skills, and this is true also in the scientific education and research context. Indeed “Communication, working with others, problem solving and other similar abilities are considered very important requisites for a recently graduated student by a large section of the research laboratories responsible.” Nevertheless, European school curricula bestow little attention to transversal competences and soft skills. In this framework DESCI1 project, funded by Erasmus + Program, aims to develop a methodological pattern for alternating training in secondary school systems, adopting participatory design methodologies based on a Living Lab environment, to improve the connection between school, research, enterprise and territory and to promote the development of soft and transversal skills in students, needed to allow them to foster the innovation process, to increase their employability, express themselves, acting consciously in the system and driving the innovation and social inclusion in their communities. The DESCI approach undergoes to a continuous and participated evaluation process, under RRI principles, meant in order to explore, in a process of co-creation of knowledge, the ongoing results of the project. The evaluation outputs emerged at this stage of the project confirm that, in the learning AT process, the DESCI approach promote the increase of transversal competences and soft skills in the students, mainly referring to those included in the 8 key competences identified by the EU Commission.