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Ctenochauliodes van der Weele is an oriental endemic fishfly genus (Megaloptera: Corydalidae: Chauliodinae), currently with 13 species. Here, we report a new species of Ctenochauliodes, namely Ctenochauliodes denticulatus sp. nov., from central Vietnam. The new species is featured by the specialised male gonocoxites 11, which bear a pair of robust, clavate gonostyli 11. An updated key to the species of Ctenochauliodes is also given.

The study of the collection of Neuropterida mantained at the Museo Civico di Scienze Naturali “E. Caffi "of Bergamo allowed to add a considerable amount of new data to the recent Checklist of the Italian Fauna of these insects: in particular, Chrysopa gibeauxi is reported as new for Italy, Phaeostigma galloitalicum and Chrysopa walkeri for Umbria, Chrysoperla lucasina and Nevrorthus iridipennis for Basilicata, Chrysopidia ciliata and Drepanepteryx phalaenoides for Liguria, Nineta inpunctata, Megalomus tineoides and Sympherobius fuscescens for Calabria, Cunctochrysa albolineata and Megalomus tortricoides for Tuscany, Micromus lanosus for Piemonte, Sympherobius elegans for Lombardy and Umbria, Sympherobius luqueti for Friuli Venezia Giulia, Sisyra nigra for Friuli Venezia Giulia and Tuscany, plus the confirmation for Umbria, as for Ornatoraphidia flavilabris, while Chrysoperla pallida is confirmed in Liguria and Wesmaelius nervosus in Puglia; finally Hypochrysa elegans is again mentioned for Lombardy after more than a century.

This study presents new data on the lacewing fauna of Saudi Arabia based on field work performed between 2014 and 2019. Sixty-one lacewing species from 37 genera and seven Neuroptera families were documented. Additionally, two species belonging to Dielocroce and Pseudomallada were identified only to genus level. Three of the identified species are new records to Saudi Arabia (Aspoeckiella gallagheri Hölzel, 2004, Bankisus maculosus Hölzel, 1983, and Nemoleon secundus Hölzel, 2002). Another three species are new to the fauna of the Arabian Peninsula (Mantispa aphavexelte Aspöck & Aspöck, 1994, Omoleon jeanneli Navás, 1936, and Stylascalaphus krueperi van der Weele, 1909). The first reports of eight species are provided after their original description from Saudi Arabia; namely, Creoleon ultimus Hölzel, 983, Cueta amseli Hölzel, 1982, Cu. asirica Hölzel, 1982, Distoleon asiricus Hölzel, 1983, Geyria pallida Hölzel, 1983, Neuroleon delicatus Hölzel, 1983, N. virgineus Hölzel, 1983 and Solter buettikeri Hölzel, 1982 Zoogeographically, most lacewing species documented in the Arabian Peninsula are endemic (26.2%), followed by Afro-syroeremic (23.0%), Afrotropical (18.0%), and Afro-syro-iranoeremic (14.8%) species. Palaearctic species (4.9%) had the lowest contribution.

Two Hundreds & Two Noughts. In the first twenty years of the publication of Zootaxa, more than two hundred papers have appeared in this journal that address the Neuropterida, which collectively includes the [Neuroptera+Raphidioptera]+Megaloptera sections (initially “Minor orders” section). A dozen submitted manuscripts were rejected before the review process, and another dozen submissions were rejected following the peer review process. Additional content and general submission history of these contributions is summarized here. These various contributions highlight the growing body of research on the Neuropterida and the importance of Zootaxa as a key journal for publishing and disseminating this research.

The presence of Fibla maclachlani (Albarda, 1891) (Raphidioptera, Inocelliidae) has been recorded in Tuscany (central Italy) since 2005 according to information derived from both a biodiversity survey project and citizen science activities. The species, whose natural distribution includes the three main islands of central Mediterranean--Corsica, Sardinia, and Sicily--was most likely introduced into Tuscany through the raw cork trade from Sardinia. Further molecular comparative analyses are needed to confirm this hypothesis. This would be the first case of human-mediated jump dispersal in this family and a rare example of upstream colonization from island to continent. Two isolated records of F. maclachlani, an old (1905) and a very recent one (2018), are also reported from Calabria. The presence of F. maclachlani in Calabria remains unclear, the most reliable hypotheses are either the natural presence of the species at low population density or its introduction from Sicily at some point. The non-native populations of F. maclachlani currently coexist in the Italian peninsula in sympatry with the native inocelliid Parainocellia bicolor (A. Costa, 1855), a condition otherwise unknown among European species of this family. Future interactions between the two species are unpredictable.

