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This study aimed to provide alternative information and solutions in an effort to increase reproductive productivity in etawah crossbreed goats (PE). The sample used in this study was 10 female PE with an average age of 2.5 - 3 years and primiparous at least . Ovulation induction was performed using 0.1 mg intra-muscular Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH), after seven days injection of Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) was given as much as 2.5 mg submucosa of the vulva, followed by a second injection of GnRH as much as 0,2 mg intramuscular in samples that have really experienced heat and selected selectively according to the signs of natural heat shown by the sample and followed by insemination as much as 2 doses or 0.50 ml of frozen semen. Blood sampling was performed at H0, H7th, H14th and H21th after insemination. All blood samples were collected and progesterone and estrogen hormone profiles were examined using the ELISA method. From the results of the ELISA test, the mean progesterone hormone profile H0 = 4.798 ng / ml, H7th = 4.887 ng / ml, H14th = 4.824 ng / ml, H21th = 5.148 ng / ml. The profile of the hormone estrogen at H0 = 19,461 pg / ml, H7th = 17,457 pg / ml, H14th = 18,248 pg / ml, H21th = 17,515 pg / ml. This study showed an increase in the levels of the progesterone hormone at H0 to H7th, then slightly decreased in H14th and a significant increase in H21th. For the estrogen hormone, there is a decrease from H0 to H7th then there is a slight increase in H14th and decreases again in H21th.

Despite significant achievements in prostate cancer mechanistic understanding and its targeted therapies, currently there exists several major challenges that mainly arises during the therapy of advanced prostate cancer. Present prostate cancer precision medicine strategy principally suffers from several practical concerns, particularly in point of therapeutic resistance, tumor heterogeneity, complex clinical & pathological behavior and an extensive genomic perturbation landscape. Prostate Cancer Systems-Medicine Initiative is a global trans-disciplinary movement taken from corresponding scientific domains to critically determine the nature of this major existing challenges and its corresponding most possible solutions by systematically accumulating the present existing knowledge. Basically, it explains the importance of broad spectrum cancer hallmark based integrative approaches for development of combination therapy associated strategic measures for metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer. The major findings of this initiative can be summarized by identification of 136 therapeutic resistance mediators, 103 prostate cancer driver oncogenes and 8 progression pathways along with 5 terrain factors which centrally drives the basic events in prostate cancer pathogenesis, its further metastatic propagation and ultimate therapeutic resistance. In addition, it also attempts to summarize the critical features and basic challenging aspects of current therapeutic options.

Obesity has become a global health problem that strongly correlates with morbidity and mortality. Despite the importance of obesity, there remains a paucity of evidence on obesity among kindergarten children in Tonjouna, Central Sulawesi. Obesity in children is influenced by various factors, one of which is exclusive breastfeeding. This study aims to find the correlation between exclusive breastfeeding and obesity among children aged four to six years in three kindergartens in Una-Una. The study uses a cross-sectional design involving all children at this kindergarten. Anthropometric measurement was carried out in school before questionnaires were distributed to determine the number of breastfeeding given to the children. The data analysis revealed that 25% of children suffer from obesity. Five out of 68 children or 29.4% of those who get exclusive breast milk suffer from obesity. The statistical analysis using the Chi-square test shows a p-value of 0.002 (p

Seaweeds can play an essential role in controlling antibiotic resistance for bacterial diseases. Three extracts of two brown seaweeds Padina tetrastromatica and Sargassum ilicifolium were investigated as growth promoters and to provide immune protection against Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Extracts of the two seaweeds were administered at 2.5 and 5 g kg−1 with food for 45 days to Penaeus monodon juveniles. The maximum weight gain (6.28 and 7.08 g), specific growth rate (3.39 and 3.32%), and survival rate (78.45 and 82.45%) of the juvenile tiger shrimp were obtained at a dose of 5 g kg−1 with P. tetrastromatica extracted by methanol and ethanol, respectively; which was significantly higher than the other solvents and control group (p .05). However, the administration of 5 g kg−1 methanol and ethanol extract of P. tetrastromatica improved growth performance and the immune capacity of P. monodon by increasing their phenoloxidase activity, superoxide anion concentration, and resistance against V. parahaemolyticus.HIGHLIGHTS The maximum growth performance and survival of juvenile tiger shrimps obtained with Padina tetrastromatica extract at a dose of 5 g kg−1. The methanol extract of P. tetrastromatica and Sargassum ilicifolium had maximal antibacterial activity against V. parahaemolyticus. The administration of 5 g kg−1 methanol and ethanol extract of P. tetrastromatica improved growth performance and the immune capacity of P. monodon.

