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The translatability of research is highly dependent on models that recapitulate human tissues and organs. Here, we describe a procedure for the generation of human epidermis organotypic cultures (HEOCs) from primary keratinocytes isolated from foreskin and adult skin as well as from an immortalized keratinocyte cell line (KerTr). We tested several media conditions to develop a defined HEOC growing and expansion media. We characterized the HEOCs and show that in optimal culture conditions they express the proliferation marker Ki67, the basement membrane protein collagen 17 (col17) and the epidermal differentiation markers keratin 15 (K15), keratin 14 (K14), keratin 5 (K5), keratin 10 (K10), keratin 1 (K1), transglutaminase 1 (TGM1), transglutaminase 3 (TGM3) and filaggrin (FLG). Thus, they recapitulate the human epidermis and are stratified from the basal layer to the stratum corneum. These HEOC can be generated reproducibly on a large scale, making it an invaluable model for screening therapeutic compounds and also for the study of pathologies affecting the epidermis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this article is to determine how Indian law can resolve the conflict of dual loyalties faced by nominee directors. We first study nominee directors' duties towards their nominator in commercial practice, and directors' duties under the stakeholder-oriented provision of section 166(2) in Indian Companies Act 2013. We then take stock of the judicial approaches towards nominee directors in the United Kingdom and in India. The Companies Act 2013 is presently inadequate to resolve the identified conflict. We suggest codifying a pragmatic approach by allowing nominee directors to pursue their nominator's interests, subject to the company's interests. To determine the company's interests, we refer to the Entity Maximisation and Sustainability Approach proposed by Andrew Keay that allows for a plurality of interests to be considered by a director, while providing a clear objective. In concluding, we call for further deliberation on the enforcement of the nominee directors' duties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The paper reviews 33 on-field residential feedback studies. Only occupied homes where feedback was provided and energy consumption was monitored were considered for the review. • Our study proposes a taxonomy for energy feedback based on different characteristics of feedback such as frequency, type, presentation style and mode of access. • Understand the different ways in which field studies were conducted and assess a few parameters to establish their relationship with energy savings achieved. Residential energy feedback is about providing personalized information on household energy use to consumers to encourage energy savings. This paper conducts a review of field-based studies that have evaluated the impact of energy feedback on residential energy consumption. The review includes studies in real occupied homes that have deployed feedback intervention(s) and measured energy savings. Our study builds a taxonomy for energy feedback based on different characteristics of feedback such as frequency, type, presentation style, and methods of access. Energy savings from similar feedback types were found to differ depending on how the study was conducted. The reviewed studies deployed a range of feedback information including energy units, energy cost and tailored information conducted across diverse audiences (ethnicity, geographical positioning), varying experimental types (longitudinal, Randomized Control Trial) and, size and duration of the studies. The duration of studies varied widely, ranging from one month to three years and demonstrated energy savings between 5% and 20%. While most studies achieved energy savings due to energy feedback, a few of them reported an increase in energy consumption which could be due to rebound effect. Most of the studies in literature adopted a longitudinal design where the current household energy consumption was compared with the past consumption to arrive at the savings. Others used Randomized Control Trial (RCT) design where energy consumption of intervention group was compared with control group. Most of the studies were conducted in developed countries with cold climates.. There are fewer studies done on large-scale residential energy feedback especially in emerging economies where there is a rise in air conditioning use. We propose future studies to also consider the human behavior and cultural influences while evaluating impact of energy feedback. Our recommendation is that the academic and policy community address this gap since energy feedback is likely to stimulate positive behavior change amongst householders leading to energy savings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article, the authors present a case of a 16-year-old Hindu rural woman of middle socioeconomic status who was rushed to a clinic due to complaint of mutism to discuss the condition called anorexia nervosa with catatonia. Also cited are the symptoms of anorexia nervosa like very low body weight, disturbed body perception and intense fear of weight gain, and her prescription of lorazepam with significant improvement on her condition.