Search

Your search keyword '"Agence de surveillance de la qualité de l’air (ASPA)"' showing total 23 results
Start Over Author "Agence de surveillance de la qualité de l’air (ASPA)"
23 results on '"Agence de surveillance de la qualité de l’air (ASPA)"'

1. La pollution atmosphérique et ses effets sur la santé respiratoire en France. Document d’experts du Groupe Pathologies pulmonaires professionnelles environnementales et iatrogéniques (PAPPEI) de la Société de pneumologie de langue française (SPLF)

Author

D. Charpin, L Malherbe, Denis Caillaud, A Bourin, J.-C. Dalphin, Bruno Housset, Isabella Annesi-Maesano, Thierry Chinet, F. De Blay, le Groupe Pathologies pulmonaires professionnelles environnementales et iatrogéniques, Gilles Dixsaut, A Colette, J. Kleinpeter, I Roussel, Service de Pneumologie et Allergologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Service de Pneumologie et d'Oncologie Thoracique [AP-HP Hôpital Ambroise-Paré], Hôpital Ambroise Paré [AP-HP], Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Strasbourg (CHU de Strasbourg ), Service de physiologie explorations fonctionnelles, hôpital Cochin Hôtel Dieu et Fondation du Souffle contre les maladies respiratoires, Service de Pneumologie [CHI Créteil], CHI Créteil, Atmo Grand Est, Agence de surveillance de la qualité de l’air (ASPA), Faculté des sciences de Lille, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Service de Pneumologie-Allergologie [Hôpital de la Timone - APHM], Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Hôpital Sainte-Marguerite [CHU - APHM] (Hôpitaux Sud ), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE - IMT Nord Europe), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Nord Europe), and Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE)

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, business.industry, 3. Good health, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030228 respiratory system, 13. Climate action, Lung health, Environmental health, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2019

2. Is atmospheric pollution exposure during pregnancy associated with individual and contextual characteristics? A nationwide study in France

Author

Cécile Zaros, Ludivine Launay, Frédérik Meleux, Marie Cheminat, Rémy Slama, Emmanuel Riviere, Johanna Lepeule, Valérie Siroux, Laure Malherbe, Marion Ouidir, Marie-Aline Charles, Institute for Advanced Biosciences / Institut pour l'Avancée des Biosciences (Grenoble) (IAB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Etablissement français du sang - Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (EFS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Agence de surveillance de la qualité de l’air (ASPA), Etude longitudinale française depuis l'enfance (UMS : Ined-Inserm-EFS) (ELFE), and EFS-Institut national d'études démographiques (INED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Subjects
Male, Rural Population, Longitudinal study, Urban Population, Epidemiology, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Pregnancy, Residence Characteristics, PARTICULATE MATTER, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Neighbourhood (mathematics), Vehicle Emissions, 2. Zero hunger, Air Pollutants, 3. Good health, AIR POLLUTION, Social deprivation, Maternal Exposure, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Cohort, INEQUALITIES, Female, France, Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Urbanization, Environmental health, SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS, Humans, Socioeconomic status, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, NITROGEN DIOXIDE, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Environmental Exposure, Socioeconomic Factors, 13. Climate action, SOCIAL DEPRIVATION, Pregnant Women, Rural area, Environmental Pollution, business, URBANISATION, Body mass index
Abstract

BackgroundExposure to atmospheric pollutants is a danger for the health of pregnant mother and children. Our objective was to identify individual (socioeconomic and behavioural) and contextual factors associated with atmospheric pollution pregnancy exposure at the nationwide level.MethodAmong 14 921 women from the French nationwide ELFE (French Longitudinal Study of Children) mother-child cohort recruited in 2011, outdoor exposure levels of PM2.5, PM10 (particulate matter 2 (nitrogen dioxide) were estimated at the pregnancy home address from a dispersion model with 1 km resolution. We used classification and regression trees (CART) and linear regression to characterise the association of atmospheric pollutants with individual (maternal age, body mass index, parity, education level, relationship status, smoking status) and contextual (European Deprivation Index, urbanisation level) factors.ResultsPatterns of associations were globally similar across pollutants. For the CART approach, the highest tertile of exposure included mainly women not in a relationship living in urban and socially deprived areas, with lower education level. Linear regression models identified different determinants of atmospheric pollutants exposure according to the residential urbanisation level. In urban areas, atmospheric pollutants exposure increased with social deprivation, while in rural areas a U-shaped relationship was observed.ConclusionWe highlighted social inequalities in atmospheric pollutants exposure according to contextual characteristics such as urbanisation level and social deprivation and also according to individual characteristics such as education, being in a relationship and smoking status. In French urban areas, pregnant women from the most deprived neighbourhoods were those most exposed to health-threatening atmospheric pollutants.

