Search

Resumo Fundamento: A classificação da insuficiência cardíaca (IC) por fenótipos possui grande relevância na prática clínica. Objetivo: O estudo visou analisar a prevalência, as características clínicas e os desfechos entre os fenótipos de IC no contexto da atenção primária. Métodos: Trata-se de uma análise de um estudo de coorte que incluiu 560 indivíduos, com idade ≥ 45 anos, que foram selecionados aleatoriamente em um programa de atenção primária. Todos os participantes foram submetidos a avaliações clínicas, dosagem do peptídeo natriurético tipo B (BNP), eletrocardiograma e ecocardiografia em um único dia. A IC com fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE) < 40% foi classificado como IC com fração de ejeção reduzida (ICFEr), FEVE de 40% a 49% como IC com fração de ejeção intermediária (ICFEi) e FEVE ≥ 50% como IC com fração de ejeção preservada (ICFEp). Após 5 anos, os pacientes foram reavaliados quanto à ocorrência do desfecho composto de óbito por qualquer causa ou internação por doença cardiovascular. Resultados: Dos 560 pacientes incluídos, 51 pacientes tinham IC (9,1%), 11 dos quais tinham ICFEr (21,6%), 10 tinham ICFEi (19,6%) e 30 tinham ICFEp (58,8%). A ICFEi foi semelhante à ICFEp nos níveis de BNP (p < 0,001), índice de massa do ventrículo esquerdo (p = 0,037) e índice de volume do átrio esquerdo (p < 0,001). O fenótipo de ICFEi foi semelhante ao de ICFEr em relação à doença arterial coronariana (p = 0,009). Após 5 anos, os pacientes com ICFEi apresentaram melhor prognóstico quando comparados aos pacientes com ICFEp e ICFEr (p < 0,001). Conclusão: A prevalência de ICFEI foi semelhante ao observado em estudos anteriores. A ICFEI apresentou características semelhantes a ICFEP neste estudo. Nossos dados mostram que a ICFEi teve melhor prognóstico em comparação com os outros dois fenótipos. Abstract Background: The classification of heart failure (HF) by phenotypes has a great relevance in clinical practice. Objective: The study aimed to analyze the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and outcomes between HF phenotypes in the primary care setting. Methods: This is an analysis of a cohort study including 560 individuals, aged ≥ 45 years, who were randomly selected in a primary care program. All participants underwent clinical evaluations, b-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) measurements, electrocardiogram, and echocardiography in a single day. HF with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 40% was classified as HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), LVEF 40% to 49% as HF with mid-range ejection fraction (HFmrEF) and LVEF ≥ 50% as HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). After 5 years, the patients were reassessed as to the occurrence of the composite outcome of death from any cause or hospitalization for cardiovascular disease. Results: Of the 560 patients included, 51 patients had HF (9.1%), 11 of whom had HFrEF (21.6%), 10 had HFmrEF (19.6%) and 30 had HFpEF (58.8%). HFmrEF was similar to HFpEF in BNP levels (p < 0.001), left ventricular mass index (p = 0.037), and left atrial volume index (p < 0.001). The HFmrEF phenotype was similar to HFrEF regarding coronary artery disease (p = 0.009). After 5 years, patients with HFmrEF had a better prognosis when compared to patients with HFpEF and HFrEF (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The prevalence of ICFEI was similar to that observed in previous studies. ICFEI presented characteristics similar to ICFEP in this study. Our data show that ICFEi had a better prognosis compared to the other two phenotypes.