The ultimate role of prokaryote (bacteria and archaea), the decomposer of the wetland ecosystem, depends on its community structure and its interaction with the environment. The present study has used three universal prokaryote primers to compare prokaryote community structure and diversity of three distinctly different wetlands. The study results revealed that α-diversity indices and phylogenetic differential abundance patterns did not differ significantly among primers, but they did differ significantly across wetlands. Microbial community composition revealed a distinct pattern for each primer in each wetland. Overall comparison of prokaryote communities in sediments of three wetlands revealed the highest prokaryote richness and diversity in Bhomra (freshwater wetland) followed by Malencho (brackish-water wetland) and East Kolkata wetland (EKW) (sewage-fed wetland). Indicator genus analysis identified 21, 4, and 29 unique indicator genera, having preferential abode for Bhomra, EKW, and Malencho, respectively. Prediction of potential roles of these microbes revealed a preference for sulfate-reducing microbes in Malencho and methanogens in Bhomra. The distinct phylogenetic differential abundance pattern, microbial abode preference, and their potential functional role predict ecosystem variables shaping microbial diversity. The variation in community composition of prokaryotes in response to ecosystem variables can serve as the most sensitive bioindicator of wetland ecosystem assessment and management.

Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer is a highly valuable and potential candidate species for mariculture. The objectives of the present study were to conduct an onboard fertilization trail to produce viable offspring and see the effects of stocking density of eggs on the fertilization, hatching and survival rate of Asian seabass juveniles. Eggs and sperm were collected during the full moon in May 2019 from the Moheshkhali channel estuary, the Northeast Bay of Bengal, by hand stripping method. Pooled sperm from two males and eggs from a female were used for insemination. Three egg stocking densities (T1- 37 40,000 eggs/batch; T2- 60,000 eggs/batch and T3- 80,000 eggs/batch) was used for this study. The one-way ANOVA (p

Water temperature of aquatic bodies is gradually getting warmer and may pose threat for survival, health and production of fish in future. The critical temperature maximum (CTmax) is the tool to estimate the upper limit of thermal tolerance of fish but information on biochemical events occurring at CTmax are limited for our selected fish, Labeo rohita. In the present study, biochemical alteration of table sized Labeo rohita (Rahu) was examined at CTmax (42.67±0.53ºC) against fish kept at acclimation temperature (30.5±1.0ºC) by increasing water temperature continuously at the rate of 0.28°C minute-1. Significant alteration was observed for all studied biomolecules with increased glucose and triglycerides and declined protein and cholesterol in serum at CTmax. Hormones also altered with increased value for thyroid hormones and decreased value for cortisol, however the alteration was significant only for T4. In liver glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol level was higher but protein was less at CTmax. Increased transaminase enzymes activities (GPT and GOT) in liver may have increased the production of the glucose from tissue protein. At CTmax, alteration in metabolic activities (higher amount of glucose and triglycerides in serum) for energy production and onset of heat shock responses (higher expression of hsp70 gene in liver) were occurred in Rahu. In this study, CTmax was 42.67±0.53ºC and warming tolerance was 12ºC indicating that Rahu can tolerate sudden increment of water temperature of a few degrees beyond present habitat temperature, although for few moments.

The bacterial population plays a crucial role in recycling the organic matter and metabolizing the toxic nitrogenous compounds under biofloc technology (BFT). The biofloc technology has been successfully implemented for several fish species, but not for shrimp culture in Bangladesh. The major objectives of this study were to determine the effects of stocking density on the growth performance of tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon under biofloc technology (BFT) rearing system using commercial probiotics and to investigate the abundance of total heterotrophic bacteria (THB) and vibrio-like bacteria (VLB) in different biofloc treatments and their water quality parameters. The experiment was conducted with three different stocking densities in three BFT tanks (2.5 × 2.0 × 1.0 m) with triplicate and three control tanks filled in clearwater. All these tanks were built with cement and can contain 5000 L of water. Visually healthy, disease-free P. monodon postlarvae (weighted 0.18 ± 0.02 g) were collected from a local hatchery and stocked in three different stocking densities, i.e., 400 PL/m3 (CW), 400 PL/m3 (BFT1), 450 PL/m3 (BFT2) and 500 PL/m3 (BFT3). Shrimps were fed four times a day with commercial feed (Biomer, 40 % crude protein) for 127 days. Significant differences (P < 0.05) in specific growth rate, food conversion ratio, and protein efficiency ratio of shrimp were found among the treatments and the control group. The overall final biomass in BFT1 (5.88 ± 0.12 kg m3) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of other BFT groups and the control (3.40 ± 0.09 kg m3). The present findings showed that the biofloc technology with lower stocking density was reducing the total ammonia nitrogen, nitrite-N, and nitrate-N in water and significantly increased THB and reduced VLB populations.