Published
2017

3. Is Traffic Still an Important Emitter of Monoaromatic Organic Compounds in European Urban Areas?

Author

Alexia Baudic, Olivier Perrussel, Valérie Gros, Agnès Borbon, Julie Gauduin, Anne Boynard, Cyril Pallares, Thérèse Salameh, Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AIRPARIF - Surveillance de la qualité de l'air en Île-de-France, Chimie Atmosphérique Expérimentale (CAE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agence de surveillance de la qualité de l’air (ASPA), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique - Clermont Auvergne (LaMP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, geography, Air Pollutants, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Environmental engineering, Exhaust pipe, General Chemistry, 010501 environmental sciences, Urban area, 01 natural sciences, Air pollutants, 13. Climate action, Urban background, 11. Sustainability, Environmental monitoring, London, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental Chemistry, Environmental science, Potential source, Cities, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Environmental Monitoring, Vehicle Emissions
Abstract

International audience; Trends of long-term observations and emission inventories suggest that traffic emissions will no longer dominate the concentrations of monoaromatic compounds (i.e., TEX - toluene, xylenes, and ethylbenzene) in European urban areas. But the split limit between traffic and other emission sector contributions such as solvent use remains tenuous. Here long-term observations of an extensive set of hydrocarbons, including TEX, at traffic and urban background sites in London, Paris and Strasbourg were combined to estimate the relative importance of traffic emissions on TEX in every city. When analyzing the urban enhancement emission ratios of TEX-to-benzene on a seasonal basis, two potential source signatures other than traffic could be differentiated in all cities (1) summertime evaporation from fuel and/or solvent and (2) wintertime domestic heating. However, traffic emissions still unambiguously dominate the concentration levels of TEX in every city despite the reduction of their emissions at exhaust pipe over the last two decades. Traffic explains between 60% and 96% (at ±20%) of TEX levels while it is less clear for xylenes at some locations. Our results provide a basis to evaluate regional emission inventories. The method is applicable at any urban area where speciated hydrocarbon monitoring is available.

Published
2018

4. Exploring trade-offs between air pollutants through an Integrated Assessment Model

Author

Enrico Turrini, Philippe Thunis, Claudio Carnevale, Nadège Blond, Roberta Gianfreda, Vincent Dujardin, Alain Clappier, Anna Pederzoli, Giuseppe Maffeis, Christiane Weber, Marialuisa Volta, Enrico Pisoni, Gilles Perron, Giovanna Finzi, Giorgio Guariso, Lioba Markl-Hummel, JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Laboratoire Image, Ville, Environnement (LIVE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Image et ville (IV), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Association pour la Surveillance et l'Etude de la Pollution Atmosphérique en Alsace (ASPA), and Agence de surveillance de la qualité de l’air (ASPA)

Subjects
Conservation of Natural Resources, Decision support system, Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Air quality modeling, Control (management), Air pollution, Chemical, medicine.disease_cause, Multi-objective optimization, Models, Air Pollution, 11. Sustainability, medicine, Environmental Chemistry, Waste Management and Disposal, Air quality index, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Pollutant, Air Pollutants, Models, Statistical, business.industry, Trade offs, Environmental engineering, Statistical, Environmental economics, Air quality plan, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Pollution, Environmental Policy, Models, Chemical, 13. Climate action, Scale (social sciences), business
Abstract

When designing air pollution reduction policies, regional decision makers face a limited budget, to choose the most efficient measures which will have impacts on several pollutants in different ways. RIAT+ is a regional integrated assessment tool that supports the policy maker in this selection of the optimal emission reduction technologies, to improve air quality at minimum costs. In this paper, this tool is formalized and applied to the specic case of a French region (Alsace), to illustrate how focusing on one single pollutant may exacerbate problems related to other pollutants, on top of conflicts related to budget allocation. In our case, results are shown for possible trade-offs between NO2 and O3 control policies. The paper suggests an approach to prioritize policy makers objectives when planning air pollution policies at regional scale., JRC.H.2-Air and Climate

Published
2014

5. Targeted therapy for localized non-small-cell lung cancer: a review

Author

O. Bylicki, Gilles Robinet, Christos Chouaid, Nicolas Paleiron, Emilie Rivière, F. Grassin, Michel Andre, Service de Pneumologie [CHI Créteil], CHI Créteil, Association pour la Surveillance et l'Étude de la Pollution atmosphérique en Alsace (ASPA), Agence de surveillance de la qualité de l’air (ASPA), Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche - CHRU Brest (CHU - BREST ), Groupe d'Etude de la Thrombose de Bretagne Occidentale (GETBO), Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière (IBSAM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO), Calvez, Ghislaine, Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière (IBSAM), and Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Bevacizumab, medicine.drug_class, medicine.medical_treatment, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Review, [SDV.MHEP.PSR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract, Tyrosine-kinase inhibitor, OncoTargets and Therapy, Targeted therapy, surgery, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, adjuvant, Internal medicine, Medicine, Pharmacology (medical), Lung cancer, Neoadjuvant therapy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, business.industry, Perioperative, medicine.disease, targeted therapy, 3. Good health, respiratory tract diseases, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], neo-adjuvant, 030104 developmental biology, non-small-cell lung cancer, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, [SDV.MHEP.PSR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract, business, Adjuvant, Tyrosine kinase, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, medicine.drug
Abstract