Background: Primary care physicians have difficulty dealing with patients who have HF with preserved LVEF(HFpEF). The prognosis of HFpEF is poor, and difficult to predict on primary care. Objective: The aim of the study is to apply the H2FPEF score to primary care patients and verify its power to assess the risk of death or hospitalization due to cardiovascular disease. Methods: This longitudinal study included 402 individuals, with signs or symptoms of HF, aged≥45 years and, underwent an evaluation which included clinical examination, BNP and echocardiogram. The diagnosis of HFpEF was confirmed by the criteria of the European Society of Cardiology. After five years, the patients were reassessed as to the occurrence of the composite outcome, death from any cause or hospitalization for cardiovascular disease. H2FPEF used six variables: body mass index, medications for hypertension, age, pulmonary artery systolic pressure, atrial fibrillation and E/e' ratio ranged from 0 to 9 points. The level of statistical significance was p

Background There is no consensus on the cutoff value of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) to rule in or rule out the diagnosis of heart failure (HF) in the community. For instance, the ESC guidelines propose a cutoff of 35 pg/mL and the Canadian Guidelines propose 50 pg/mL. Objectives To evaluate the performance of several BNP cutoffs to rule in or rule out the diagnosis of HF in the community. Methods A total of 633 randomly selected individuals, aged 45 to 99 years, of both sexes, enrolled in a primary care program in several regions of a medium-sized city with 487,562 inhabitants were evaluated. A cross-sectional study, in which one-day clinical data collection, laboratory tests, BNP tests and tissue Doppler echocardiogram (TDE) were performed. The final diagnosis of HF was adjudicated by two independent cardiologists. Sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), negative predictive value (NPV) and positive predictive value (PPV) were evaluated for different BNP cutoffs. A ROC curve was used to determine the best cutoff value. Results The mean age was 59.6±10.4 years and 62% were women. The incidence for ACC/AHA HF stages Zero, A, B, C and D were, respectively, 11.8%, 36.3%, 42.6%, 9.3% and 0%. There was a predominance of HF with preserved versus reduced ejection fraction (59% vs 41%). For the identification of the 59 patients with symptomatic HF, the cutoff of 35pg/mL presented SEN 98%, SPE 87%, NPV 100% and PPV 44%. For cutoff of 50pg/mL these values were SEN 78%, SPE 94%, NPV 98% and PPV 58%. The best combination of SEN and SPE was with a cutoff of 42pg/mL (SEN 92% and SPE 91%). Only one patient with HF had BNP Conclusions The cutoff with higher specificity to rule in the diagnosis of HF was 50pg/mL. However, with this cutoff an expressive number of patients with HF would have been missed. For screening purpose in the community, the best cutoff to rule out HF was 35pg/mL, as proposed in the ESC guidelines

Background: The study is based on the fact that left atrial (LA) volume measurement is a marker of the presence of diastolic dysfunction and that Vitamin D deficiency may be associated with ventricular remodeling, worsening of left ventricular (LV) diastolic and systolic function, and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Objective: To evaluate whether LAV changes are related to vitamin D deficiency. Method: A cross-sectional, population-based, unicentric study in which 640 patients over 45 years of age enrolled in the Niteroi’s [...]

