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Nanocrystals, called semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), contain excitons that are three‐dimensionally bound. QDs exhibit a discontinuous electronic energy level structure that is similar to that of atoms and exhibit a distinct quantum confinement effect. As a result, QDs have unique electrical, optical, and physical characteristics that can be used in a variety of optoelectronic device applications, including solar cells. In this review article, the stable and controllable synthesis of QD materials is outlined for upscaling solar cells, including material development and device performance enhancement. It includes a systematic variety of device structures for the fabrication of solar cells, such as QD, hybrid QD/organic, hybrid QD/inorganic, perovskite QD, and hybrid 2D MXene QD/perovskite. The mechanisms for the improvement of stability by QD treatment are examined. For example, the 2D MXene QD and/or Cu1.8S nanocrystal doping significantly increases the long‐term light and ambient stability of perovskite solar cells, resulting from improved perovskite crystallization, reduced hole transport layer (HTL) aggregation and crystallization of films, and reduced UV‐induced photocatalytic activity of the electron transport layer (ETL). For the advancement of QD solar cells and their interaction with various materials, the conclusions from this review are crucial. Finally, future prospects for the development of QD solar cells as well as current challenges are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The successful deployment of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) requires high-performance sustainable and cost-effective anode materials having a high current density. In this regard, sodium disulphide (NiS2) has been prepared as a composite with activated carbon (C) using a facile hydrothermal synthesis route in the past. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the as-prepared NiS2/C composite material shows well-defined diffraction peaks of NiS2. Most carbonaceous materials are amorphous, and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) study shows that the surface area is close to 148 m2 g−1. At a current density of 50 mA g−1, the NiS2/C composite exhibits a high capacity of 480 mA h g−1 during the initial cycle, which subsequently decreases to 333 mA h g−1 after the completion of the 100th cycle. The NiS2/C composite electrode provides an exceptional rate capability by delivering a capacity of 270 mA h g−1 at a high current density of 2000 mA g−1, suggesting the suitability of the NiS2/C composite for SIBs. Ex situ X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analyses at the Ni K-edge have been used to examine the type of chemical bonding present in the anode and also how it changes during electrochemical redox cycling. The understanding of the sodium storage mechanism is improved by the favorable results, which also offer insights for developing high-performance electrode materials for rechargeable SIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A variety of wearable technology for detecting human safety as well as environmental conditions have new research directions owing to 2D heterostructured transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), graphene (Gr), and reduced graphene‐oxide (rGrO). This in‐depth review article compiles the most recent and effective methods for ultrathin, large‐area flexible sensors with conformal adhesion to human skin that are essential for the development of wearable electronic skins. The results presented in this review aim to design flexible, comfortable wearable devices to monitor users' continuous health conditions and to show the essential parameters (vital human activity signals such as heartbeat and pulse rate, expressions, and voice recognition) on smartphones in real‐time, allowing users to monitor their health issues in a convenient setting. When used to detect gases, higher selectivity biomolecules, and other organic and inorganic molecules, 2D TMDs can produce superior sensitivities and stability due to their unique and fascinating properties that result from the close interaction between the components. The understanding and control of excitonic effects and associated wearable applications in van der Waals heterostructures over a wide spectral response range is also encouraged. The review concludes by summarizing the present difficulties and opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of infectious diseases that are quickly spreading, like the coronavirus (COVID‐19), necessitates the development of efficient biosensors that can quickly detect and identify pathogens. It is essential to create sensitive virus detection methods in order to stop a virus from spreading throughout the world. It is determined that field‐effect transistors (FETs) made of nanomaterials are potential candidates for rapid virus identification due to how easily the electronic transport characteristics of such an atomically thin nanomaterial can be affected by perturbations. Various FETs in this review article are investigated that are based on nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes (CNT), graphene, graphene‐oxide, and semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) WSe2 in order to show that they are promising biosensors in regards to quickly and precisely detect COVID‐19. The conjugation of nanomaterials with proteins enables the direct delivery of antiviral agents to the host cells. This method also minimizes the off‐target effects and enables the targeted interactions. This mechanism has produced encouraging results in regards to sensing or treating COVID‐19. The high surface area and extremely small size of nanomaterials make them crucial in regards to the development of new detection methods. The point‐of‐care test method of detection is quick, simple, and user‐friendly, and it only requires a small amount of a patient's blood. It does not require a laboratory or trained professionals. This overview of the current research that is conducted on nanomaterials will prove to be useful in the process of formulating strategies for the diagnosis, treatment, and vaccination of viruses in opinion. Finally, the conclusion of this review provides a summary of the current challenges and the future prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Potential for integrated flexible electronics has been shown for 2D materials with atomically thin layers and dangling‐bond‐free surfaces. Strain engineering is a fascinating technique for tuning or controlling the electronic and optical properties of 2D materials. In the review article, an effort to condense the most recent and promising approaches that can be used to create flexible nanoelectronic and optoelectronic devices in the future and expand their range of useful applications is made. In order to investigate their electrical behavior, the majority of the devices are created using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or mechanical exfoliation of ultrathin 2D TMD materials. This makes it possible to develop flexible piezo‐phototronic photodetectors, self‐powered sensors, and wearable and implantable devices with higher strain tolerance. On the basis of 2D TMDs materials, a comparison of the performance and characteristics of 2D flexible electronic devices is also carried out. In order to advance the development of wearable and implantable electronics with greater strain tolerance for health monitoring and usher in a new era of flexible technologies, this overview of recent research on 2D flexible electronics based on nanomaterials is intended to aid in the advancement of the field. Finally, it summarizes the current challenges and opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent development of two‐dimensional (2D) materials has demonstrated that by using the bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE) for crystals lacking inversion symmetry, it is possible to overcome the Shockley–Queisser limit. So far, the exploration of 2D p–n junction designs have recently been extensively investigated. However, the mechanism of BPVE differs from traditional p–n junction‐based photovoltaics in 2D materials. This paper presents the first experimental demonstration of the bulk photovoltaic effect in 1T′‐MoTe2. The measured intensity dependence Voc and Isc display a direct relationship to the incident light (power: 20 to 120 W cm−2; wavelengths: 400, 450, 500 nm). In 1T′‐MoTe2 nanoflakes on flexible polyimide, astrain‐enhanced BPVE is seen, producing a BPVE response of 3.60 mV. In addition, the BPVE tensor value increased from 259 to 527 A W−1 for unstrained 1T′‐MoTe2 while it increased from 467 to 882 A W−1 for strained 1T′‐MoTe2 as the wavelength decreased from 500 to 400 nm. The results show a new way to improve the efficiency of turning energy into electricity in new optoelectronic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is highly desirable for exploring and discovering new materials and outcome‐based approaches to exceed the Shockley–Queisser limit for single‐junction photovoltaic cells. Low‐dimensional piezoelectric materials have the potential to generate the optoelectronic phenomenon called the bulk photovoltaic effect, which is not limited by the theoretical limit for solar radiation into electricity conversion. The recent development of 2D materials has demonstrated that by using the bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE) for crystals lacking inversion symmetry, it is possible to overcome this limit. So far, the exploration of p–n junction designs has been addressed in several review articles. However, the mechanism of BPVE differs from traditional p–n junction‐based photovoltaics in 2D materials. In this focused review, various concepts regarding the shift‐current response are explored, both from theoretical and experimental points of view, which are generated in the framework of deformed 2D materials. Finally, prospective approaches for building BPVE‐based next‐generation solar cells using ultrathin 2D materials are presented. These materials are expected to work better than current methods of turning energy into electricity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The Fermi level alignment between electrodes and two-dimensional (2D) materials is significant in characterizing sensors based on their reversibility, response time, sensitivity, and long-term stability. ReSe 2 /metal interface was studied for hydrogen gas sensing. • The Schottky barrier height between multilayered ReSe 2 nanoflake and Pd was modulated with different concentrations of hydrogen gas. • The ReSe 2 sensor at various hydrogen concentrations fluctuating from 50 to 350 ppm with a response (R%) from 669 to 1198%, respectively. • This study will open a new platform to make cost-effective nanosensors for prospective applications in the environmental field. The Fermi level alignment between electrodes and two-dimensional (2D) materials is significant in characterizing sensors based on their reversibility, response time, sensitivity, and long-term stability. Here, we have demonstrated that the modulation of the Schottky barrier height between the interface of metal (Pd/Au) and multilayered ReSe 2 nanoflakes caused the change in the transfer curve (I ds -V bg) of FETs based devices and rectifying characteristics (I ds -V ds) of the Schottky diodes at various hydrogen concentrations at T = 22 ° C, fluctuating from 50 to 350 ppm with a response (R%) from 669 to 1198%, respectively. Sensors based on a mono- or bilayer system did not exhibit sensitivity to hydrogen gas owing to metal electrodes diffused into materials. The value of the ideality factor of the Schottky diode-based sensor changed from 4 to 1.6 as the hydrogen concentration was changed from 50 to 900 ppm, while the relative response increased from 0 to 3.5 as the hydrogen concentration was increased from 0 to 900 ppm. This research can offer a real solution for developing cost-effective, faster, and room temperature sensors based on 2D materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The harvesting of solar energy through silicon/graphene Schottky junction photovoltaic cell has been widely investigated in the last decade but the surface recombination at interface limits the high conversion efficiency. We have demonstrated the utilization of the optimum thickness (1.5 nm) of Al2O3 between the interfaces of graphene and n‐type Si as an interlayer to reduce the surface recombination along with chemical doping of perfluorinated polymeric sulfonic acid (PFSA) is used as a p‐type dopant to modulate the work function of graphene. The Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) analysis revealed that the p‐doping enhances the graphene work function from 4.65 to 4.8 eV. The transport measurements are performed to study the shift in charge neutrality point of graphene. Furthermore, the effect of PFSA doping on graphene is also confirmed through Raman spectroscopy. The maximum value of power conversion efficiency (PCE) was found to be 13.52% (100 mW cm−2, AM 1.5) by introducing an optimal oxide layer and PFSA doping. The device exhibits the photoresponsivity of 0.10 AW−1. We believe that our findings will provide a route toward the development of new photovoltaic (PV) cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-dimensional (2D) materials can be implemented in several functional devices for future optoelectronics and electronics applications. Remarkably, recent research on p–n diodes by stacking 2D materials in heterostructures or homostructures (out of plane) has been carried out extensively with novel designs that are impossible with conventional bulk semiconductor materials. However, the insight of a lateral p–n diode through a single nanoflake based on 2D material needs attention to facilitate the miniaturization of device architectures with efficient performance. Here, we have established a physical carrier-type inversion technique to invert the polarity of MoTe2-based field-effect transistors (FETs) with deep ultraviolet (DUV) doping in (oxygen) O2 and (nitrogen) N2 gas environments. A p-type MoTe2 nanoflake transformed its polarity to n-type when irradiated under DUV illumination in an N2 gaseous atmosphere, and it returned to its original state once irradiated in an O2 gaseous environment. Further, Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) measurements were employed to support our findings, where the value of the work function changed from ∼4.8 and ∼4.5 eV when p-type MoTe2 inverted to the n-type, respectively. Also, using this approach, an in-plane homogeneous p–n junction was formed and achieved a diode rectifying ratio (If/Ir) up to ∼3.8 × 104. This effective approach for carrier-type inversion may play an important role in the advancement of functional devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Perovskite-based solar cells (PSCs) show promise for future photovoltaic technologies. • This review explores how integrating perovskite nanomaterials can enhance PSC performance. • Recent PSC advancements include better light absorption and fewer defects, leading to increased efficiency. • The challenges and opportunities of using nanoscale materials in PSCs are also considered. • The review article aims to support the development of efficient and reliable PSCs for cleaner and renewable energy solutions. The favorable optoelectronic properties and straightforward fabrication processes of perovskite-based solar cells (PSCs) have led to their emergence as a promising contender for the next generation of photovoltaic (PV) technologies. This thorough review article explores the strategic incorporation of various perovskites nanomaterials including NSs (NSs), NWs (NWs), NRs, quantum dots (QD), nanoparticles, and nanocrystals to further improve the performance of these devices. We provide an extensive analysis of recent developments in PSCs, covering the synthesis procedures, structural layouts, and engineering approaches used to capitalize on these nanomaterials' distinctive properties. These developments result in enhanced light absorption, reduced defects, and improved charge transport within PSCs to enhance the power conversion efficiency (PCE). However, we carefully examine the challenges and opportunities that the incorporation of nanoscale materials into PSC architectures presents. The knowledge presented in this review is meant to be a helpful tool for scientists and engineers who are working to create dependable and effective PSCs. In doing this, we hope to help make clean and renewable energy solutions a reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The energy storage capacity of MXenes can be significantly augmented by increasing their specific surface area, which can additionally amplify the number of active sites available for electrochemical reactions. Herein, we have presented a method to enhance the energy storage capacity of Ti 3 C 2 T x MXenes by growing the TiO 2 nanogrooves on the surface of Ti 3 C 2 T x (termed as Ti 3 C 2 T x -NG) without drying the exfoliated MXene layers using hydrothermal treatment. The Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene flakes dimensions ranged from 500 to 1000 nm, whereas the decorated TiO 2 nanogrooves have a size of ∼10 nm. The Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene demonstrates a specific surface area (SSA) of ∼ 11 m2/g, while the Ti 3 C 2 T x -NG exhibits an enhanced SSA of ∼40 m2/g. The Ti 3 C 2 T x -NG utilized in the fabrication of symmetric supercapacitors exhibited a significantly higher specific capacitance (∼81 F/g) compared to Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene (∼62 F/s) at a scan rate of 100 mV/s. Reversible oxidation and reduction reactions between TiO 2 and Ti 3 C 2 T x , accompanied by the adsorption or release of hydroxide ions (OH-) contribute to charge transport in the supercapacitors. Additionally, due to the layered structure of Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene, a smaller number of ions can exist between two adjacent MXene layers due to the small spacing, whereas more ions can exist between two adjacent Ti 3 C 2 T x -NG layers as interlayer spacing between adjacent layers is relatively broader due to the nanosized TiO 2 nanogrooves, facilitating in the higher charge storage. • TiO 2 growth at MXene without converting the exfoliated MXene to powder. • Dispersed MXene flakes enable more TiO 2 growth. • TiO 2 boosts energy storage via improved surface area and charge transport. • Proposed charge storage mechanism in TiO 2 and Ti 3 C 2 Tx for charge storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2D layered germanium selenide (GeSe) with p-type conductivity is incorporated with asymmetric contact electrode of chromium/Gold (Cr/Au) and Palladium/Gold (Pd/Au) to design a self-biased, high speed and an efficient photodetector. The photoresponse under photovoltaic effect is investigated for the wavelengths of light (i.e. ~220, ~530 and ~850 nm). The device exhibited promising figures of merit required for efficient photodetection, specifically the Schottky barrier diode is highly sensitive to NIR light irradiation at zero voltage with good reproducibility, which is promising for the emergency application of fire detection and night vision. The high responsivity, detectivity, normalized photocurrent to dark current ratio (NPDR), noise equivalent power (NEP) and response time for illumination of light (~850 nm) are calculated to be 280 mA/W, 4.1 × 109 Jones, 3 × 107 W−1, 9.1 × 10−12 WHz−1/2 and 69 ms respectively. The obtained results suggested that p-GeSe is a novel candidate for SBD optoelectronics-based technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low-dimensional materials can be used to create highly sensitive, targeted, label-free, FET biosensors that can identify a variety of analytes. However, reliable biological FET is not yet available in the real world because it is hard to meet the strict requirements for highly sensitive and selective bio-FET fabrication. Two-dimensional materials, like graphene or transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), are used in devices called 2D FET-based biosensors as the active channel in a field-effect transistor (FET) configuration. 