Nicolas Paleiron,1 Olivier Bylicki,2 Michel André,1 Emilie Rivière,1 Frederic Grassin,1 Gilles Robinet,3 Christos Chouaïd4 On behalf of the GFPC Group 1Chest Department, HIA Clermont Tonnerre, Brest, 2Chest Department, HIA Percy, Clamart, 3Chest Department, CHU de Brest, Brest, 4GRC OncoEst, Université Paris XII, Paris, France Abstract: Targeted therapies have markedly improved the management of patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but their efficacy in localized NSCLC is less well established. The aim of this review is to analyze trials of targeted therapies in localized NSCLC. In patients with wild-type EGFR, tyrosine kinase inhibitors have shown no efficacy in Phase III trials. Few data are available for EGFR-mutated localized NSCLC, as routine biological profiling is not recommended. Available studies are small, often retrospectives, and/or conducted in a single-center making it difficult to draw firm conclusions. Ongoing prospective Phase III trials are comparing adjuvant tyrosine kinase inhibitor administration versus adjuvant chemotherapy. By analogy with the indication of bevacizumab in advanced NSCLC, use of antiangiogenic agents in the perioperative setting is currently restricted to nonsquamous NSCLC. Several trials of adjuvant or neoadjuvant bevacizumab are planned or ongoing, but for the moment there is no evidence of efficacy. Data on perioperative use of biomarkers in early-stage NSCLC come mainly from small, retrospective, uncontrolled studies. Assessment of customized adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy in localized NSCLC (with or without oncogenic driver mutations) is a major challenge. Keywords: targeted therapy, non-small-cell lung cancer, adjuvant, neo-adjuvant, surgery&nbsp

Published
2016

6. Modélisation et effets sanitaires: Pollution atmosphérique sur le territoire français : modélisation et effets sanitaires (PATer)

Author

Riviere, Emmanuel, Lepeule, Johanna, Agence de surveillance de la qualité de l’air (ASPA), Institute for Advanced Biosciences / Institut pour l'Avancée des Biosciences (Grenoble) (IAB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Etablissement français du sang - Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (EFS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), and PNR EST

Subjects
perturbateur endocrinien, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, exposition maternelle, cohorte, femme enceinte, pollution atmosphérique, polluant, prématurité, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, échange fœtomaternel, fœtus, modèle
Abstract

National audience; Depuis les années 1990, de nombreuses études épidémiologiques ont montré des associations entre les niveaux de pollution atmosphérique et différents effets sanitaires comme les allergies respiratoires, les maladies cardio-vasculaires, et des événements liés à la santé reproductive. La cohorte ELFE (Étude Longitudinale Française depuis l’Enfance) permet d’étudier notamment les effets des polluants atmosphériques sur la prématurité. La convergence des progrès réalisés pour l’évaluation des polluants dans l’air, des méthodes et des résultats des études épidémiologiques autorise pour la première fois en France, la réalisation d’un maillage national à haute résolution spatiale qui permettra d’étudier de manière fine les relations entre les niveaux de pollution et les issues de grossesse, mais également d’autres événements de santé.

Published
2016

7. Maladie gélatineuse de la plèvre : une entité rare et parfois isolée. À propos d’une observation

Author

N. Paleiron, A. Bronstein, M. André, F. Grassin, U. Campione, E. Rivière, Laboratoire de Probabilités et Modèles Aléatoires (LPMA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Association pour la Surveillance et l'Étude de la Pollution atmosphérique en Alsace (ASPA), Agence de surveillance de la qualité de l’air (ASPA), Service de Pneumologie (HIA BREST - Pneumologie), Hôpital d'Instruction des armées, Groupe d'Etude de la Thrombose de Bretagne Occidentale (GETBO), Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière (IBSAM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière (IBSAM), and Calvez, Ghislaine

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Gynecology, medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, business.industry, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], medicine.disease, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Peritoneal Neoplasm, medicine, Pseudomyxoma peritonei, Pleural Neoplasm, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract

International audience

Published
2015

8. Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Socioeconomic Status

Author

Séverine Deguen, Sabrina Havard, Denis Bard, Denis Zmirou-Navier, Charles Schillinger, Groupe d'Etude de la Reproduction Chez l'Homme et les Mammiferes (GERHM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Epidémiologie des maladies infectieuses et modélisation (ESIM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Nutrition-Génétique et Exposition aux Risques Environnementaux (NGERE), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Faculté de Médecine [Nancy], Université de Lorraine (UL), Association pour la Surveillance et l'Étude de la Pollution atmosphérique en Alsace (ASPA), Agence de surveillance de la qualité de l’air (ASPA), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Subjects
MESH: Air Pollution, Epidemiology, MESH: Environmental Exposure, Air pollution, 010501 environmental sciences, Nitric Oxide, Social class, medicine.disease_cause, Social inequalities in health, 01 natural sciences, MESH: Social Class, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Small-Area Analysis, Germany, Environmental health, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, MESH: Germany, Spatial analysis, Socioeconomic status, Small-Area Analysis, Vehicle Emissions, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 030505 public health, MESH: Humans, Equity (economics), Ecological study, Environmental Exposure, Health Status Disparities, Ecologic studies, Environmental exposure, 3. Good health, MESH: Health Status Disparities, Geography, Social Class, MESH: Vehicle Emissions, 13. Climate action, MESH: Nitric Oxide, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, 0305 other medical science
Abstract

International audience; BACKGROUND: : Most ecologic studies of environmental equity show that groups with lower socioeconomic status (SES) are more likely to be exposed to higher air pollution levels than groups of higher SES. However, these studies rarely consider spatial autocorrelation in the data. We investigated the associations between traffic-related air pollution and SES on a small-area level in Strasbourg (France) and assessed the impact of spatial autocorrelation on the results. METHODS: : We used a deprivation index, constructed from census data, to estimate SES at the block level. Average ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels during year 2000, modeled at the block level by a dispersion model, served as a marker of traffic exhaust. We estimated the association between exposure to NO2 and the deprivation index by using an ordinary least squares model and a simultaneous autoregressive model that controls for the spatial autocorrelation of data. RESULTS: : The association between the deprivation index and NO2 levels was positive and nonlinear with both regression models; the midlevel deprivation areas were the most exposed. Control of spatial autocorrelation strongly reduced the strength of the association but clearly improved the model's goodness-of-fit; the most pronounced reduction was observed for the midlevel deprivation areas (regression coefficients decreased by 67%). CONCLUSIONS: : This study confirms the need to take spatial autocorrelation into account in ecologic studies and shows that failure to do so may lead to biased and unreliable estimates and thus to erroneous conclusions. This may be especially important in studying the role of air pollution on social inequalities in health.

Published
2009

9. Démarche diagnostique d’une hypoxémie « nue » de l’adulte

Author

M. Andre, U. Vinsonneau, G. Rohel, N. Paleiron, F. Grassin, E. Rivière, M. Piquemal, P. Paule, Calvez, Ghislaine, Groupe d'Etude de la Thrombose de Bretagne Occidentale (GETBO), Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière (IBSAM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO), Service de Pneumologie (HIA BREST - Pneumologie), Hôpital d'Instruction des armées, Association pour la Surveillance et l'Étude de la Pollution atmosphérique en Alsace (ASPA), Agence de surveillance de la qualité de l’air (ASPA), Service de Cardiologie (HIA BREST - Cardio), HIA - BREST, and Service de Pneumologie (NP - HIA)

Subjects
Gynecology, medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Computed tomography, Hypoxic cell, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Pulmonary embolism, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], medicine, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Resume Introduction L’hypoxemie est une diminution de la pression partielle arterielle en oxygene (PaO2). L’objectif de ce travail est de presenter une conduite a tenir devant un patient adulte presentant une hypoxemie « nue », au repos ou a l’effort, definie par une absence de dyspnee au repos, de signe clinique ou d’anomalie radiographique evidents. Etat des connaissances Les outils diagnostiques a la disposition du clinicien sont l’interrogatoire, l’examen clinique, l’angioscanner thoracique, les echocardiographies, le test d’hyperoxie, le doppler transcranien et la scintigraphie pulmonaire. Ce travail propose une demarche diagnostique pragmatique, centree autour de la realisation d’un angioscanner thoracique. Perspectives Des travaux sont en cours pour determiner plus precisement la place de l’echocardiographie pour le diagnostic des shunts intra- ou extracardiaques. Conclusions La constatation d’une hypoxemie « nue » necessite une demarche diagnostique rigoureuse pour ecarter rapidement les causes potentiellement graves et ne pas meconnaitre les causes rares.

