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Social media platforms mediate and regulate how influencers engage in monetisation practices. In this social-legal paper we examine one form of monetisation, influencer marketing, to understand how platform policies and interfaces shape commercial content for influencers. We situate our inquiry of governance by platforms within the governance of platforms, by focusing on the legal obligation to disclose commercial content under European consumer law. Combining an analysis of platform documentation for Instagram, TikTok, Snap, and YouTube, with insights from a walkthrough of each platform, we present five findings. First, we explore the terminology used by platforms to refer to influencers. Second, we outline how platforms frame commercial content and situate business models of influencer marketing. Third, we analyse how platforms present the duty to disclose commercial content and assign responsibility for compliance. Fourth, we examine how platforms facilitate disclosure through their in-app tools. Finally, we look at the articulation regarding the moderation of undisclosed commercial content by platforms. Our analysis unveils tensions between the law (governance of platforms) and what platforms do (governance by platforms). Overall, as platforms hold significant power in shaping monetisation practices, we argue that enforcing influencers’ disclosure practices must be contextualised within the dynamics of platform governance.

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Copyright of Food & Machinery is the property of Food & Machinery Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Chilena de Derecho is the property of Revista Chilena de Derecho and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article reviews the role played by social networks and internet search engines in the electoral campaign. Current regulations and the regulations that should exist have are analyzed. The method used is largely descriptive-analytical, which allows certain proposals to be made, especially at the end. It describes Ecuador’s legal and communicational reality regarding this issue as contrasted with other countries such as the United States, France, India and Australia. The case of Google and of the social networks—facebook, twitter, youtube and whatsapp—and their influence on the creation of trends and “conviction bubbles” is examined in greater depth. The six conclusions indicate how the old legislation created to regulate the use of traditional social communication in the electoral campaign is not applicable—and is even excluded in Ecuador, according to a Constitutional Court ruling—for digital media or media platforms. Even so, the general principles of the right to information must always be used.

This work contains a review of the work "Organic Communication Law commented" by Dr. Juan Carlos Riofrío Martínez-Villalba, as well as a brief comment on the profound reforms made to this law made in February 2019. Some lights and shadows of this reform are shown here, following the author's commentaries. It is also explained here how this work is part of the Ecuadorian Digest collection, that the Corporación de Estudios y Publicaciones (CEP), with the University of the Hemispheres, are taking forward. In the first part we talk about the author and about the opportunity of the work. Then, in Part II we discuss the aims of the reform. Finally, in Part III we include some conclusions that help us assess the reform and the commented work. Although what has been done to reconquer freedom of expression is very positive, following the author comments, we miss the disappearance of the principles of communication, which today only remain as doctrinal standards in our environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the global economy, it is not only important to provide a service or product but also to attract the interest of clients. In order to appeal to clients, the creators undertake actions that can be looked at through the aspect of legal and ethical standards. The authors tackle this problem and attempt to acquaint the reader with the requirements related to these issues in Poland. They provide examples of a variety of legal and normative ethical documents. Same comments related to cigarette and alcohol advertisements can also be found here, as well as generał observations about the quality of advertising.

Copyright of Journal of Judgments by the Court of Jurisdictional Disputes / Uyusmazlik Mahkemesi Dergisi is the property of Court of Jurisdictional Disputes of the Republic of Turkey and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article contains analysis of normative-legal base of Russian advertisingcompanies business. Also the problem of absence the legal system is consecrated.The author mentioned comparative characteristics of advertising legal system ofdifferent years.

Although there are restrictions and various sanctions imposed on advertisers, advertising agencies, and broadcasting organizations in order to protect consumers, deceptive practices are used intensively. Legal supervision in Turkey is not efficient enough to prevent or at least reduce this use. For this reason, there is a need to develop new approaches and methods for controlling advertising. For this purpose, in this study, current legal practices are examined, and the reasons for their insufficiency and ineffectiveness within the scope of consumer protection are discussed from a critical point of view. As a result, a novel content-oriented approach, which is not based on changes in consumers' behavior and/or perception, is proposed in order to contribute to solve the problem of advertising control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Product placement law regulation has significantly changed the use of it in Slovakia in the past decade. A specific questionnaire concerning companies using several advertising channels and based on its results, the current status of the usage of product placement, advertising law comparison from 2007 and 2017, and analysis of other legislative materials, this article was made. According to this questionnaire, we were able to point out how has the usage of product placement changed. Law changes have changed the way product placement can be used in everyday life, therefore some recommendations for active product placement users were made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective · To compare the prevalence of tobacco advertisement before and after implementation of the new edition of Advertising Law of the People's Republic of China and evaluate the effects of implementation of the new Advertising Law. Methods · Tobacco sales places, public places, and streets in Shanghai were randomly selected to observe tobacco advertisement and complete the survey. The survey was carried out in 10 districts of Shanghai in June 2015 with 10 tobacco sales places selected in each district, and in 4 districts of Shanghai in June 2016 with 25 tobacco sales places selected in each district. Sales places included convenient stores, tobacco stores, supermarkets, and kiosks. In addition, public transport waiting points, public transport vehicles, hospitals, shopping centers, restaurants, bars, and Internet cafes were selected into survey in 2016. Results · In 2016, the proportion of tobacco sales places having tobacco advertisement was lower than that in 2015, but the proportion of tobacco promotion behaviors was higher. In 2016, 128 public places and streets were investigated and only 1 had outdoor tobacco advertisement. Conclusion · The new edition of Advertising Law has significant effect on controlling tobacco advertisement, but tobacco sales places still have tobacco advertisement with various disguised promotion forms. Tobacco sales places have diversified business styles and minors often enter these places. It is recommended that a clear definition of disguised forms of tobacco advertisement should be made, tobacco advertisement at tobacco sales places needs to be supervised, the release of tobacco advertisement should be strictly reviewed, and existing tobacco advertisement should be severely punished, so as to prevent minors from exposing to tobacco advertisement and information luring smoking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Capital Institute of Physical Education is the property of Shoudu Tiyu Xueyuan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)