2D materials, are better candidates for high-performance biosensing due to their dramatic change in resistivity upon analyte adsorption or biomarkers detection, tunable electronic properties, high surface activities, sufficient stability, and layer-dependent semiconducting properties. We provide a brief overview of fascinating biosensing applications with a variety of architectural designs in this review article. This group of devices includes 2D TMDs-based FETs that incorporate graphene, reduced graphene oxide, quantum dots, nanoparticles, nanocomposites, nanorods, nanospheres, nanoflowers, and TMD/MXene heterostructures. These achievements show the exceptional capability of ultrahigh performance in biomarker detection in point-of-care diagnostics. The conclusion includes a summary of current opportunities and challenges. [Display omitted] • FET biosensors made from low-dimensional materials can detect a variety of analytes. • Due to the stringent requirements for highly sensitive and selective bio-FET fabrication, reliable biological FET (bio-FET) is not yet available in the real world. • Due to the dramatic change in resistivity that occurs when an analyte or biomarker is detected. • Ultrahigh biomarker detection performance in point-of-care diagnostics is demonstrated by these achievements. • Opportunities and challenges are summarized in the conclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • FET gas-sensors made from low-dimensional materials demonstrated the ability to detect low ppm concentrations of gases. • High performance gas detection because of dramatic changes in resistivity upon molecular adsorption. • For gas sensing, various TMD heterostructures were discussed. • Opportunities and challenges are summarized in the conclusion. Prior to widespread sensor deployments being used to create networks for applications like fuel-based home appliances, industrial emissions, and vehicle emissions, it is crucial to find a solution to the issue of gas sensor selectivity. Equally important is the ability to detect low ppm concentrations of gases. Two-dimensional materials, also known as 2D materials, are superior candidates for high performance gas detection because of dramatic changes in resistivity upon molecular adsorption, high surface-to-volume ratio, tunable electronic properties, and high surface activities. In this review article, we give a brief introduction to the fascinating applications for various toxic gas sensing applications with a wide range of architectural designs. In this category are devices known as field effect transistors (FETs), which are based on transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), integration of TMDs with reduced graphene (TMDs/rGr), TMDs heterostructures (2D/2D), TMDs/metal interfaces, double heterostructures (2D/2D/2D), TMDs doped with metal–organic framework (MOF), and TMDs/MXene heterostructures. Due to the intriguing characteristics at the junction interface, van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures of 2D materials have a great deal of potential for electronic devices. The high-performance and low-power gas sensors that are essential in the Internet of Things (IoT) era and that significantly raise the standard of living the world over are constructed using the promising methods based on 2D materials in this overview. Finally, it concludes by summarizing the opportunities and challenges that are currently present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochemical water splitting is recognized as a conspicuous technique for sustainable and an alternative energy storage systems. Fabricating different catalysts for electrocatalysis is highly desirable to decrease the overpotential and ease practical applications. Metal-organic-frameworks (MOFs) have obtained significant consideration recently due to tunable porous structure, superior catalytic activity, and high surface area. Owing to the properties of MOF, these materials can be employed as catalysts for overall water splitting applications. Herein, the most recent advancement in MOFs for an efficient electrochemical water splitting are demonstrated. Primarily, the basics and reaction mechanisms of water splitting were summarized which is followed by the recent improvements in electrocatalytic properties of pristine MOFs, guest@MOFs, MOF derived different metallic compounds and carbon-based catalytic materials. The fast growing innovations in the electrocatalytic activities and their fundamental mechanisms are comprehensively summarized. Finally, a thorough discussion on the current challenges and future outlooks in water splitting is provided. [Display omitted] • In-depth comparison of MOFs in fabrication methods, electrochemical assessments, and their applications. • Reaction mechanisms for both are rigorously discussed. • The effect of different MOFs based electrocatalysts are thoroughly summarized. • Current issues are briefly discussed, and future research directions are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal–organic frameworks are a complex of metal nodes and organic ligands that have attracted widespread interest in technological applications owing to their diverse characteristics. Bi-linker MOFs can prove to be more conductive and efficient than the mono-linker MOFs, however, they have been investigated less often. In this current study two distinct organic ligands i.e., 1,2,4,5-benzene-tetra-carboxylic acid and pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid were used to synthesize a bi-linker nickel MOF. The obtained Ni–P–H MOF having a unique construction was examined for its structural, morphological, and electrochemical properties. To the best of our knowledge, for the first time its potential use was specifically explored as a component in hybrid supercapacitors, as it has not been previously reported for such applications. In standard three-electrode assembly, the electrochemical properties of the Ni–P–H MOF were examined, followed by the fabrication of a Ni–P–H MOF hybrid supercapacitor with activated carbon. This hybridization results in a device with both high energy and power density, making it suitable for a variety of practical applications. To further understand the behavior of this hybrid supercapacitor, a semi-empirical technique was implemented employing Dunn's model. This model allows for the extraction of regression parameters and the quantification of the diffusive/capacitive contributions of the two-cell assembly. Overall, the combination of Ni-PMA-H2pdc MOF//activated carbon in a hybrid supercapacitor holds great potential for advancements in energy storage technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal‐organic‐frameworks (MOFs), which are porous organic/inorganic materials and can be used for various applications in battery research, have grasped interest in the domains of energy storage and conversion systems because of highly tunable morphology, open topological structure, extremely redox active and large surface area. The battery type electrodes were synthesized through a hydrothermal approach which is followed by calcination process. Initially, X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope characterizations were performed to study the MOFs structural and surface topologies. Later on, electrochemical characterizations (cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge‐discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) were executed. Three electrode assembly were accomplished to test the electrochemical performance of Li MOF, Cu MOF and LiCu MOF in which the LiCu MOF electrode has obtained at 3 mV/s its highest specific capacity of 484.4 C/g. After studying the experimental process, the charge storage mechanism was further scrutinized by using multiple theoretical approaches, confirming the behavior of the synthesized materials. To explore further the application of LiCu MOF, a hybrid device was fabricated with activated carbon which results in high energy of 36.1 Wh/kg and power of 5100 W/kg. The obtained LiCu MOF material is a viable option for both batteries and hybrid supercapacitors