Published
2015

10. Investigation of impact of tropical thunderstorms on the lower stratosphere using lightweight sensors on small and long duration balloons

Author

Pommereau, Jean-Pierre, Rivière, Emmanuel, Held, G., Berthelier, Jean-Jacques, Vicomte, Marie, Khaykin, Sergey, Durry, Georges, Renard, Jean-Baptiste, Wienold, Franck, STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Association pour la Surveillance et l'Étude de la Pollution atmosphérique en Alsace (ASPA), Agence de surveillance de la qualité de l’air (ASPA), Instituto de Pesquisas Meteorológicas (IPMet), Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho = São Paulo State University (UNESP), Central Aerological Observatory (CAO), Russian Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (Roshydromet), Groupe de spectrométrie moléculaire et atmosphérique (GSMA), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science [Zürich] (IAC), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Cardon, Catherine, and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph]
Abstract

International audience; Thunderstorms over tropical continents have been shown recently to have a large impact on the thermal structure, the chemical composition, the humidity and the aerosol concentration of the lower stratosphere well above the tropopause up to 20-21 km altitude. The reason for the ignorance of this mechanism until now is the difficulty of performing relevant observations from satellites and high altitude research aircraft, in the presence of strong overshoots at vertical velocity up to 60m/s, permanent lightning and cold temperature associated to those systems, as well as performing large balloons flights next to heavy rainfall and wind gusts. An alternative is to probe the upper troposphere and the lower stratosphere using small balloons flown next to the thunderstorms or long duration balloons passing above, carrying lightweight and high performance sensors now feasible using modern technics. In this objective, several lightweight instruments have been developed which will be flown in a first step before long duration balloons are made available, on a number of small balloons during a TROPICO balloon campaign planned in Southern Brazil during the convective season in February-March 2012. The list includes tuneable diode laser and Lyman alpha hygrometers, aerosol optical counter and backscatter diode laser, UV and visible spectrometers, electric and magnetic probes, lightning and blue-jet optical sensors, combined with a lightweight Iridium system for controlling the flight and transmitting the data. Shown in the presentation will be a description of operation procedures of such small balloons and sensors near thunderstorms, and a presentation of most relevant results.

Published
2012

11. Air Pollution and Myocardial Infarction - a Small-Area Case Crossover in Strasbourg, France Influence of Individual and Area Characteristics

Author

Havard, Sabrina, Pédrono, Gaëlle, Deguen, Séverine, Schillinger, Charles, Segala, Claire, Rivière, Emmanuel, Arveiler, Dominique, Bard, Denis, Groupe d'Etude de la Reproduction Chez l'Homme et les Mammiferes (GERHM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Epidémiologie et Biostatistique [Bordeaux], Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Association pour la Surveillance et l'Étude de la Pollution atmosphérique en Alsace (ASPA), Agence de surveillance de la qualité de l’air (ASPA), Faculté de médecine (EA1801), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and ENSP Rennes

Subjects
[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2008

12. Exploring the joint effect of atmospheric pollution and socioeconomic status on selected health outcomes: the PAISARC Project

Author

Bard, Denis, Laurent, O., Filleul, Laurent, Havard, Sabrina, Deguen, Séverine, Segala, Claire, Pédrono, Gaëlle, Riviére, E., Schillinger, Charles, Rouil, L., Arveiler, D., Eilstein, D., École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP), Cire Aquitaine, Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS), Groupe d'Etude de la Reproduction Chez l'Homme et les Mammiferes (GERHM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Epidémiologie et Biostatistique [Bordeaux], Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Association pour la Surveillance et l'Étude de la Pollution atmosphérique en Alsace (ASPA), Agence de surveillance de la qualité de l’air (ASPA), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Subjects
[SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Myocardial infarction, Small area, Air pollution, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Socioeconomic factors, Asthma, Analysis
Abstract

International audience; Health socioeconomic gradients are well documented in developed countries, but incompletely explained. A portion of these health inequalities may be explained by environmental exposures. The objective of PAISARC is to explore the relations between socioeconomic status, air pollution exposure and two selected health outcomes--asthma exacerbations and myocardial infarction--at the level of a small area. The study design is ecological, using data available from the national census, with the residential block (French IRIS, 2000 people on average, National Institute of Statistics--INSEE) as the statistical unit. The setting is the Greater Strasbourg metropolitan area (450 000 inhabitants) in eastern France. We first constructed a socioeconomic status index, using 1999 national census data and principal component analysis at the resolution of these census blocks. Air pollution data were then modeled at the same resolution on an hourly basis for the entire study period (2000-2005). Health data were obtained from various sources (local emergency networks, the local population-based coronary heart disease registry, health insurance funds) according to the health outcome. We present here the initial results and discuss the methodological approaches best suited for the forthcoming steps of our project.

