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7 results on '"Agbutun, Shedrach A."'

1. Investigating the democracy and environmental sustainability nexus in 52 African countries: Evidence from two‐stage least squares and quantile regression.

Author

Iheonu, Chimere O., Muoneke, Obumneke Bob, and Agbutun, Shedrach A.

Subjects
QUANTILE regression, SUSTAINABILITY, CARBON emissions, LEAST squares, DEMOCRACY
Abstract

Objectives: This study has investigated the impact of democracy on the sustainability of the environment in 52 African countries between 1990 and 2020. Methods: The study utilized the ordinary least square as the baseline estimation technique, the two‐stage least square to account for endogeneity, and the quantile regression to account for existing levels of carbon emissions (CO2), which is a proxy for environmental sustainability. Results: Our findings show that improving the quality of African democracies will see a significant reduction in the level of CO2 emissions. Electoral and egalitarian democracy have a greater impact on reducing CO2 emissions in Africa and thus improving environmental sustainability. Further findings show that improving the quality of Africa's democracy will better dampen the level of CO2 emissions in African countries where the existing level of CO2 emissions is at its highest levels. Conclusions: The findings highlight the importance of political institutions in improving environmental sustainability in Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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3. Human rights in Sub Saharan Africa: Understanding the influence of militarization, governance and democracy

Author

Iheonu, Chimere Okechukwu, Agbutun, Shedrach A., and Chiemela, Chinedum J.

Subjects
Governance, K38, Human Rights, Sub-Saharan Africa, ddc:330, Militarization, C21, Democracy, C23
Abstract

This study provides empirical evidence on the impact of militarization, governance, and democracy on human rights in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) for the period 2002 to 2018. The study employed the instrumental variable Fixed Effects model to account for simultaneity/reverse causality, and unobservable heterogeneity as well as the instrumental variable quantile regression with Fixed Effects to account for existing levels of human rights in SSA. Based on the Fixed Effects results, it is revealed that militarization significantly increases human rights violation in the region, while governance and democracy significantly improve human rights. Results from the quantile regression show that (1) the negative impact of militarization on human rights is observable across all quantiles, (2) the positive impact of the control of corruption on human rights is more pronounced in countries where the existing level of human rights is high, while political stability and rule of law exerts stronger impact on human rights in countries where the existing level of human rights is low, (3) the positive impact of democracy on human rights is stronger in countries where the existing level of human rights is high. Policy recommendations based on these findings are discussed.

Published
2021

4. Democracy and terrorism in Africa

Author

Iheonu, Chimere Okechukwu, Asongu, Simplice, Agbutun, Shedrach A., and Ifelunini, Innocent A.

Subjects
Africa, ddc:330, Fixed Effects Model, Terrorism, Instrumental Variable, Democracy
Abstract

This study adds to the body of existing literature on the relationship between democracy and terrorism by investigating the impact of democracy on terrorism in 26 African countries. The study utilises a robust measure of democracy known as the varieties of democracy index which has been observed in literature to be more superior to conventional measures of democracy. A composite index of terrorism was derived from the number of terrorism incidents, the number of terrorist fatalities, and the number of terrorist injuries utilising the principal component analysis. The study utilises a Fixed Effects regression with Driscoll and Kraay standard errors and account for simultaneity utilising the first lags of the regressors as instruments. The result reveals an inverted U-shaped relationship between democracy and terrorism in the selected African countries. In particular, early stages of democracy are associated with higher levels of terrorism while later stages of democracy are associated with lower levels of terrorism. The study provides recommendations based on these findings.

Published
2021

7. Exchange Rate and Unemployment in Nigeria: An ARDL Approach.

Author

Adzugbele, Agbutun Shedrach, Eze, Afamefuna Angus, Morba, Ejimofor, and Nwokocha, Nnebuihe Ihechi

Subjects
UNEMPLOYMENT statistics, FOREIGN exchange rates, COINTEGRATION, ECONOMIC expansion, DEBT management, CENTRAL banking industry, VECTOR error-correction models
Abstract

The main objective of the study is to investigate the effect of real exchange rate on the rate of unemployment in Nigeria. Time series data spanning from 1983 to 2015 which were sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and Debt Management Office (DMO) statistical bulletin for 2019 and also the World Development Indicators (WDI) (2019) were used for the analysis. The ARDL bounds testing approach to cointegration was used to analyse the data. The results from the estimations show that real exchange rate has both in the short and long run, led to increase in the rate of unemployment. Other covariates in the study such as economic growth and credit to the private sector were only significant in the short run, while external debt is a significant determinant of unemployment both in the short and long run. In conclusion, it is recommended that the government should strengthen the economy through diversification, such as to improve the quality of the local industries to attenuate shocks that come as a result of exchange rate volatilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020

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