electrodes due to its suitable electrochemical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of p-n diodes formed on thin TMDs is an essential element for facilitating structural miniaturization for optoelectronic applications. So far, 2D materials-based heterostructures involved contact effect and are not entirely related to heterointerfaces. Here, we fabricated and studied the diode rectification of 2D materials-based heterostructures using nanoflakes of p-MoTe 2 and n-MoSe 2. Asymmetric contacts are employed (Al/Au/n-MoSe 2) and (Pt/Au/p-MoTe 2) and achieved a rectification ratio up to 105 to different gate bias. The value of the n is extracted to be (1.5) at zero gate bias. Besides, the device exhibited a responsivity (R) of 430 mAW−1 and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 98 % at V bg = 0 V. A built-in potential was detected, which gave rise to open-circuit voltage (V OC) at I ds = 0 A and short circuit current (I SC) at V ds = 0 V. Furthermore, we also studied that rectifying behavior can be seen in a 2D nanoflake by utilizing asymmetric metal contacts. These findings can have potential applications in upcoming nano-level devices. [Display omitted] • The previously reported heterostructures based on TMDs ignored the semiconductor/metal interface properties. • The heterojunctions with free Schottky-barrier metal contacts need attention. • We studied that the rectification effect can even be attained with a single flake of TMDs materials by using low and high resistance metal contacts because of the alignment of the Fermi level between two electrodes. • Various photovoltaic parameters are also measured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fabrication of van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) has drawn considerable interest because of their wide range of functionalities. Herein, a novel PdSe2/ReSe2 vdWHs with gate‐tunable rectification behavior and excellent broadband photodetection characteristics is presented. The application of the gate bias substantially enhances the rectification behavior, with the highest rectification ratio (≈3.13 × 103) observed at gate voltage Vg = −60 V. The density functional theory calculations demonstrate the direct and indirect bandgap behavior of PdSe2 and ReSe2 in the monolayer structure, respectively. Additionally, the PdSe2/ReSe2 heterojunction displays a strong photo‐response in the near‐infrared region and achieves a high photoresponsivity, an excellent external quantum efficiency, and rapid rise and decay times of 1.7 × 103 A W−1, 4.05 × 103, and 5 and 20 ms, respectively. Furthermore, the device exhibits a remarkable detectivity of ≈3.5 × 1012 Jones. The findings hold great potential for advancing the fabrication of multifunctional vdW heterostructure devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid development of smart and sophisticated miniaturized electronic devices put a high demand for high permittivity material. In the current report, we analyze structural, morphological, and dielectric response of spinel-perovskite composites consisting of CoFe 2 O 4 (CFO) as the spinel phase and BiFeO 3 (BFO) as the perovskites phase. Here pristine BFO and CFO are fabricated using Sol—Gel auto-combustion route and their composites with a recipe (1-x) BiFeO 3 - (x) CoFe 2 O 4 (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3) using solid-state reaction technique. Structural investigation identifies presence of rhombohedral perovskite phase of BFO and cubic spinel phase of CFO and thus guarantees the formation of the composite. The crystallite size increases from 16 to 36 nm for BFO and 39.5–54 nm for CFO. The distribution of well-shaped particles with a reduction in grain size in range of 50–400 nm is witnessed in morphological analysis with the increment of CFO contents in composites. Elemental purity and the presence of various elements according to their stoichiometric ratio are witnessed during elemental investigation. A detailed analysis of the dielectric permittivity, electric modulus, and impedance of these compositions is carried out to investigate their suitability for electronic and energy storage devices. The nanocomposites under study exhibit a dielectric constant of 1126 at 100 Hz for x = 0.3, which decreases to 102 at 1 MHz. Concurrently, the tangent loss for x = 0.3 is observed to be 3.37 at 100 Hz, decreasing to 0.31 at 1 MHz. However, a decrease in dielectric loss and increase in impedance is noticed when the concentration of CFO in BFO nano-composite is increased which reflects the reduction in power losses and better control in electronic conductivity and thus highlights the role of these compositions for advanced energy storage electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hybrid supercapacitors have achieved much attention for their versatility in energy storage applications. But they still require better electrode materials with flashing electrochemical properties to boost their specific capacity, energy, and power limits. The improved electrical conductivity and high electrochemical activities of transition metal sulfides make them ideal contenders to be use for hybrid supercapacitor applications. In this regard, CoMnS was synthesized with different concentrations by employing a hydrothermal approach. The synergistic effect of Co 0·50 Mn 0·50 S shows optimum performance in three electrode configuration by delivering high specific capacity (Q s) of 542.8 C/g at 2.0 A/g. This electrode also shows lower series resistance during electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, confirming their better electrical conductivity. A hybrid device (Co 0·50 Mn 0·50 S//AC) was accomplished showing intriguing properties which includes Q s of 191.8 C/g (0.4 A/g) with great cycling stability (95.02%) and rate capability. The fabricated device also results in high energy of 45.28 W h/kg with great power of 1700 W/kg. Furthermore, diffusive, and capacitive contributions were evaluated to validate our experimental outcomes. Considering these results, the as-synthesized material is a potential choice for battery-supercapacitor applications. • Bimetallic sulfides are synthesized for hybrid supercapacitor as energy storage application. • The synergistic effect of transition metals (Co and Mn) enhanced the electrochemical performance. • Electrochemical characterizations indicated the bimetallic sulfides to be more effective than single metal sulfides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study looks into the introduction of AI-driven electrochromic materials and devices into nanofabrication methods for use in ML-integrated environments. When exposed to an electric field, electrochromic materials experience reversible changes in optical properties due to dynamic optical modulation. Because of developments in AI-assisted design, optimization, and fabrication, advanced electrochromic devices with improved performance are now conceivable. The incorporation of AI-optimized electrochromic materials into nanofabrication operations and their application in ML-integrated systems are described, as well as their synthesis and characterization. Several test datasets revealed that the AI-driven strategy improved OME, Response Times, CE, and EE. These findings validate the importance of applying AI algorithms to guide material design, optimize production, and enable real-time adaptation for greater optical modulation and energy efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) with optical phased arrays (OPAs) has emerged as a promising approach for advanced optical beam steering applications. This paper presents a comprehensive study on the design and optimization of a MEMS optical phased array utilizing silicon micromirrors for precise beam manipulation. Leveraging machine learning techniques, we propose a novel methodology for the efficient exploration of the vast design space, enabling rapid identification of optimal geometrical parameters. The MEMS OPA design is coupled with nanofabrication constraints, ensuring practical feasibility. Through rigorous simulations and iterative refinement, our approach achieves significant improvements in beam steering accuracy, speed, and efficiency. The resulting MEMS OPA demonstrates exceptional performance characteristics, showcasing its potential in next-generation photonics systems. This work highlights the synergy between MEMS, optics, and machine learning, paving the way for enhanced nanofabrication techniques and advanced optical devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to fabricate a novel polymeric spongy composite to enhance skin regeneration composed of Nystatin (antifungal agent) and Silver Nanoparticles (AgNps). Different formulations (F1–F8) were developed & characterized by using various analytical techniques. AgNps synthesized by chemical reduction method showed spherical morphology 2 µm in size showed by SEM and XRD. A fine porous structure of gel embedded with AgNps having an amorphous structure with 10 % crystallinity due to AgNps was found. IR spectra revealed no chemical interaction between polymers and Nystatin. An increase in thermal stability of formulation was observed till 700 ℃ analyzed by Differential Scanning Calorimetry. Cytotoxic analysis on L929 mouse skin fibroblast cells showed a decrease in cell viability as Ag concentration increased (inactivating Fibroblast and keratinocytes) while 10 mg composition was found safest concentration (94%). Optimized formulation (F2) presented in-vitro drug release up to 90.59% ± 0.76 at pH 7.4, swelling studies (87.5% ± 0.57), water retention (26.60 ± 0.34), pH (5.31 ± 0.03). In the animal burn model, the group that received CHG/Ag/Nystatin healed the wound significantly (p < 0.05). These results suggested that optimized carrier can be used for other anti-fungal drugs facilitating the early healing of the wound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The solar water heating business by itself accounts for approximately 80% of the total market for solar thermal energy. The construction sector all around the world has discovered several applications for solar water heating over the course of the past few decades. In this paper, we develop a deep learning approach for a solar water heating system built with Phase-change materials. The results demonstrate that the proposed Phase-change materials and deep neural network model outperforms other methods in terms of accuracy and cost reduction. The use of Phase-change materials in solar water heating systems offers advantages such as high energy storage density and isothermal phase transitions. This research builds upon previous studies that have investigated Phase-change materials applications in solar heating systems. The proposed method utilizes deep neural network and back propagation algorithms to develop an accurate model for predicting solar performance. The model's accuracy is evaluated using metrics like Root Mean Square Error and Mean Absolute Percentage Error. The simulation is conducted in terms of different variables in python to test the efficacy of the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hybrid supercapacitors have gained upsurge interest in the energy storage application, but still have room to improve their specific power and energy limits with the implication of electrode materials that have superior electrochemical performance. Herein, we study the synergistic effect of the synthesized cobalt sulfide (CoS) along with manganese sulfide (MnS). The electrochemical outcomes were analyzed in three-electrode cell configuration. The cobalt manganese sulfide (CoS/MnS) composite demonstrates considerable better performance having specific capacity of 590.3 C g−1 (3 mV s−1) and 501.3 C g−1 (1.0 A g−1). The CoS/MnS electrode was further employed as a positive electrode material in a hybrid supercapacitor (supercapattery) along with activated carbon (negative electrode). The device delivers an energy density of 46 Wh kg−1 and holds a power density of 1705 W kg−1. Further, the hybrid device also retains a remarkable specific capacity of 94.57% after 1,000 continuous charging–discharging cycles at 3 A g−1. The semi-empirical approach was employed to further investigate the hybrid nature of the device, which separates the diffusive and capacitive contributions in experimental cyclic voltammetry. These results demonstrate CoS/MnS composite may have a promising implication as an electrode material for high-performance energy storage applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • In-doped amino-functionalized UiO-66 Zr-MOFs are synthesized by one-pot reaction. • Amino groups reduce band gap by lifting valence band maximum. • In doping facilities LMCT process by inducing oxygen vacancies. • aU(Zr/In) exhibits the excellent photoreduction activity of CO 2 to CO. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) with high porosity and highly tunable physical/chemical properties can serve as heterogeneous catalysts for CO 2 photoreduction, but the application is hindered by the large band gap (E g) and insufficient ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT). In this study, a simple one-pot solvothermal strategy is proposed to prepare an amino-functionalized MOF (aU(Zr/In)) featuring an amino-functionalizing ligand linker and In-doped Zr-oxo clusters, which enables efficient CO 2 reduction driven with visible light. The amino functionalization leads to a significant reduction of E g as well as a charge redistribution of the framework, allowing the absorption of visible light and the efficient separation of photogenerated carriers. Furthermore, the incorporation of In not only promotes the LMCT process by creating oxygen vacancies in Zr-oxo clusters, but also greatly lowers the energy barrier of the intermediates for CO 2 -to-CO conversion. With the synergistic effects of the amino groups and the In dopants, the optimized aU(Zr/In) exhibits a CO production rate of 37.58 ± 1.06 μmol g-1 h−1, outperforming the isostructural University of Oslo-66- and Material of Institute Lavoisier-125-based photocatalysts. Our work demonstrates the potential of modifying MOFs with ligands and heteroatom dopants in metal-oxo clusters for solar energy conversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to fabricate a novel polymeric spongy composite to enhance skin regeneration composed of Nystatin (antifungal agent) and Silver Nanoparticles (AgNps). Different formulations (F1–F8) were developed & characterized by using various analytical techniques. AgNps synthesized by chemical reduction method showed spherical morphology 2 µm in size showed by SEM and XRD. A fine porous structure of gel embedded with AgNps having an amorphous structure with 10 % crystallinity due to AgNps was found. IR spectra revealed no chemical interaction between polymers and Nystatin. An increase in thermal stability of formulation was observed till 700 ℃ analyzed by Differential Scanning Calorimetry. Cytotoxic analysis on L929 mouse skin fibroblast cells showed a decrease in cell viability as Ag concentration increased (inactivating Fibroblast and keratinocytes) while 10 mg composition was found safest concentration (94%). Optimized formulation (F2) presented in-vitro drug release up to 90.59% ± 0.76 at pH 7.4, swelling studies (87.5% ± 0.57), water retention (26.60 ± 0.34), pH (5.31 ± 0.03). In the animal burn model, the group that received CHG/Ag/Nystatin healed the wound significantly (p < 0.05). These results suggested that optimized carrier can be used for other anti-fungal drugs facilitating the early healing of the wound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supercapattery is a hybrid renewable device that stores a significant amount of energy and delivers sufficient power together. In this paper, we used the hydrothermal technique for the synthesis of nickel-manganese sulfide (NiMnS) and carbon nanotube (CNT)-incorporated nickel-manganese sulfide (NiMnS/CNT). The surface and structural analyses were done using SEM and XRD. In a three-cell arrangement, NiMNS delivered the specific capacity of 685 Cg−1 at the current density of 1.9 Ag−1. The incorporation of CNT into NiMnS significantly improves the storage capacity. The NiMnS75/CNT25 composite delivered the specific capacity of 1188 Cg−1 at the current density of 2.8 Ag−1. The supercapattery device was designed using NiMnS75/CNT25 as the anode while activated carbon as the cathode. The supercapattery (NiMnS75/CNT25//AC) demonstrates an outstanding specific capacity of 105.9 Cg−1 at the current density of 0.6 Ag−1. The device (NiMnS75/CNT25//AC) provided a high power density of 1600.8 WKg−1 at an energy density of 9 WhKg−1. These results suggest NiMnS75/CNT25 as a more suitable electrode material for supercapattery applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-dimensional materials based vertical field-effect transistors have been widely studied due to their useful applications in industry. In the present study, we fabricate graphene/MoS2/(Cr/Au) vertical transistor based on the mechanical exfoliation and dry transfer method. Since the bottom electrode was made of monolayer graphene (Gr), the electrical transport in our Gr/MoS2/(Cr/Au) vertical transistors can be significantly modified by using back-gate voltage. Schottky barrier height at the interface between Gr and MoS2 can be modified by back-gate voltage and the current bias. Vertical resistance (Rvert) of a Gr/MoS2/(Cr/Au) transistor is compared with planar resistance (Rplanar) of a conventional lateral MoS2 field-effect transistor. We have also studied electrical properties for various thicknesses of MoS2 channels in both vertical and lateral transistors. As the thickness of MoS2 increases, Rvert increases, but Rplanar decreases. The increase of Rvert in the thicker MoS2 film is attributed to the interlayer resistance in the vertical direction. However, Rplanar shows a lower value for a thicker MoS2 film because of an excess of charge carriers available in upper layers connected directly to source/drain contacts that limits the conduction through layers closed to source/drain electrodes. Hence, interlayer resistance associated with these layers contributes to planer resistance in contrast to vertical devices in which all layers contribute interlayer resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing demand for sustainable energy has diverted researchers' intentions toward electrochemical storage devices. This research aims to combine supercapacitors' characteristics with batteries to create high-performance hybrid energy storage devices. The hydrothermal approach is used to synthesize silver sulfide (Ag2S), strontium sulfide (SrS), and their composite silver strontium sulfide (AgSrS). XRD is used to evaluate the crystallinity, SEM is used to study the surface morphology, and XPS is used to determine the elemental composition of AgSrS. The BET measurements show a higher surface area of 22.23 m2g−1 for AgSrS. The