Published
2007

13. Geostatistical characterization of the nitrogen dioxide concentration in an urban area. Part I: Spatial variability and cartography of the annual concentration

Author

De Fouquet, Chantal, Gallois, David, Perron, Gilles, Centre de Géosciences (GEOSCIENCES), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Association pour la Surveillance et l'Etude de la Pollution Atmosphérique en Alsace (ASPA), and Agence de surveillance de la qualité de l’air (ASPA)

Subjects
[STAT.AP]Statistics [stat]/Applications [stat.AP], [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2007

14. Geostatistical characterization of the nitrogen dioxide concentration in an urban area. Part II: Time component of the estimation error

Author

De Fouquet, Chantal, Gallois, David, Perron, Gilles, Centre de Géosciences (GEOSCIENCES), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Association pour la Surveillance et l'Etude de la Pollution Atmosphérique en Alsace (ASPA), and Agence de surveillance de la qualité de l’air (ASPA)

Subjects
[STAT.AP]Statistics [stat]/Applications [stat.AP], [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2007

15. Air pollution mapping : relationship between satellite- made observations and air quality parameters

Author

Anthony Ung, Lucien Wald, Thierry Ranchin, Christiane Weber, Jacky Hirsch, Gilles Perron, Joseph Kleinpeter, Centre Énergétique et Procédés (CEP), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), CEP/Sophia, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Image et ville (IV), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Association pour la Surveillance et l'Etude de la Pollution Atmosphérique en Alsace (ASPA), Agence de surveillance de la qualité de l’air (ASPA), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-PSL Research University (PSL), and MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-PSL Research University (PSL)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-PSL Research University (PSL)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, remote sensing, reflectance, correlation, air pollution, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, radiometric calibration
Abstract

International audience; The mapping of air quality over the city of Strasbourg and its vicinity requires an increase of the number of measurements aiming at spatializing information about air pollutants concentrations. A methodology based on a multisource approach for mapping air pollutants concentrations over the city was presented in previous communications. One step of the methodology is the estimation of pollutants concentrations by remote sensing techniques. This paper investigates the strength of linear relationship between satellite-made observations and air quality parameters. Multidate correlations were calculated between reflectances measured by Landsat satellite and measurements of the various pollutants. Those measurements are concentrations of pollutants on a daily average basis, or for the time of image acquisition, or on a basis of average of several hours before the image acquisition. The results add evidence on linear correlation between air quality parameters and satellite measurements not only in thermal infrared range but also in the infrared range.

Published
2003

16. Urban morphology and atmospheric pollutants distribution

Author

Christiane Weber, Jacky Hirsch, Thierry Ranchin, Lucien Wald, Anthony Ung, Gilles Perron, Joseph Kleinpeter, Image et ville (IV), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Énergétique et Procédés (CEP), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), CEP/Sophia, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Association pour la Surveillance et l'Etude de la Pollution Atmosphérique en Alsace (ASPA), Agence de surveillance de la qualité de l’air (ASPA), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-PSL Research University (PSL), and MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-PSL Research University (PSL)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-PSL Research University (PSL)

Subjects
remote sensing, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, measurement, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, GIS, air quality, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, urban area
Abstract

International audience; Influence of urban forms on pollutants distribution is presently investigated in urban atmospheric pollution researches. This multi-scale problem is generally studied on a single sclae (local, meso or global) but seldom considering the total effect of network and urban units together. The articulation of several scales of pollutant observations (point measurement, streets, and urban area) is a particularly of the present work. Two objectives are defined: - precisely define the morphological elements which influence the pollutant distribution; - spatialize the measurements with the help of satellite data, taking benefits from previous results. This research project allows the combination of different scales, different methods and modeling approaches on streets and on the total urban area through different geographical data integration (GIS and Remote sensing). The point measurement sites were also reviewed according the morphological indicators designed through GIS applications. The BD(c)TOPO-IGN allows extraction of heights, surfaces and volumes on the urban area, which are injected in pollution modeling, and used for qualifying the point measurement sites. These morphological indicators are associated to dominant winds (frequencies and charges) and studied in order to highlight the difference between proximity pollution and "day to day" one. Such indicators need to be developed and tested in diverse situations to enhance the typology of measurement sites and strengthen their representativity.

Published
2002

17. Air pollution mapping over a city – virtual stations and morphological indicators

Author

Anthony Ung, Christiane Weber, Gilles Perron, Jacky Hirsch, Joseph Kleinpeter, Lucien Wald, Thierry Ranchin, Centre Énergétique et Procédés (CEP), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Image et ville (IV), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Association pour la Surveillance et l'Etude de la Pollution Atmosphérique en Alsace (ASPA), Agence de surveillance de la qualité de l’air (ASPA), CEP/Sophia, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-PSL Research University (PSL), and MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-PSL Research University (PSL)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-PSL Research University (PSL)

Subjects
[INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract

Air quality is a major concern in many large cities of the world, where people and sources of pollution are concentrated in the same place. Most cities have acquired a surveillance network of air pollution. But the cost of these networks is high and limits the knowledge of pollutant concentration to specific points of the town. Presently practitioners generate maps of concentration in pollutants by mean of interpolating and extrapolation methods, such as thin plate or kriging methods. Those methods are familiar and their quality depends on the number of input parameters. Other tools by modeling pollutant dispersion exist but turn to be insufficient and are not validated yet. Based on a multi-sources approach, this paper presents a methodology for the mapping of pollutant concentrations over the city of Strasbourg and its vicinity. Sources related to air pollution and urban shapes and morphology are exploited to densify the number of pollution data used for a mapping by interpolation. Several terms are introduced: “identity card of a measuring station”, “morphological indicators”, “pseudostation” and “virtual station”.