The recent incidence of loose-shell syndrome disease (LSSD) in grow-out shrimp ponds appears to be a major problem in Bangladesh. Therefore, the aims of our study were (i) to observe clinical signs of LSSD to confirm its incidence and (ii) to identify the probable causative agents for LSSD in shrimp. Sampling was conducted randomly from five LSSD-affected ponds and three non-affected ponds near Bakkhali River; ecological parameters were measured. A total of 180 healthy shrimps were used for this experiment, where LSSD-affected shrimp extracts were either injected into the shrimps or mixed with water in the experimental tanks. Finally, microbial examinations were performed to identify the possible LSSD causative agents from the infected individuals. The total shrimp production was higher in ponds with healthy populations (185 kg/ha) than from LSSD-affected ponds (126–146 kg/ha); the survival rate of shrimp at harvest was significantly different (p

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that occurs in the community, with 1.9% prevalence of in the world is and the seventh leading cause of death in the world. It is estimated to increase up to 21.3 million by 2030 if the pattern of Diabetes management is not well developed. In 2007, the prevalence of Pregestational Diabetes Mellitus in Indonesia was 12% and had an impact on placental development that was important during pregnancy for fetal survival with placental weight as the indicator. Diabetes Mellitus pregestational therapy is insulin, however, it often causes complications. Oral hyperglycemic drugs with ginger dose extract of 500mg/kgBW significantly decreased serum glucose levels in diabetic-induced rats. Ginger extract is expected to decrease blood glucose levels so as to increase the weight of placenta. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of insulin and ginger extract on the weight of placenta Rattus norvegicus model of diabetes mellitus. This research is an experimental research using post test only control group design. The population used in this study was pregnant Rattus norvegicus with simple random sampling. The independent variables are insulin and ginger extract and the dependent variable is the weight of placenta. Data analysis for placental weight using Kruskal Wallis was continued by Post Hoc Bonferroni test. Test results for placental weight p>α (0.63 > 0.05) mean that there is no difference in placental weight between negative control, positive control, and treatment group. The conclusion of this study is there is no significant difference between groups, however, based on mean data the weight of placenta Rattus norvegicus model of diabetes mellitus with insulin and ginger extract therapy are higher than the control group

Pelaksanaan pengobatan tradisional memiliki konsekuensi hukum yang patut diketahui oleh para pengobat, sehingga mereka dapat melakukan tindakan-tindakan yang bersifat pencegahan atau preventif. Oleh karena itu, muncul masalah yang menarik untuk diteliti, yaitu bagaimana hubungan hukum antara pasien dan pengobat tradisional dan bagaimana pertanggungjawaban hukum bagi pengobat tradisional apabila melakukan perbuatan yang menimbulkan kerugian pada pasien. Tipe penelitian ini adalah doctrinal legal research dengan conceptual approach yang didukung deengan bahan hukum primer yaitu peraturan perundang-undangan serta bahan hukum sekunder seperti buku, jurnal, dan lain-lain. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah normatif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hubungan hukum antara pasien dengan pengobat tradisional adalah inspannings-verbintenis. Kedudukan pasien dengan pengobat tradisional sama secara hukum, namun pertanggungjawaban hukum bagi pengobat tradisional diatur dalam Undang-Undang Perlindungan Konsumen dalam lingkungan hukum perdata dan hukum pidana. Penyelesaian sengketa dapat dilakukan melalui mekanisme yang telah diatur dalam Undang-Undang Perlindungan Konsumen, yakni melalui mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa di dalam pengadilan atau di luar pengadilan. Ini merupakan bentuk upaya hukum yang dapat dilakukan oleh konsumen yang merasa dirugikan.