highest achieved specific capacity with AgSrS is 494.5 C g−1 (137.36 mAh-g−1). The best-tuned material, AgSrS, is then used as the anode in a powered hybrid device with activated carbon (A.C.) as the cathode terminal. This device provides an energy of 26.32 Wh-kg−1 at a power of 800 W kg−1. The device was also put through a durability test, which included 5000 consecutive cycles. After 5000 cycles, a columbic efficiency of 82% was achieved, with 96% capacity retention. This research shows that the composite material AgSrS can be utilized commercially for hybrid energy storage devices in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen, an efficient and clean energy source has the potential to power our energy systems of the future. Electrochemical water splitting as a hydrogen evolution source has acquired great interest in related research and technology. Noble metal-based electrode materials were previously utilized for water decomposition, but their low abundance and high cost have limited their practical applications. Recently, earth-abundant transition metal sulfides and phosphides/phosphates are employed as an electrode material in water electrolysis. These materials are emerging as promising electrode materials and are preferably integrated into electrochemical water splitting owing to their extremely stronger redox chemistry, permanence and incredible electronic conductivity. Therefore, a comprehensive report is highly desired to provide an overview of the current state of the field. Herein, we report the thermodynamics of both oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) mechanisms that helps us to understand the water electrolysis in detail. Furthermore, the attractive transition metal sulfides, phosphates and phosphides-based electrode materials are discussed and presented in a detailed manner to summarize their performance for hydrogen and oxygen evolution water electrolysis. Graphical abstract of overall water decomposition mechanism. [Display omitted] • The main characteristics of electrochemical water splitting are considered. • The role of cost effective and remarkable active site bifunctional electrocatalysts for water decomposition are considered. • Different experimental papers using transition metal sulphides, phosphates and phosphides are analyzed. • Focus on the outcomes unveiled from LSV curves, Tafel plots and stability tests. • A mesmerizing table comparison with abridged description regarding their behaviors is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A hybrid supercapacitor, also known as a supercapattery, combines the high power density of supercapacitors with the high energy density of batteries. In this experiment, we used the hydrothermal technique to synthesize zinc sulfide (ZnS), strontium sulfide (SrS), and zinc strontium sulfide (ZnSrS). The density functional theory (DFT) revealed the metallic behavior of ZnSrS. The surface area measured through Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) graphs for ZnSrS was 13.24 m2/g. The composite zinc strontium sulfide (ZnSrS) had a specific capacity of 469 C/g in three cell arrangement. An asymmetric supercapacitor was constructed using battery-graded zinc strontium sulfide (Zn50Sr50S) as the positive terminal and polyaniline doped activated carbon (PANI@AC) as the negative terminal. The supercapattery device (ZnSrS//PANI@AC) had a maximal capacity of 148 C/g and an energy density of 32.88 Wh/kg at the power density of 800 W/kg. After the completion of 5000 cycles, ZnSrS//PANI@AC retained 90% of its initial capacity. The exceptional electrochemical performance of ZnSrS demonstrates its application as a nanostructured electrode for future energy storage systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Layered transition metal dichalcogenides are effective electrocatalysts for water splitting due to their unique properties such as high electrical conductivity, active site density, and catalytic properties. This study focused on the deposition of Ni-based dichalcogenides (NiX 2 , where X = S, Se, Te) onto a carbon cloth substrate using a simple one-step electrodeposition method at room temperature with different deposition times (10, 15, and 20 min). The optimized NiS 2 -15, NiSe 2 -15, and NiTe 2 -15 electrocatalysts showed excellent bifunctional electrocatalytic activity for both hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline media. The overpotential values for hydrogen evolution were ∼56 mV, ∼37 mV, and ∼75 mV for NiS 2 -15, NiSe 2 -15, and NiTe 2 -15, respectively, while the overpotential values for oxygen evolution were ∼220 mV, ∼170 mV, and ∼210 mV, respectively. The electrocatalysts maintained stability for 24 h during the evolution reactions. The density functional theory calculations suggested that NiSe 2 had a lower ΔGH* value due to its smaller bandgap and inherent metallic characteristics, which is consistent with the experimental results. These findings provide a new direction for designing NiX 2 (X = S, Se, Te) nanosheets for electrocatalysis applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lead free double perovkistes is an emerging class of optoelectronic material which have a huge potential for futuristic electronic industry. In present communication, we theoretically studied the structural, optoelectronic, and thermoelectric properties of Li 2 AgTlCl 6 and Li 2 AgTlBr 6 using WIEN2k software. The permissible values of tolerance factor and enthalpy of formation ensure the structural and thermodynamic stability of these compositions. The substitution of halides increase the lattice constant from 10.52 to 11.11 Å and reduce the bulk modulus from 33.38 to 26.20 GPa. The calculation of Poisons and Pugh ratios ensures their ductile nature, whereas the examination of band structure indicates exposed the bansgap value of 2.0 and 1.2 eV for Li 2 AgTlCl 6 and Li 2 AgTlBr 6 , respectively. A remarkable increase in optical parameters like static dielectric constant, refractive index, and shifting of peaks towards lower energy values is observed the replacement of Cl with Br. This substitution increased the electrical conductivity, specific heat at constant volume, Seebeck coefficient, and figure of merit that showed the feasibility of these compositions for photovoltaic and thermoelectric applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: A supercapattery is a device that combines the benefits of supercapacitors' superior power density and cycle stability with the advantages of batteries' higher energy density. We used a simple hydrothermal method to synthesize nickel sulfide (NiS), silver sulfide (Ag2S), and nickel silver sulfide (NiAg2S). The NiS and Ag2S were combined in the best 50/50 weight ratio and found that the specific capacity for NiAg2S is 571.2 C/g which is higher as compared to individual NiS and Ag2S 305.2 C/g and 364 C/g, respectively. Even at 2 A/g, more than 69% of the specific capacity is retained. For asymmetric device fabrication (NiAg2S//AC), the activated carbon was selected as a negative electrode, while NiAg2S was chosen as a positive electrode. A specific capacity of 130.4 C/g was achieved with this device. Energy density for NiAg2S was observed to be 28.97 Wh/kg having a power density of 640 W/kg. To investigate stability, a durability test was performed by subjecting this device to 1000 charging/discharging cycles, which maintain 86% of the initial capacity. Our findings suggest that a mixture of nickel and silver sulfide having a 50/50 weight ratio functioning as an electrode material for supercapattery applications may be more appropriate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Double perovskites halides K 2 AgBiX 6 (X = Cl, Br) are executed in terms of density functional theory. • Structural and thermodynamic investigation depict structural stability of K 2 AgBiX 6 in cubic phase. • The electronic band structures and optical analysis show both halides are strong candidate for the fabrication of solar cell devices. • Calculated thermoelectric parameters indicate that the both halides can be used even at elevated temperatures. Lead-free double-perovskites (DPs) K 2 AgBiX 6 (X = Cl, Br) has been executed as well as examined by ab-initio computations for solar cell energy sources. Improved and latest Becke and Johnson potential (TB-mBJ) has been suggested to calculate optoelectronics characteristics. The lattice constants reported theoretical and computed values using Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof's generalized-gradient-approximation (PBEsol-GGA) had been determined in good agreement. The calculated bandgap 2.3 eV (K 2 AgBiCl 6) and 1.5 eV (K 2 AgBiBr 6) disclosed their indirect nature, which showed that these are suitable potential candidates for visible light solar-cell (SC). Optical ranges explain the dielectric-constant, light absorption and reflection, and refractive index. The maximum absorption band has been noted within the wavelength of 620–310 nm. In addition, the BoltzTraP (BT) Code has been determined thermoelectric characteristics that result in higher value Seebeck coefficient and lower thermal conductivity. Hence, executed theoretical calculation proposed that examined material has potential application in renewable energy fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The supercapattery, a hybrid device with both capacitive and battery characteristics, owing to its excellent energy, capacity and power capabilities has broadly been recognized as an eminent