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Introduction and purpose Toxoplasmosis, a prevalent parasitic infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii, impacts approximately one-third of the global population. Among congenital infections, Congenital Toxoplasmosis (CT) ranks second only to CMV infection in neonates. The severity of fetal and neonatal clinical manifestations depends on factors such as gestational age during infection, parasite load, infectious strain virulence, and maternal immune status. The organogenesis stage in the second trimester is identified as the critical period (10th-24th gestational weeks). Fetal CT may present with ultrasound-detected abnormalities, including intracranial calcifications, microcephaly, hydrocephalus, ascites, hepatosplenomegaly or severe intrauterine growth restriction. Even in the absence of symptoms at birth, CT can lead to long-term consequences such as hydrocephalus, seizures, and cognitive, auditory, and visual impairments. The aim of this study is to present a clinical case of a patient with CT infection complicated by treatment-resistant hydrocephalus and neurological symptoms, including muscle tone disturbances and seizures. Conclusion The significance of screening tests cannot be overstated, as early intervention is crucial to prevent enduring complications. Routine counseling for pregnant women is imperative to raise awareness about Toxoplasma gondii infection, empowering them to adopt necessary preventive measures. Additionally, further research is warranted to assess the efficacy of diverse treatment protocols, the risk of adverse effects, and the effectiveness of emerging therapeutic agents.

Introduction and purpose Congenital Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection stands as the prevalent infection among newborns and it may be associated with later complications such as progressive sensorineural hearing loss or neurological diseases. Infection occurs during pregnancy or during childbirth. Congenital CMV infections manifest in various ways, ranging from asymptomatic cases to severe complications such as microcephaly, hepatosplenomegaly, and chorioretinitis. Routine antibody screenings for pregnant women are not common, underlining the significance of early infection detection to minimize the risks of transmission to the fetus and potential complications in the child. The aim of this case report is to present the course of congenital CMV infection and its complication. This case report explores the challenges of managing an infant with congenital CMV infection complicated by hydrocephalus and viral co-infections. The infant underwent various treatments, including antiviral therapy, highlighting the need for multidisciplinary approaches. Conclusion With no available vaccine, prevention of congenital CMV infection relies on educating reproductive-age women and expectant mothers about infection risks. Early detection, frequent medical check-ups, and preventive education are crucial due to the absence of vaccines. Ongoing exploration of antiviral treatments and prompt interventions is imperative to improve outcomes for infants and families affected by the virus.