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We use magnetic-field-dependent features in the photoluminescence of negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy centers to measure magnetic fields without the use of microwaves. In particular, we present a magnetometer based on the level anti-crossing in the triplet ground state at 102.4 mT with a demonstrated noise floor of 6 nT/ Hz, limited by the intensity noise of the laser and the performance of the background-field power supply. The technique presented here can be useful in applications where the sensor is placed close to conductive materials, e.g., magnetic induction tomography or magnetic field mapping, and in remote-sensing applications since principally no electrical access is needed.

Summary: Background: In reported systematic reviews and meta‐analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing treatments for psoriasis, the proportion of serious adverse events (SAEs) did not differ between treatments and placebo. Including cases of psoriasis worsening as SAEs may explain the lack of difference. Objectives: This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to explore this possibility. Methods: Among the 140 RCTs included in the Living Network Cochrane Review (last search on 8 May 2019), we selected those comparing a biologic treatment against placebo. The primary outcome was the numbers of SAEs in the treatment and placebo arms after excluding cases of psoriasis worsening. Secondary outcomes were the number of adverse events (AEs) of special interest. The trial was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42019124495). Results: We analysed 51 RCTs. Of these, 21 included at least one anti‐tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α arm, 15 one anti‐interleukin (IL)‐17 arm, 11 one anti‐IL‐23 arm and nine one anti‐IL‐12/23 arm. With cases of psoriasis worsening included, the risk of occurrence of SAEs between biologic treatments and placebo did not differ: risk ratio (RR) 1·09, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·88–1·36. After excluding cases of psoriasis worsening, the RR became significant (RR 1·30, 95% CI 1·02–1·65). By drug class, the RRs were for anti‐TNF‐α, 1·68 (95% CI 1·11–2·54; no missing data); anti‐IL‐17, 1·28 (95% CI 0·88–1·85; no missing data); anti‐IL‐23, 0·95 (95% CI 0·59–1·52; no missing data) and anti‐IL‐12/23, 1·18 (95% CI 0·72–1·94; no missing data). We were unable to examine potential differences in AEs of special interest between biologic treatments and placebo arms because of the small number of events. Conclusions: On excluding cases of worsening psoriasis, the risk of occurrence of SAEs is higher in the biologic than in the placebo arm. Given the rare events, we could not highlight whether this higher risk of SAEs was related to AEs of special interest. Reporting of SAEs in clinical trials has to be changed to provide more transparency through the separate reporting of disease flares leading to hospital admission and other SAEs. What is already known about this topic? Systematic reviews and meta‐analyses assessing the safety of biologic treatments for plaque‐type psoriasis in randomized controlled trials concluded that the proportion of serious adverse events (SAEs) was not significantly different between biologic and placebo groups. What does this study add?On excluding cases of worsening psoriasis, the risk of occurrence of SAEs is higher in the biologic group than in the placebo group, especially for anti‐tumour necrosis factor‐α treatments.Given the rare events, we could not highlight whether this higher risk of SAEs was related to adverse events of special interest. Linked Comment: Dávila?Seijo. Br J Dermatol 2021; 184:385. Plain language summary available online [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An analytic solution to the magnetostatic inverse problem in the framework of vector spherical harmonic basis functions is presented. This formalism is used for the design of a spherical magnetic field compensation system and its performance is compared with an already existing rectangular coil system. The proposed set of spherical coils with 15 degrees of freedom achieves a shielding factor of 1000 or better in a large part of the volume enclosed by the coils for a dipolar type external perturbation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report on the measurement of a Larmor frequency shift proportional to the electric-field strength for Hg atoms contained in a volume permeated with aligned magnetic and electric fields. This shift arises from the interplay between the inevitable magnetic field gradients and the motional magnetic field. The proportionality to electric-field strength makes it apparently similar to an electric dipole moment (EDM) signal, although unlike an EDM this effect is P- and T-conserving. We have used a neutron magnetic resonance EDM spectrometer, featuring a mercury co-magnetometer and an array of external cesium magnetometers, to measure the shift as a function of the applied magnetic field gradient. Our results are in good agreement with theoretical expectations. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mycosis fungoides (MF) has usually an indolent course. However, some patients develop a more aggressive disease and few prognostic parameters have been identified. Isolated cases of pustular MF (pMF) suggest an unfavourable prognosis., Objectives: We aim to describe the clinico-pathological characteristics and prognostic value of pMF., Methods: We retrospectively collected data of all cases of MF with histological pustules diagnosed from 2009 to 2020. The outcomes and clinico-pathological characteristics of pMF at diagnosis (pMFD) were compared to those of a cohort of non-pustular MF (NpMF)., Results: 33 pMF (including 22 pMFD) and 86 NpMF cases were included. The median age at diagnosis of pMF was 61 years [IQR=50-75]. The median follow-up of pMFD was 32 months [IQR=14-49]. Clinically, 33% of pMF had pustules. Large-cell transformation (LCT) occurred in 17 cases. pMFD were at a significantly more advanced-stage and more showed LCT at diagnosis than NpMF (50% vs 7%, p<0.001 and 23% vs 0%, p<0.001, respectively). In multivariate Cox analysis, the presence of histological pustule at diagnostic was associated with shorter OS in all patients (HR=13.90, CI95%[2.43-79]; p=0.003), and in early-stage patients (HR=11.09, CI95%[1.56-78.82]; p=0.02). In multivariate Fine and Gray model analysis, pMFD was associated with a higher cumulative incidence of LCT (SHR=13.90, CI95% [2.43-79]; p=0.003) in all patients. Median OS after the occurrence of histological pustules during follow-up of all pMF patients was 37 months, with a five-year OS of 25% (CI95% [0.06-0.5])., Conclusion: pMF often follows an aggressive course, with a high risk of LCT and shorter survival, even for early-stage patients. Histological pustules at diagnostic of MF might represent an independent poor prognostic factor, to be confirmed by further studies. Because pustules are not always clinically identified, histological pustules should be mentioned in pathology reports of MF and prompt discussion of a closer follow-up., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of British Association of Dermatologists. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Objectives: To explore the association between industry funding and network meta-analyses' (NMAs) conclusion, and the use in Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) of NMAs., Study Design and Setting: This was an overview of NMAs and CPGs. We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Epistemonikos, and several guideline databases up to February 18th 2023. We included CPGs from the last 5 years and NMAs of randomized controlled trials that evaluated targeted therapies in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Data extraction and outcome assessments were done in duplicate by independent authors., Results: We included 216 NMAs and 99 CPGs. 31% (67/216) were industry-funded. The proportion of industry-funded NMAs that cited one treatment as being best was 44% (25/57) compared to 26% (30/116) for nonindustry-funded (OR = 2.24 [1.15-4.39]; aOR = 1.76 [0.81-3.81]). The abstract's conclusion of 39/67 (58%) industry-funded and 69/149 (46%) nonindustry-funded NMAs were considered unsupported by the results (OR = 1.61 [0.90-2.89]; aOR = 1.40 [0.71-2.78]). All industry-funded NMAs that cited one treatment as best cited their own sponsored drug. 59/99 (60%) CPGs included at least one NMA, with 23/59 (39%) of them citing industry-funded NMAs., Conclusions: We did not find evidence that industry-funded NMAs were more likely to have unsupported conclusions or to cite only one treatment as being best in their conclusions compared to non-industry-funded NMAs. However, almost all industry-funded NMAs favored their own treatments. Even though 40% of the CPGs did not rely on NMA, over a third of those who did used industry-funded NMAs. Limitations include the possible misclassification due to undisclosed funding and potential confounders that have not been accounted for., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest Robin Guelimi reports financial support was provided by Public Assistance Hospitals Paris. and the Association for Interdisciplinary Meta-Research and Open Science. LLC, ES, and SA are co-authors of this work and authors of several studies that are included in the submitted overview. L.L.C., E.S., and S.A. are authors of several studies that are included in this overview. L.L.C. took part in the selection process, but none of them were involved in the extraction of data or in the assessment of the quality of a work they took a part in. L.L.C. and E.S. received a grant from the French Ministry of Health (PHRC-N AOM22145). L.L.C. is the co-ordinating editor of the Cochrane Skin. F.N. received funding from the French National Research Agency (ANR-17-CE36-0010), the French ministry of health and the French ministry of research. He is a work package leader in the OSIRIS project (Open Science to Increase Reproducibility in Science). The OSIRIS project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under the grant agreement No. 101094725. He is a work package leader for the doctoral network MSCA-DN SHARE-CTD (HORIZON-MSCA-2022-DN-01 101120360) funded by the EU. YZZN received a grant from the NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre (NIHR203308). R.G., A.M., T.B., and G.P. had no conflict of interest to declare. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Systematic reviews are performed manually despite the exponential growth of scientific literature., Objective: To investigate the sensitivity and specificity of GPT-3.5 Turbo, from OpenAI, as a single reviewer, for title and abstract screening in systematic reviews., Design: Diagnostic test accuracy study., Setting: Unannotated bibliographic databases from 5 systematic reviews representing 22 665 citations., Participants: None., Measurements: A generic prompt framework to instruct GPT to perform title and abstract screening was designed. The output of the model was compared with decisions from authors under 2 rules. The first rule balanced sensitivity and specificity, for example, to act as a second reviewer. The second rule optimized sensitivity, for example, to reduce the number of citations to be manually screened., Results: Under the balanced rule, sensitivities ranged from 81.1% to 96.5% and specificities ranged from 25.8% to 80.4%. Across all reviews, GPT identified 7 of 708 citations (1%) missed by humans that should have been included after full-text screening at the cost of 10 279 of 22 665 false-positive recommendations (45.3%) that would require reconciliation during the screening process. Under the sensitive rule, sensitivities ranged from 94.6% to 99.8% and specificities ranged from 2.2% to 46.6%. Limiting manual screening to citations not ruled out by GPT could reduce the number of citations to screen from 127 of 6334 (2%) to 1851 of 4077 (45.4%), at the cost of missing from 0 to 1 of 26 citations (3.8%) at the full-text level., Limitations: Time needed to fine-tune prompt. Retrospective nature of the study, convenient sample of 5 systematic reviews, and GPT performance sensitive to prompt development and time., Conclusion: The GPT-3.5 Turbo model may be used as a second reviewer for title and abstract screening, at the cost of additional work to reconcile added false positives. It also showed potential to reduce the number of citations before screening by humans, at the cost of missing some citations at the full-text level., Primary Funding Source: None., Competing Interests: Disclosures: Disclosures can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=M23-3389.

Objectives: Incomplete reporting of safety outcomes in quality and availability of safety reporting in published articles of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were described in different medical areas. The number of RCTs assessing systemic treatments for psoriasis has increased considerably. Complete and precise reporting of safety is mandatory for the efficacy/harms balance evaluation. We aimed to assess the quality and availability of safety reporting in published RCTs assessing systemic treatments for psoriasis, as well as the concordance of data between published trials and ClinicalTrials.gov (CT)., Study Design and Setting: We included all RCTs in adults initiated after September 2009, assessing systemic psoriasis treatments compared with placebo or with an active comparator. All trials were selected in duplicate by 2 independent authors from the latest search of the dedicated Cochrane review. We described quality of safety reporting for all published RCTs, using a modified Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials harms scale by using descriptive analysis, and a composite score of 3 key items of safety report. For each RCT, data on adverse events (AEs)/serious AEs (SAEs) were extracted from the publication and CT: total number of AEs/SAEs, patients with AEs/SAEs, SAEs by system organ class classification and deaths. These data were compared between sources for each RCT., Results: In total, 128 trials were included in the analysis of reporting quality, and 76 in the analysis of data concordance between sources. The median number of reported Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials harms items per article was 9 out of 18 (IQR 7-10), and mean number was 8.39 (SD = 3.02). Items in the methods section were the least frequently reported. The proportion of RCTs reporting the number of SAEs and death were significantly higher on CT than in the published article ((100% (76/76) vs 88.2%, McNemar test, P < .0016). At least 1 discrepancy between sources for SAE safety data was found in 30/76 (39.5%) RCTs., Conclusion: Shortcomings and gaps in the quality of safety reporting in publications of RCTs of systemic psoriasis treatments have been identified. A lack of data in published articles and discrepancies between published articles and CT data complete this finding., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest There are no competing interests for any author., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Psoriasis is an immune-mediated disease with either skin or joints manifestations, or both, and it has a major impact on quality of life. Although there is currently no cure for psoriasis, various treatment strategies allow sustained control of disease signs and symptoms. The relative benefit of these treatments remains unclear due to the limited number of trials comparing them directly head-to-head, which is why we chose to conduct a network meta-analysis., Objectives: To compare the benefits and harms of non-biological systemic agents, small molecules, and biologics for people with moderate-to-severe psoriasis using a network meta-analysis, and to provide a ranking of these treatments according to their benefits and harms., Search Methods: For this update of the living systematic review, we updated our searches of the following databases monthly to October 2022: the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, and Embase., Selection Criteria: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of systemic treatments in adults over 18 years with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis, at any stage of treatment, compared