energy storage device. With such fascinating features, it still craves for efficient electrode materials to improve energy storage performance. Our study presents the electrochemical analysis of magnetron sputtered pristine tungsten disulfide (WS2) and WS2 anchored over copper (Cu) interfacial layer by employing nickel foam as a current collector. To probe the structural composition, surface morphology and elemental analysis of sputtered materials, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy are utilized. By employing three‐electrode cell configuration the deposited electrodes are then examined for electrochemical characterizations. The optimal electrode Ni@Cu/WS2 (S2) in this assembly revealed a specific capacity (Qs) of 357 C/g at 3 mV/s and 247.4 C/g at 0.5 A/g. Relying on the electrochemical performance, S2 is further utilized for asymmetric architecture (hybrid device), and hence attained Qs of 185.8 C/g and divulged high energy (Ed) and power (Pd) of 43.9 Wh/kg and 425 W/kg, respectively. Furthermore, for cyclic performance at a high current density js of 8 A/g, the device exhibited efficient stability performance of 98.1% against 4500 consecutive galvanostatic charge discharge (GCD) cycles. Moreover, by applying the semi‐empirical approach, a device is assessed for capacitive and diffusive contribution, with maximum contribution of 36.93% and 93.68% against potential scan rates of 100 and 3 mV/s, respectively. All the intriguing results attained via magnetron sputtered S2 vibrantly increase its worth as an electrode material for practical hybrid device applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-dimensional (2D) molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2) has gained enormous attention as a photocatalytic material due to its extraordinary optical, electrical, and chemical properties which are highly tunable by engineered control of its 2D layers orientation. However, high carrier recombination rates in pristine MoS 2 nanostructures hinder their practical applications as an efficient catalyst. There is an upsurge of research on developing new strategies to improving its photocatalytic actions for environmental remediation. One approach is to design MoS 2 nanostructures with vertically aligned layer-structures or cross-linking 3-dimensional flower-like morphologies, which exhibit ultrahigh-density 2D edge sites that offer tremendous chemical reactivity. Another challenge is to obtain its highly active metallic 1 T phase by functional design of intrinsic structures without sacrificing its ambient stability. Herein, we reported highly active and mix-phased 1 T/2 H MoS 2 nanostructures through elegant synthesis management. By regulating reaction kinetics with the assimilation of NH 4 + ions and water molecules, tunable surface morphology from nano wrinkles to nanoflowers was achieved. The morphology regulations induced modifications in the surface areas of final products which were calculated as 64.3 m2g−1 , 114.3 m2g−1, and 219.7 m2g−1, respectively. Moreover, the bandgaps were significantly lowered from 2.13 eV to 1.93 eV and 1.85 eV. This four-in-one strategy efficiently boosted photodegradation of organic pollutants up to 94% in less than 20 min with excellent cyclic reproducibility for seven cycles. In addition, exceptional hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance with a very low overpotential of 145 mV and Tafel slope of 81.4 mV/dec was recorded. The results obtained in this work demonstrated excellent suitability of these materials as catalysts in environment related applications such as organic dye removal and for efficient hydrogen production. • Through elegant synthesis management, highly active and mix-phased 1 T/2 H MoS 2 nanostructures were fabricated. • Tunable morphology, higher surface area, lower bandgap and higher electrical conductivities were achieved. • This strategy boosted the photodegradation of pollutants up to 94% in less than 20 min. • Exceptional hydrogen evolution reactions with greater stability were achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The supercapattery has achieved significant prominence for its high specific energy and power: however, still craved for electrodes with high ionic conduction and superior electrochemical performance. The study demonstrates the tuned electrochemical performance of cobalt phosphate via introducing a magnetron sputtered copper interfacial layer. Cobalt phosphate nanomaterials synthesized via the sonochemical approach was utilized as active electrode material. The magnetron sputter technique was employed to deposit copper on current collector (nickel foam). The structural studies and morphological aspects and elemental analysis were analyzed via X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was performed to scrutinize the surface morphology of magnetron sputtered copper. The cobalt phosphate deposited on copper sputtered nickel foam profits a specific capacity (Qs) of 403.1 C/g (120.9% as compared to bare nickel foam) at 3 mV/s and 348.4 C/g (135.7% as compared with bare nickel foam) at 0.6 A/g in three electrode assembly. This electrode was further utilized in an asymmetric architecture (supercapattery device) that delivers outstanding Qs of 265.2 C/g with excellent Es of 62.6 Wh/kg and Ps of 425 W/kh at 0.5 A/g. The device also delivers an excellent Ps of 7924 W/kg while retaining Es of 11.8 Wh/kg at 7 A/g. Moreover, outstanding capacitive retention of 92.9% was observed after 5000 consecutive charge discharge cycles. In addition, the hybrid performance of the designed supercapattery was also explored via a theoretical methodology. The maximum diffusive and capacitive contribution of 88.81% (at 3 mV/s) and 55.11% (at 100 mV/s) was grasped by the device. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first approach toward the utilization of magnetron sputtered interfacial nanograins layer to tune the electrochemical performance of electrode material for potential supercapattery devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The supercapattery (hybrid energy storage device) has procured miraculous heed for their significant electrochemical performance, constitute combine features of supercapacitor (prodigious power density) and batteries (substantial energy density), still crave for electrode material with better electrochemical conduct. Here, cobalt phosphate ((Co 3 (PO 4) 2) nanostructures were synthesized using sonochemical and hydrothermal approach. The SEM, XRD, and EDX were employed to explore surface morphology, crystal structure, and elemental analysis respectively of as synthesized nanomaterials. The electrochemical performance was evaluated in two and three electrode assembly. The maximum specific capacity of 285 C g-1 at 3 mV/s and 221 C g-1 at 4.1 A g-1 has been obtained by sonochemically synthesized nanomaterial (S1). This electrode material with optimum electrochemical performance was further investigated for supercapattery application. Asymmetric device was fabricated, comprising activated carbon as negative and S1 as positive electrode material. The supercapattery device exhibits a specific capacity of 147.2 C g-1 bearing an outstanding energy density of 34.8 Whkg−1 with a power density of 425.0 W kg-1 at 0.5 A g-1. The device was found to have a remarkable power density of 6800.0 W kg-1 while retaining an energy density of 10.0 Whkg−1 with exceptional capacity preservation of 87.2% after 10,000 consecutive GCD cycles even at 8.0 A g-1. The device performance was further explored in terms of capacitive and diffusion controlled processes and found to have a maximum capacitive contribution of 63.8% at 100 mV s-1. The sonochemical method was found to be the optimal route to synthesize nanomaterials for energy storage applications. [Display omitted] • Cobalt phosphate is synthesized by sonochemical and hydrothermal approach. • High specific capacity of 221.4 C g-1 was obtained via sonochemically synthesized material (S1). • Supercapattery formed by coupling with S1 with activated carbon. • High power density of 6800 W kg-1 and high energy density of 34.75 Whkg−1. • Specific capacity retention of 87.2% after continues 10,000 GCD cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-dimensional (2D) heterostructure with atomically sharp interface holds promise for future electronics and optoelectronics because of their multi-functionalities. Here we demonstrate gate-tunable rectifying behavior and self-powered photovoltaic characteristics of novel p-GeSe/n-MoSe2 van der waal heterojunction (vdW HJ). A substantial increase in rectification behavior was observed when the devices were subjected to gate bias. The highest rectification of ~ 1 × 104 was obtained at Vg = − 40 V. Remarkable rectification behavior of the p-n diode is solely attributed to the sharp interface between metal and GeSe/MoSe2. The device exhibits a high photoresponse towards NIR (850 nm). A high photoresponsivity of 465 mAW−1, an excellent EQE of 670%, a fast rise time of 180 ms, and a decay time of 360 ms were obtained. Furthermore, the diode exhibits detectivity (D) of 7.3 × 109 Jones, the normalized photocurrent to the dark current ratio (NPDR) of 1.9 × 1010 W−1, and the noise equivalent power (NEP) of 1.22 × 10–13 WHz−1/2. The strong light-matter interaction stipulates that the GeSe/MoSe2 diode may open new realms in multi-functional electronics and optoelectronics applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