Il Museo di Storia Naturale della Maremma è attivo da alcuni anni nel campo della Citizen Science a livello toscano, nazionale e internazionale. Tra i soggetti fondatori della Associazione Europea di Citizen Science (ECSA), ha promosso incontri per una strategia nazionale di Citizen Science in Italia, ha partecipato attivamente alla stesura di linee guida nazionali sul tema e propone progetti di Citizen Science sul territorio toscano e delle regioni vicine. I BioBlitz sono una delle attività più note nell'ambito della Citizen Science ambientale. Nel maggio 2016 il Museo ha organizzato il proprio quarto BioBlitz presso la Zona di Protezione Speciale Lago dell'Accesa. In questa occasione sono stati raccolti dati attestanti la presenza di 784 entità tassonomiche diverse, di cui 678 sono state identificate a livello di specie e 18 a livello di sottospecie. Sono state individuate 19 specie aliene e 2 specie endemiche. Nell'area sono state rilevate 39 specie protette da leggi nazionali o internazionali e 13 specie a rischio estinzione. L'area si è confermata essere un importante hotspot per la biodiversità; futuri piani di utilizzo e valorizzazione dovranno essere sviluppati tenendo in debita considerazione la ricchezza e la fragilità in termini conservazionistici degli habitat prossimi al lago.

Il crescente interesse verso le emergenti crisi ambientali ha aumentato il livello di attenzione del pubblico e la disponibilità a prendere parte a progetti di scienza partecipata, comunemente definiti con il termine "Citizen Science". Questo fenomeno è riscontrabile a livello globale in molti contesti nazionali, con una prevalenza nei paesi anglofoni e maggiormente industrializzati. In campo naturalistico la crescente richiesta di coinvolgimento da parte del pubblico è stata declinata in molti modi diversi, con soluzioni mirate a fornire strumenti conoscitivi e partecipativi. Tra questi, uno dei più noti è il BioBlitz, un evento di 24 ore realizzato in uno specifico luogo, con lo scopo di elencare il maggior numero possibile di specie viventi. Nel presente lavoro si presentano i dati raccolti durante i primi due BioBlitz organizzati dal Museo di Sto- ria Naturale della Maremma nel 2013 e nel 2014. Entrambi sono stati realizzati nell'area dell'Oasi San Felice, in prossimità del tratto terminale del Fosso San Leopoldo. Durante i BioBlitz sono stati raccolti dati attestanti la presenza di 616 entità tassonomiche diverse, di cui 507 sono state identificate a livello di specie e 22 a livello di sottospecie. Le rimanenti sono riferibili a livelli tassonomici superiori. Sono state individuate 11 specie aliene, 1 specie endemica, 33 specie protette da leggi e/o direttive nazionali ed internazionali e 9 specie a rischio estinzione.

Il presente lavoro riporta i risultati del BioBlitz organizzato dal Museo di Storia Naturale della Maremma nel maggio 2015 all'interno del Sito di Importanza Regionale "Torrente Trasubbie". Questa attività rientra nell'ambito degli eventi di coinvolgimento del pubblico nella raccolta di dati scientifici che il Museo organizza su base regolare. Durante il BioBlitz 2015 sono stati raccolti dati attestanti la presenza di 652 entità tassonomiche diverse, di cui 562 sono state identificate a livello di specie e 32 a livello di sottospecie. Le rimanenti sono state identificate a livelli tassonomici superiori. Sono state individuate 13 specie aliene e 4 specie endemiche. Nell'area sono state rilevate inoltre 53 specie protette da leggi internazionali o nazionali e 17 specie a rischio estinzione. Il SIR Trasubbie è un'area estremamente interessante sotto il profilo naturalistico, ma estremamente vulnerabile per la sua elevata dinamicità legata al regime torrentizio dell'omonimo corso d'acqua e suscettibile ai cambiamenti di uso del suolo delle aree circostanti. I dati raccolti confermano l'elevata importanza di questa porzione di territorio a livello sia di habitat, sia di singole specie. I dati rilevati in collaborazione con i cittadini partecipanti assumono un valore ancora maggiore, in quanto parte delle attività svolte dalla comunità