Published
2001

18. Urban fabric and measures of variability: neighborhood effects on proximity pollution

Author

Weber, Christiane, Hirsch, Jacky, Schnell, Laurent, Perron, Gilles, Kleinpeter, Joseph, Ranchin, Thierry, Image et ville (IV), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Association pour la Surveillance et l'Etude de la Pollution Atmosphérique en Alsace (ASPA), Agence de surveillance de la qualité de l’air (ASPA), Centre Énergétique et Procédés (CEP), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)

Subjects
[SPI.ENERG]Engineering Sciences [physics]/domain_spi.energ
Abstract

International audience; This paper reflects the work achieved for demonstrating potential influences of geometric features on atmospheric polluant distribution over metropolitan's area. (...)

Published
2001

19. Urban morphology, remote sensing and pollutants distribution: An application to the city of Strasbourg, France

Author

Christiane Weber, Jacky Hirsch, Gilles Perron, Joseph Kleinpeter, Thierry Ranchin, Anthony Ung, Lucien Wald, Image et ville (IV), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Association pour la Surveillance et l'Etude de la Pollution Atmosphérique en Alsace (ASPA), Agence de surveillance de la qualité de l’air (ASPA), Centre Énergétique et Procédés (CEP), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), CEP/Sophia, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-PSL Research University (PSL), and MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-PSL Research University (PSL)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-PSL Research University (PSL)

Subjects
[SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography
Abstract

International audience; This paper reflects the work achieved for demonstrating the potentialities of Earth Observation data for the knowledge of the atmospheric pollutants concentration fields over metropolitan areas. The interaction of several scales of pollutant observations (points-measurements, streets and urban area) is a particularity of the present work. It is applied to the city of Strasbourg, France. Its objectives are to precisely define the morphological elements which influence the pollutant distribution, and spatialize the measurements with the help of satellite data, taking benefits from previous results.

Published
2001

20. Satellite data for the air pollution mapping over a city – The use of virtual stations

Author

Anthony Ung, Lucien Wald, Thierry Ranchin, Christiane Weber, Jacky Hirsch, Gilles Perron, Joseph Kleinpeter, Centre Énergétique et Procédés (CEP), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), CEP/Sophia, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Image et ville (IV), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Association pour la Surveillance et l'Etude de la Pollution Atmosphérique en Alsace (ASPA), Agence de surveillance de la qualité de l’air (ASPA), Gérard Begni, MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-PSL Research University (PSL), and MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-PSL Research University (PSL)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-PSL Research University (PSL)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography
Abstract

International audience; Atmospheric pollution becomes a critical factor of anticipated deaths, which concerns ambient air quality as well as air quality in houses and places of work. For the well being of human and for the population information, we need to evaluate the actual exposure of persons to ambient pollution. One way to perform it is to evaluate the space time budget of air pollution exposition. Hence an information on the spatial distribution of pollutant concentrations is required. Several tools exist; most of them provide maps of pollutant concentrations but over a regional scale with a grid of 1 km, which is insufficient. Measuring stations, scarcely distributed in the city, provide a complete surveillance but their costs limit the knowledge of pollutant concentration to specific points of the city. To overcome this problem, several notions are defined: “identity card of a measuring station”, “pseudostation” and “virtual station”. Based on a multi-sources approach, this paper presents a methodology using remotely sensed data for the mapping of pollutant concentrations over a city.

Published
2001

21. Cartographie de la pollution de l'air : une nouvelle approche basée sur la télédétection et les bases de données géographiques. Application à la ville de Strasbourg

Author

Anthony Ung, Thierry Ranchin, Lucien Wald, Christiane Weber, Jacky Hirsch, Gilles Perron, Joseph Kleinpeter, Centre Énergétique et Procédés (CEP), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), CEP/Sophia, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Image et ville (IV), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Association pour la Surveillance et l'Etude de la Pollution Atmosphérique en Alsace (ASPA), Agence de surveillance de la qualité de l’air (ASPA), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-PSL Research University (PSL), and MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-PSL Research University (PSL)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-PSL Research University (PSL)

Subjects
images, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, satellites, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, mesures, télédétection, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, aérosols, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, stations
Abstract