State of the art supercapatteries have received considerable attention for their significant electrochemical performance; however, electrode materials with enhanced charge storage capabilities are desired. Here, we report the synthesis of mixed metal phosphate nanomaterials with different concentrations via a sonochemical approach. Initially, binary metal phosphates based on zinc, cobalt, and manganese were synthesized. Then, the composition of zinc and cobalt was optimized in ternary metal phosphates. Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques were utilized to examine the surface morphology, elemental analysis and crystal structure of as-synthesized nanomaterials. The electrochemical characterizations were performed in a three cell configuration. Zn0.50Co00.50Mn(PO4)2 delivers the optimum performance with a specific capacity of 1022.52 C g−1 (specific capacitance of 1704.21 F g−1) at 1.2 A g−1. This optimized material was further engaged in an asymmetric device (supercapattery) as a positive electrode material to explore the real device performance. The supercapattery device was found to have an impressive specific energy of 45.45 W h kg−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and provide a remarkable specific power of 4250 W kg−1 at 5 A g−1 current density. The device exhibits excellent capacity preservation of 93% examined after 1500 charge discharge cycles. In addition, to scrutinize the supercapattery performance in terms of capacitive and diffusion controlled processes, a simulation approach was adopted. The real device comprises a capacitive contribution of 8.42% at 3 mV s−1 and 66.56% at 100 mV s−1. This novel progress in ternary metal phosphates results in a fine electrode material for high performance supercapattery applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By employing first-principles calculations, we comprehensively investigate the magnetic and optoelectronic characteristics of pristine Cs 2 NaAlF 6 (CNAF) double perovskites, as well as their behavior upon doping with transition metals Cr(Mn) at the Na-site. Our simulations employ the Wien2k code's full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave (FPLAPW) method, incorporating the generalized gradient approximation with on-site Hubbard correction (GGA + U) to accurately account for exchange and correlation interactions. The pristine Cs 2 NaAlF 6 exhibits insulating properties, featuring a direct bandgap of 6.72 (10.50) eV as determined through GGA + U functional. However, upon substitutional doping of transition metals such as Cr and Mn into the Na-site of Cs 2 NaAlF 6 , impurity states emerge within the bandgap, thereby imparting semiconducting behavior to Cs 2 NaAlF 6 :Cr and Mn. This semiconducting nature holds immense significance for the development of next-generation spintronic devices. The substitution of Cr(Mn) at the Na-site results in partially filled d-orbitals, leading to magnetic moments (MMs) of 5 (6.03) μB. Furthermore, we investigate the optical properties (Real part (ε1(ω)), Imaginary part (ε2(ω)), extinction coefficient (k(ω)), refractive index (n(ω)), Reflectivity (R(ω)), energy loss function (L(ω)), and absorption (I(ω))) of both pristine Cs 2 NaAlF 6 and Mn(Cr)-doped Cs2NaAlF6 across the photon energy range of 0–14 eV. Our analysis sheds light on the behavior of these properties as a function of photon energy. Our findings strongly establish that the substitutional doping of Cs 2 NaAlF 6 with transition metals significantly enhances its electrical, magnetic, and optical properties. These enhancements position Cs 2 NaAlF 6 :Mn(Cr) as an outstanding candidate for optoelectronic and spintronic devices, thereby unlocking promising avenues for technological advancements. Illustrates the lattice parameter (a), whereas Fig. 2(b) displays the lattice parameters (b, c) of the pristine material Cs 2 NaAlF 6 (in red), Cr doped Cs 2 NaAlF 6 (in black), and Mn doped Cs 2 NaAlF 6 (in blue). [Display omitted] • The optoelectronic and magnetic properties of double perovskite Cs 2 NaAlF 6 doped with transition metals (Cr, Mn) at the Na-site have been studied.. • To calculate the exchange and correlation interaction, the generalized gradient approximation with on-site Hubbard correction (GGA + U) was used. • The pristine Cs 2 NaAlF 6 is an insulator material having a direct (R–R) bandgap of 6.72 (10.50) eV calculated through GGA (HSE) functional. • The doping of transition metals (Cr, Mn) in Cs 2 NaAlF 6 at Na-site induced impurity states within bandgap and as a result, the Cs 2 NaAlF 6 :Cr shows half-metallic. • The substitutional doping of Cr(Mn) atom in Cs2NaAlF6 at Na-site induced magnetic moments (MMs) of 5 (6.03) μ B , because of the partially filled d-orbital of transition metals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High specific capacity, long-term cyclic stability, excellent energy densities, and rapid charging discharging rates are among few of crucial characteristics for energy storing devices to fulfill the energy requirements of contemporary technologies. These devices require the evolution of suitable electrode materials to overcome the fundamental energy demands. In this regards, metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have grasped an increasingly attention to be utilized as active material for energy storage applications due to their exceptional surface area, remarkable porosity, superior structure, and electrochemical performance. Herein, 1, 3, 5 benzenetricarbxylic acid organic linker was used to synthesize different lithium and manganese based MOFs. In three electrode assembly, the manganese(Mn)-MOF revealed higher specific capacity (Qs) as compared to lithium(Li) MOF. The hybrid device (battery-supercapacitor) is fabricated by considering Mn-MOF (due to its unique response) and an activated carbon as working and counter electrodes resulting in Qs of 253 C g−1 at 1.0 A g−1. It is also observed that the device has cyclic durability of 93% after 3000 GCD cycles exposing the power density (Ps) of 2560 W kg−1 and the energy density (Es) of 59.92 Wh kg−1. Moreover, Dunn's model was employed to clarify the capacitive (k 1) and diffusive (k 2) currents. These impressive electrochemical outcomes highlight the possibility of exploiting MOFs based electrode materials for supercapattery applications. • Electrochemical properties of MOFs were investigated by incorporating Li and Mn metal ions. • Specific capacity, energy and power are simultaneously evaluated. • The hybrid device exhibited good cyclic stability for three thousand charge/discharge cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • 2D conductive MOF has been utilized as potential electrode material for hybrid supercapacitors. • Hybrid supercapacitor was fabricated using 2D MOF (positive) and activated carbon (negative) electrodes. • Considerable values of energy and power density have been achieved. • Semi empirical approach was employed to extract the capacitive and diffusive contributions in the hybrid device. Electrochemical energy technology demands highly proficient and stable systems which ultimately rely upon the discovery and development of promising electrode materials. Here, we report a two-dimensional conductive nickel- metal organic framework (Ni-MOF) for energy storage application. A novel Ni- based MOF was synthesized by utilizing a distinctive ligand 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenylene (HHTP termed as Ni 3 (HHTP) 2. The highly conductive, porous and stable two dimensional π -conjugated structure of HHTP makes Ni 3 (HHTP) 2 an auspicious contender for energy storage applications. We characterize the Ni 3 (HHTP) 2 developed through hydrothermal route for its structural properties and then explore its energy storage profile by fabricating the hybrid energy storage device. The Ni 3 (HHTP) 2 based asymmetric device exhibits the capacity of 194 C/g providing the energy (E s) and power density (P s) of 43 Wh/kg and 2400 W/kg, respectively. We then scrutinize its capacitive and diffusive components by calculating regression parameters k 1 and k 2 using Dunn's model to bring further insight into the electrochemical characteristics of the electrode material. Ni 3 (HHTP) 2 is an appealing member of 2D conductive MOFs to utilize for energy storage applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal-organic-frameworks have grasped increasingly attention owing to their exceptional porosities and tunable structure, being extensively utilized as anodic material for energy applications. Herein, manganese MOF has been synthesized with multi organic linkers and studied their electrochemical properties in both three and two electrode assembly. The Mn- BTC (Benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid) sustains superior performance compared to Mn-BDC (1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid) in three electrode setup. Owing to considerable outcomes of Mn-BTC, it was further assembled in two electrode configuration to fabricate a hybrid device. The Mn-BTC//AC operated at a wider potential window of 1.7 V with relatively better discharging time which indicates its potential for industrial applications. Apart from this, the assembled device also revealed noticeable specific energy and power. Dunn's model was employed to further scrutinizethe capacitive and diffusive contributions in the hybrid device of Mn-BTC//AC. This as-described strategy is applicable broadly for energy storage applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]