The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) commits its 196 nation parties to conserve biological diversity, use its components sustainably, and share fairly and equitably the benefits from the utilization of genetic resources. The last of these objectives was further codified in the Convention's Nagoya Protocol (NP), which came into effect in 2014. Although these aspirations are laudable, the NP and resulting national ambitions on Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) of genetic resources have generated several national regulatory regimes fraught with unintended consequences (1). Anticipated benefits from the commercial use of genetic resources, especially those that might flow to local or indigenous communities because of regulated access to those resources, have largely been exaggerated and not yet realized. Instead, national regulations created in anticipation of commercial benefits, particularly in many countries that are rich in biodiversity, have curtailed biodiversity research by in-country scientists as well as international collaboration (1). This weakens the first and foremost objective of the CBD—conservation of biological diversity. We suggest ways that the Conference of the Parties (CoP) of the CBD may proactively engage scientists to create a regulatory environment conducive to advancing biodiversity science. Fil: Divakaran Prathapan, K.. Kerala Agricultural University; India Fil: Pethiyagoda, Rohan. Australian Museum; Australia Fil: Bawa, Kamaljit S.. University of Massachussets; Estados Unidos Fil: Raven, Peter H.. Missouri Botanical Garden; Estados Unidos Fil: Rajan, Priyadarsanan Dharma. Ashoka Trust For Research In Ecology And The Environment; India Fil: Acosta, Luis Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal; Argentina Fil: Avila, Luciano Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto Patagónico para el Estudio de los Ecosistemas Continentales; Argentina Fil: Baldo, Juan Diego. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas; Argentina Fil: Crespo, Francisco Antonio. Dirección Nacional de Institutos de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud. Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico e Investigaciones Endemo-epidémicas; Argentina Fil: Pérez González, Abel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”; Argentina Fil: Ramirez, Martin Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”; Argentina Fil: Sidorchuk, Ekaterina. Russian Academy of Sciences; Rusia Fil: Svavarsson, Jörundur. University of Iceland; Islandia Fil: Twomey, Evan. Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul; Brasil Fil: Vasudevan, Karthikeyan. Centre For Cellular And Molecular Biology India; India Fil: Vences, Miguel. Technische Universität Braunschweig; Alemania Fil: de Voogd, Nicole. Naturalis Biodiversity Center; Países Bajos Fil: Wang, Qiao. Massey University; Nueva Zelanda Fil: Watson, Gillian W.. California Department of Food and Agriculture; Estados Unidos Fil: Weiner, Wanda M.. Polish Academy of Sciences; Argentina Fil: Wesener, Thomas. Zoological Research Museum A. Koenig; Alemania. Institute for Terrestrial Biodiversity; Alemania Fil: Whitmore, Daniel. Natural History Museum; Reino Unido Fil: Wiklund, Helena. Natural History Museum; Reino Unido Fil: Williams, Paul H.. Natural History Museum; Reino Unido Fil: Winterton, Shaun L.. California Department of Food and Agriculture; Estados Unidos Fil: Wood, Timothy S.. Wright State University; Estados Unidos Fil: Yen, Shen Horn. National Sun Yat-sen University Taiwan; República de China Fil: Zaher, Hussam. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil Fil: Zhang, Z. Q.. Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research; Nueva Zelanda Fil: Zhou, Hong Zhang. Chinese Academy of Sciences; República de China