International audience; La qualité de l'air dans les villes est devenue une préoccupation majeure en France, en Europe et dans le monde. Les villes concentrent la majorité des populations et des sources de pollution. Elles sont un objet d'étude privilégié pour l'évaluation des pollutions, de leur influence sur la santé et des solutions proposées pour la réduction des polluants. En France, toutes les villes de plus de 100 000 habitants doivent etre équipées d'un réseau de surveillance de la qualité de l'air. Les coûts d'installation, d'entretien et de gestion de ces réseaux sont importants et limitent le nombre de stations de mesures installées. A partir de ces quelques points de mesures, des cartes de concentration en polluants sont générées de mani…re routini…re par des méthodes d'interpolation et d'extrapolation, comme les plaques minces ou les méthodes basées sur le krigeage. Les résultats dépendent grandement du nombre de mesures. Basée sur une approche multi-sources, cet article présente une méthodologie pour la cartographie des concentrations de polluants. Cette méthodologie s'appuie sur la définition de pseudostations et de stations virtuelles de mesures à l'aide d'images satellitaires et d'une base de données géographiques. Les pseudostations sont des lieux de la ville présentant des caractéristiques spatiales, structurales, morphologiques et des signatures spectrales similaires aux emplacements des stations de mesures réelles. Les signatures spectrales similaires à celles des stations réelles sont recherchées dans une série d'images Landsat. Puis des indices morphologiques calculés à partir de la base de données géographiques BD TOPO sont utilisés pour restreindre le nombre de pseudostations. Ces pseudostations sont alors utilisées pour déterminer les stations virtuelles qui permettent d'affecter une concentration de polluants en ce point de la ville. La densification du nombre de points de mesures (réels et virtuels) permet de calculer une nouvelle cartographie des concentrations de polluants. Une illustration partielle de cette méthodologie est proposée pour la ville de Strasbourg. Une campagne de mesures utilisant des moyens de mesures mobiles en juin 2002 fournira les moyens de valider l'approche.

Published
2000

22. Multiresolution analysis for air pollution mapping over a city - Typical fields methods

Author

Anne-Lise Beaulant, Lucien Wald, Chrisitane Weber, Gilles Perron, Joseph Kleinpeter, Association pour la Surveillance et l'Etude de la Pollution Atmosphérique en Alsace (ASPA), Agence de surveillance de la qualité de l’air (ASPA), CEP/Sophia, Centre Énergétique et Procédés (CEP), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Image et ville (IV), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-PSL Research University (PSL), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-PSL Research University (PSL)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris-PSL Research University (PSL), Laboratoire Image et Ville, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, Association pour la Surveillance et l'étude de la Pollution atmosphérique en Alsace (ASPA), and Association pour la Surveillance et l'étude de la Pollution atmosphérique en Alsace

Subjects
[SPI.OTHER]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Other, Hardware_MEMORYSTRUCTURES, exposition individuelle, personal exposure, qualité de l'air, aire urbaine, Modelisation, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, Hardware_CONTROLSTRUCTURESANDMICROPROGRAMMING, spatialisation, air quality, urban area
Abstract

The sanitary impact of atmospheric pollution is becoming a major problem of public health in European cities. To estimate citizens exposure and take action accordingly, authorities in charge of monitoring air quality need to know the spatial distribution of pollutants concentration at any time and any place in the city. Several data sets are available from local to regional scale. But either the resolution is too coarse to represent structures of the concentration field at the local scale and models do not cover the area of interest. The method proposed, the “typical fields method”, exploits all available data sets putting emphasis on scales and coherence between information. A typical field is defined as the ensemble of spatial structures of a field for all scales described and for a given meteorological situation.

23. Is Traffic Still an Important Emitter of Monoaromatic Organic Compounds in European Urban Areas?

Author

Borbon A, Boynard A, Salameh T, Baudic A, Gros V, Gauduin J, Perrussel O, and Pallares C

Subjects
Cities, Environmental Monitoring, London, Vehicle Emissions, Air Pollutants
Abstract

Trends of long-term observations and emission inventories suggest that traffic emissions will no longer dominate the concentrations of monoaromatic compounds (i.e., TEX - toluene, xylenes, and ethylbenzene) in European urban areas. But the split limit between traffic and other emission sector contributions such as solvent use remains tenuous. Here long-term observations of an extensive set of hydrocarbons, including TEX, at traffic and urban background sites in London, Paris and Strasbourg were combined to estimate the relative importance of traffic emissions on TEX in every city. When analyzing the urban enhancement emission ratios of TEX-to-benzene on a seasonal basis, two potential source signatures other than traffic could be differentiated in all cities (1) summertime evaporation from fuel and/or solvent and (2) wintertime domestic heating. However, traffic emissions still unambiguously dominate the concentration levels of TEX in every city despite the reduction of their emissions at exhaust pipe over the last two decades. Traffic explains between 60% and 96% (at ±20%) of TEX levels while it is less clear for xylenes at some locations. Our results provide a basis to evaluate regional emission inventories. The method is applicable at any urban area where speciated hydrocarbon monitoring is available.

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results