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic progressive disorder with high mortality and morbidity rate, associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD), especially heart failure (HF). The pathophysiological changes related to OSA can directly affect the diastolic function of the left ventricle. Objectives: To assess the association of the risk of OSA, evaluated by the Berlin Questionnaire (BQ), and echocardiographic (ECHO) parameters related to diastolic dysfunction in individuals without HF assisted in primary care. Methods: A cross-sectional study that included 354 individuals (51% women) aged 45 years or older. All individuals selected were submitted to an evaluation that included the following procedures: consultation, filling out the BQ, clinical examination, laboratory examination and transthoracic Doppler echocardiography (TDE). Continuous data are presented as medians and interquartile intervals, and categoric variables in absolute and relative frequencies. The variables associated with risk of OSA and at the 0.05 level integrated the gamma regression models with a log link function. A value of p < 0.05 was considered an indicator of statistical significance. Exclusion criteria were presence of HF, to fill out the BQ and patients with hypertension and obesity not classified as high risk for OSA by other criteria. All individuals were evaluated on a single day with the following procedures: medical appointment, BQ, laboratory tests and ECHO. Results: Of the 354 individuals assessed, 63% were classified as having high risk for OSA. The patients with high risk for OSA present significantly abnormal diastolic function parameters. High risk for OSA confirmed positive and statistically significant association, after adjustments, with indicators of diastolic function, such as indexed left atrium volume LAV-i (p = 0.02); E’/A’ (p < 0.01), A (p = 0.02), E/A (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Our data show that patients at high risk for OSA present worsened diastolic function parameters measured by TDE. Resumo Fundamento: A apneia obstrutiva do sono (AOS) é um transtorno crônico, progressivo, com alta morbimortalidade e associado às doenças cardiovasculares (DCV), entre elas a insuficiência cardíaca (IC). As alterações fisiopatológicas relacionadas com a AOS podem impactar diretamente a função diastólica do ventrículo esquerdo. Objetivo: Estimar a associação entre risco de AOS, avaliada pelo Questionário de Berlim (QB), e parâmetros do ecocardiograma, relacionados com a função diastólica, em indivíduos sem IC na atenção primária. Métodos: Estudo transversal que incluiu 354 indivíduos (51% mulheres) com idade igual ou superior a 45 anos. Todos os indivíduos selecionados foram submetidos a uma avaliação que constou dos seguintes procedimentos: consulta, preenchimento do QB e exame clínico, realização de exames laboratoriais e ecocardiograma Doppler transtorácico (EDT). Os dados contínuos são apresentados em medianas e intervalos interquartílicos e os categóricos em frequências absolutas e relativas. As variáveis que apresentaram associação ao risco de AOS em nível de 0,05 integraram os modelos de regressão gama com função de ligação log link. Análise bruta: Um valor de p < 0,05 foi considerado como indicador de significância estatística. Resultados: Dos 354 indivíduos analisados, 63% foram classificados como tendo alto risco para AOS. Os pacientes com alto risco para AOS apresentam alterações significativas dos parâmetros que avaliam a função diastólica. Alto risco para AOS confirmou sua associação positiva e estatisticamente significativa, após ajuste, a indicadores de disfunção diastólica - VAE-i (p = 0,02); E’/A’ (p < 0,01); A (p = 0,02); E/A (p < 0,01). Conclusão: Nossos dados mostram que pacientes com alto risco de AOS apresentam piora dos parâmetros de função diastólica medidos pelo EDT.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a chronic, progressive disease with high morbidity and mortality. It is underdiagnosed, especially among women. Objective: To study the prevalence of high risk for OSAS globally and for the Berlin Questionnaire (BQ) categories, and to evaluate the reliability of the BQ use in the population studied. Methods: Observational, cross-sectional study with individuals from the Niterói Family Doctor Program, randomly selected, aged between 45 and 99 years. The visits occurred between August/2011 and December/2012. Variables associated with each BQ category and with high risk for OSAS (global) were included in logistic regression models (p < 0.05). Results: Of the total (616), 403 individuals (65.4%) reported snoring. The prevalence of high risk for OSA was 42.4%, being 49.7% for category I, 10.2% for category II and 77.6% for category III. Conclusion: BQ showed an acceptable reliability after excluding the questions Has anyone noticed that you stop breathing during your sleep? and Have you ever dozed off or fallen asleep while driving?. This should be tested in further studies with samples mostly comprised of women and low educational level individuals. Given the burden of OSAS-related diseases and risks, studies should be conducted to validate new tools and to adapt BQ to better screen OSAS. Resumo Fundamento: A síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sono (SAOS) é uma doença crônica, progressiva, com alta morbimortalidade. Encontra-se subdiagnosticada, principalmente entre mulheres. Objetivo: Estudar a prevalência de alto risco para SAOS globalmente e para as categorias do Questionário de Berlim (QB), e avaliar a confiabilidade do uso do QB na população estudada. Métodos: Estudo observacional, transversal de indivíduos cadastrados no Programa Médico de Família de Niterói, selecionados aleatoriamente, com idade entre 45 e 99 anos, com coleta entre agosto/2011 e dezembro/2012. Variáveis associadas com cada uma das categorias do QB e com o alto risco para SAOS (global) (valor p