Apricot is one of the least sensitive stone fruit to aphids, but infestations of the mealy plum aphid may commercially damage fruits ready to harvest. Management of aphid infestations in organic orchard should also consider enhancing beneficial insects and limiting aphid species hard to control (wax-protected aphids). Green lacewings management through lures should represent a potential way to enhance the efficiency of this generalist predator against aphids. To evaluate this strategy, tests were performed in the frame of the P.O.N. BRIMET project (cod. MIUR 12929), between 2005 and 2007, in organic orchards in Southern Italy, near Nova Siri Marina (MT). Experimental design was used to assess attractiveness of a mixture of phenylacetaldehyde, methylsalicylate and acetic acid, and to evaluate the influence on oviposition of green lacewings. The experimental field was parcelled out into two similar lots, one of which with the lure in the central area. Trials on apricot were compared to the results obtained in peach orchards of the Centro di Ricerca per la Frutticoltura, near Rome. Results prove the attractiveness of this chemical lure towards Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens), but with a slight increase of oviposition in the apricot parcel with tested substances through the years. Only in 2007 we could measure an evident increase of oviposition on apricot trees. Better results were achieved on peach orchard where we could notice a more complex entomofauna. On apricot, the aphid presence can be assumed as a key factor for lacewings oviposition, and the presence of this lure as a secondary factor for a higher oviposition rate. Further basic researches on lacewings oviposition strategies are evidenced; moreover, an on-time application of lures upon the early symptoms of aphid infestations could represent the best application strategies to enhance natural population of lacewings on field.

Quantitative surveys of the chrysopid fauna from southwestern Europe, namely the Iberian and Italian peninsulas, France south of 46° N, and the west-Mediterranean Islands, were analysed. A total of 56 species of Chrysopidae were reported, of which three species were abundant. These, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens, 1836) sensu lato, Dichochrysa prasina (Burmeister, 1839) and D. flavifrons (Brauer, 1850), comprised a large percentage of the specimens. For the rarer species, comments are made on their distributions, the enhanced geographic range of exotic ones, and on levels of endemism and stenotopy.

Fauna Europaea provides a public web-service with an index of scientific names of all living European land and freshwater animals, their geographical distribution at country level (up to the Urals, excluding the Caucasus region), and some additional information. The Fauna Europaea project covers about 230,000 taxonomic names, including 130,000 accepted species and 14,000 accepted subspecies, which is much more than the originally projected number of 100,000 species. This represents a huge effort by more than 400 contributing specialists throughout Europe and is a unique (standard) reference suitable for many users in science, government, industry, nature conservation and education. For Neuropterida, data from three Insect orders (Raphidioptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera), comprising 15 families and 397 species, are included.

Keywords. Neuroptera, Chrysopidae, Chrysoperla, green lacewings, attractant, phenylacetaldehyde Abstract. At five sites in Hungary and Italy, traps baited with phenylacetaldehyde caught significantly higher numbers (10 to 100 times more) of green lacewings than unbaited traps, which demonstrates that this compound is an attractant. Traps with three bait dispensers usually caught more than those with one dispenser, but the difference was significant only at two out of five test sites. There was no difference in the numbers caught by sticky delta and funnel traps baited with phenylacetaldehyde. However, funnel traps could be adapted to catch living green lacewings. The vast majority of the specimens belonged to the Chrysoperla carnea spe- cies complex. Ch. carnea sensu lato dominated the catches at all sites. At some sites 3-11% of the insects caught were Ch. lucasina Lacroix. Phenylacetaldehyde-baited traps were attractive to both sexes, but generally more females were caught than males. Funnel traps baited with three dispensers of phenylacetaldehyde caught green lacewing adults throughout the season in Hungary.

Sicily, the largest Mediterranean island, is surrounded by many small islands (Aeolian Islands, Ustica, Aegadian Islands, Pantelleria, Linosa, Lampedusa, Maltese Islands), some of which forming archipelagoes. The authors, after a historical sketch of the research on Neuropterida in Sicily (sensu lato), analyze the biodiversity of the area, highlighting the species richness and providing an up-to-date check-list. The lack of knowledge on some of the most paradigmatic communities of Neuropterida is discussed in relation to their various habitats. The distributional patterns of Sicilian Neuropterida are interpreted in order to obtain a biogeographical characterization of the area. It is confirmed that the location of Sicily and its surrounding islands forms a bridge between north and south and a door from the W Mediterranean region to the oriental Mediterranean basin.

