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In developing countries, people often resort to advanced strategies for the treatment of their hernia. The aim of this study was to report our experience in the management of groin hernias using advanced strategies in rural Cameroon. This was an observational, descriptive study with prospective recruitment of patients during surgical campaigns in villages in the 10 regions of Cameroon. The parameters studied were: age, sex, indication, technique, postoperative morbidity and mortality. Among the 2,628 patients included, 2,207 (84%) were men, 1,929 (73.4%) were farmers and the average age was 45 years (range 16 to 76 years). Symptoms had been evolving for more than 12 months in 1,863 patients (70.9%). The hernia was unilateral inguinal in 2,351 cases (89.5%). Bilateral forms represented 184 cases (7%). Suturing techniques were the most practiced, in 2,493 cases(88.7%). These were the Shouldice (86.3%) and Mac Vay (2.3%) techniques. The Lichtenstein and Plug techniques were used in 3.8% and 7.6% of cases respectively. The sterilized mosquito net prosthesis was the prosthesis used in 61.4% of cases. Postoperative morbidity was 15.8% and mortality was nil. Suturing techniques are the most used in groin hernias in rural Cameroon. Postoperative results are good [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Molybdenum-based materials have been intensively investigated for high-performance gas sensor applications. Particularly, molybdenum oxides and dichalcogenides nanostructures have been widely examined due to their tunable structural and physicochemical properties that meet sensor requirements. These materials have good durability, are naturally abundant, low cost, and have facile preparation, allowing scalable fabrication to fulfill the growing demand of susceptible sensor devices. Significant advances have been made in recent decades to design and fabricate various molybdenum oxides- and dichalcogenides-based sensing materials, though it is still challenging to achieve high performances. Therefore, many experimental and theoretical investigations have been devoted to exploring suitable approaches which can significantly enhance their gas sensing properties. This review comprehensively examines recent advanced strategies to improve the nanostructured molybdenum-based material performance for detecting harmful pollutants, dangerous gases, or even exhaled breath monitoring. The summary and future challenges to advance their gas sensing performances will also be presented.

Highlights: Various advanced strategies for improving gas sensing performances of molybdenum-based nanostructures are reviewed. The plausible mechanism of enhanced gas sensing properties from each strategy is discussed. The conclusive outlook, challenge, and suggestions for future development toward marked commercialization of molybdenum-based gas sensing devices are provided.Molybdenum-based materials have been intensively investigated for high-performance gas sensor applications. Particularly, molybdenum oxides and dichalcogenides nanostructures have been widely examined due to their tunable structural and physicochemical properties that meet sensor requirements. These materials have good durability, are naturally abundant, low cost, and have facile preparation, allowing scalable fabrication to fulfill the growing demand of susceptible sensor devices. Significant advances have been made in recent decades to design and fabricate various molybdenum oxides- and dichalcogenides-based sensing materials, though it is still challenging to achieve high performances. Therefore, many experimental and theoretical investigations have been devoted to exploring suitable approaches which can significantly enhance their gas sensing properties. This review comprehensively examines recent advanced strategies to improve the nanostructured molybdenum-based material performance for detecting harmful pollutants, dangerous gases, or even exhaled breath monitoring. The summary and future challenges to advance their gas sensing performances will also be presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]