to placebo or another active agent. The primary outcomes were: proportion of participants who achieved clear or almost clear skin, that is, at least Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) 90; proportion of participants with serious adverse events (SAEs) at induction phase (8 to 24 weeks after randomisation)., Data Collection and Analysis: We conducted duplicate study selection, data extraction, risk of bias assessment, and analyses. We synthesised data using pairwise and network meta-analysis (NMA) to compare treatments and rank them according to effectiveness (PASI 90 score) and acceptability (inverse of SAEs). We assessed the certainty of NMA evidence for the two primary outcomes and all comparisons using CINeMA, as very low, low, moderate, or high. We contacted study authors when data were unclear or missing. We used the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) to infer treatment hierarchy, from 0% (worst for effectiveness or safety) to 100% (best for effectiveness or safety)., Main Results: This update includes an additional 12 studies, taking the total number of included studies to 179, and randomised participants to 62,339, 67.1% men, mainly recruited from hospitals. Average age was 44.6 years, mean PASI score at baseline was 20.4 (range: 9.5 to 39). Most studies were placebo-controlled (56%). We assessed a total of 20 treatments. Most (152) trials were multicentric (two to 231 centres). One-third of the studies (65/179) had high risk of bias, 24 unclear risk, and most (90) low risk. Most studies (138/179) declared funding by a pharmaceutical company, and 24 studies did not report a funding source. Network meta-analysis at class level showed that all interventions (non-biological systemic agents, small molecules, and biological treatments) showed a higher proportion of patients reaching PASI 90 than placebo. Anti-IL17 treatment showed a higher proportion of patients reaching PASI 90 compared to all the interventions. Biologic treatments anti-IL17, anti-IL12/23, anti-IL23, and anti-TNF alpha showed a higher proportion of patients reaching PASI 90 than the non-biological systemic agents. For reaching PASI 90, the most effective drugs when compared to placebo were (SUCRA rank order, all high-certainty evidence): infliximab (risk ratio (RR) 49.16, 95% CI 20.49 to 117.95), bimekizumab (RR 27.86, 95% CI 23.56 to 32.94), ixekizumab (RR 27.35, 95% CI 23.15 to 32.29), risankizumab (RR 26.16, 95% CI 22.03 to 31.07). Clinical effectiveness of these drugs was similar when compared against each other. Bimekizumab and ixekizumab were significantly more likely to reach PASI 90 than secukinumab. Bimekizumab, ixekizumab, and risankizumab were significantly more likely to reach PASI 90 than brodalumab and guselkumab. Infliximab, anti-IL17 drugs (bimekizumab, ixekizumab, secukinumab, and brodalumab), and anti-IL23 drugs except tildrakizumab were significantly more likely to reach PASI 90 than ustekinumab, three anti-TNF alpha agents, and deucravacitinib. Ustekinumab was superior to certolizumab. Adalimumab, tildrakizumab, and ustekinumab were superior to etanercept. No significant difference was shown between apremilast and two non-biological drugs: ciclosporin and methotrexate. We found no significant difference between any of the interventions and the placebo for the risk of SAEs. The risk of SAEs was significantly lower for participants on methotrexate compared with most of the interventions. Nevertheless, the SAE analyses were based on a very low number of events with very low- to moderate-certainty evidence for all the comparisons. The findings therefore have to be viewed with caution. For other efficacy outcomes (PASI 75 and Physician Global Assessment (PGA) 0/1), the results were similar to the results for PASI 90. Information on quality of life was often poorly reported and was absent for several of the interventions., Authors' Conclusions: Our review shows that, compared to placebo, the biologics infliximab, bimekizumab, ixekizumab, and risankizumab were the most effective treatments for achieving PASI 90 in people with moderate-to-severe psoriasis on the basis of high-certainty evidence. This NMA evidence is limited to induction therapy (outcomes measured from 8 to 24 weeks after randomisation), and is not sufficient for evaluating longer-term outcomes in this chronic disease. Moreover, we found low numbers of studies for some of the interventions, and the young age (mean 44.6 years) and high level of disease severity (PASI 20.4 at baseline) may not be typical of patients seen in daily clinical practice. We found no significant difference in the assessed interventions and placebo in terms of SAEs, and the safety evidence for most interventions was very low to moderate quality. More randomised trials directly comparing active agents are needed, and these should include systematic subgroup analyses (sex, age, ethnicity, comorbidities, psoriatic arthritis). To provide long-term information on the safety of treatments included in this review, an evaluation of non-randomised studies is needed. Editorial note: This is a living systematic review. Living systematic reviews offer a new approach to review updating, in which the review is continually updated, incorporating relevant new evidence as it becomes available. Please refer to the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for the current status of this review., (Copyright © 2023 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)