L'Agenda Strategica della Ricerca (ASR) riporta una panoramica completa delle priorità di ricerca e sviluppo in agricoltura biologica nel nostro paese in una prospettiva strategica ed in coerenza con quelle definite in sede europea dalla Strategic Research Agenda della Piattaforma TP Organics. L'Agenda Strategica della Ricerca individua 3 aree e 13 tematiche prioritarie a cui afferiscono 71 Temi specifici di ricerca, che investono ampi campi d'indagini con promettenti ricadute sia sul lato economico che in termini di sostenibilità, tenendo in considerazione il valore dell'agricoltura biologica anche in ragione della salvaguardia di un bene comune. In base alle considerazioni riportate, l'Agenda Strategica della Ricerca di PTBio Italia intende fornire un contributo efficace per affrontare le vaste problematiche che investono l'intero complesso agroalimentare, ritenendo che la ricerca e l'innovazione nel campo dell'agricoltura biologica aiuti anche allo sviluppo di un sistema di produzione a ridotto impatto ambientale e con minor uso di risorse, alla produzione di alimenti sicuri e di alta qualità, alla crescita di un sistema agroalimentare valido, dinamico e sostenibile ed alla diffusione di comportamenti alimentari più sani. Questo avrà ricadute importanti sulle grandi sfide globali del prossimo decennio e che riguardano l'insicurezza alimentare, l'obesità, la qualità e la salubrità del cibo, i cambiamenti climatici, la perdita della biodiversità, la degradazione del suolo e la ridotta disponibilità d'acqua.

Spermatozoa from members of Hemerobiidae, Chrysopidae and Mantispidae (Arthropoda; Hexapoda: Neuroptera) have been examined by electron microscopy. In all species examined, the nucleus is surrounded by a nuclear envelope that in its anterior domain, fans out laterally into one (Chrysopidae) or two wings (Hemerobiidae and Mantispidae). Furthermore, the anterior sperm region is surrounded by external dense material. In Mantispidae, sperm dimorphism with two types of spermatozoa is also confirmed: paraspermatozoa (not fertilizing), provided with giant axoneme and mitochondrial derivatives, and euspermatozoa (fertilizing). Spermatozoa of Chrysopidae and Mantispidae are characterized by the lack of an acrosome while sperm cells of Hemerobiidae are provided with a bilayered acrosome. Spermatozoa from all the investigated species have axonemes of the conventional insect type, with a 9+9+2 microtubular pattern and with accessory tubules provided with 16 protofilaments. In all the examined taxa the intertubular material has the same localization also observed in all other previously analysed Neuroptera. The mitochondrial derivatives and the accessory bodies in the three families are also described. Hemerobiidae are characterized by the presence of a large groove of the plasma membrane along the right side of the anterior sperm region, which results in an eccentric position of the axoneme. Chrysopidae have large mitochondrial derivatives, which encircle the axoneme. The peculiar feature regarding the nuclear envelope was not seen in other members of neuropteroid insects. These data are discussed in the light of the phylogenetic relationships of the taxa examined.

In field trapping tests, the catch of Chrysoperla carnea sensu lato (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) increased when acetic acid was added to lures with phenylacetaldehyde. The addition of methyl salicylate to the binary mixture of phenylacetaldehyde plus acetic acid increased catches even further. The ternary blend proved to be more attractive than beta-caryophyllene, 2-phenylethanol, or 3-methyl eugenol (compounds previously described as attractants for chrysopids) on their own, and no influence on catches was recorded when these compounds were added as fourth components to the ternary blend. There were minimal changes in activity when (E)-cinnamaldehyde or methyl anthranylate (both evoking large responses from female or male antennae of C. carnea in this study) were added, although both compounds showed significant attraction on their own when compared to unbaited traps. In subtractive field bioassays with the ternary mixture, it appeared that the presence of either phenylacetaldehyde or methyl salicylate was important, whereas acetic acid was less so in the ternary mixture. The ternary blend attracted both female and male lacewings at sites in southern, central, and northern Europe. Possible applications of a synthetic attractant for lacewings are discussed.