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1. Heterozygous Variants in KDM4B Lead to Global Developmental Delay and Neuroanatomical Defects

Author

Duncan, A.R. (Anna R.), Vitobello, A. (Antonio), Collins, S.C. (Stephan C.), Vancollie, V.E. (Valerie E.), Lelliott, C.J. (Christopher J.), Rodan, L. (Lance), Shi, J. (Jiahai), Seman, A.R. (Ann R.), Agolini, E. (Emanuele), Novelli, A. (Antonio), Prontera, P. (Paolo), Guillen Sacoto, M.J. (Maria J.), Santiago-Sim, T. (Teresa), Trimouille, A. (Aurélien), Goizet, C. (Cyril), Nizon, M. (Mathilde), Bruel, A.-L. (Ange-Line), Philippe, C. (Christophe), Grant, P.E. (Patricia E.), Wojcik, M.H. (Monica H.), Stoler, J. (Joan), Genetti, C.A. (Casie A.), Dooren, M.F. (Marieke) van, Maas, S.M. (Saskia), Alders, M. (Mariëlle), Faivre, L. (Laurence), Sorlin, A. (Arthur), Yoon, G. (Grace), Yalcin, B. (Binnaz), Agrawal, P.B. (Pankaj B.), Duncan, A.R. (Anna R.), Vitobello, A. (Antonio), Collins, S.C. (Stephan C.), Vancollie, V.E. (Valerie E.), Lelliott, C.J. (Christopher J.), Rodan, L. (Lance), Shi, J. (Jiahai), Seman, A.R. (Ann R.), Agolini, E. (Emanuele), Novelli, A. (Antonio), Prontera, P. (Paolo), Guillen Sacoto, M.J. (Maria J.), Santiago-Sim, T. (Teresa), Trimouille, A. (Aurélien), Goizet, C. (Cyril), Nizon, M. (Mathilde), Bruel, A.-L. (Ange-Line), Philippe, C. (Christophe), Grant, P.E. (Patricia E.), Wojcik, M.H. (Monica H.), Stoler, J. (Joan), Genetti, C.A. (Casie A.), Dooren, M.F. (Marieke) van, Maas, S.M. (Saskia), Alders, M. (Mariëlle), Faivre, L. (Laurence), Sorlin, A. (Arthur), Yoon, G. (Grace), Yalcin, B. (Binnaz), and Agrawal, P.B. (Pankaj B.)

Abstract

KDM4B is a lysine-specific demethylase with a preferential activity on H3K9 tri/di-methylation (H3K9me3/2)-modified histones. H3K9 tri/di-demethylation is an important epigenetic mechanism responsible for silencing of gene expression in animal development and cancer. However, the role of KDM4B on human development is still poorly characterized. Through international data sharing, we gathered a cohort of nine individuals with mono-allelic de novo or inherited variants in KDM4B. All individuals presented with dysmorphic features and global developmental delay (GDD) with language and motor skills most affected. Three individuals had a history of seizures, and four had anomalies on brain imaging ranging from agenesis of the corpus callosum with hydrocephalus to cystic formations, abnormal hippocampi, and polymicrogyria. In mice, lysine demethylase 4B is expressed during brain development with high levels in the hippocampus, a region important for learning and memory. To understand how KDM4B variants can lead to GDD in humans, we assessed the effect of KDM4B disruption on brain anatomy and behavior through an in vivo heterozygous mouse model (Kdm4b+/-), focusing on neuroanatomical changes. In mutant mice, the total brain volume was significantly reduced with decreased size of the hippocampal dentate gyrus, partial agenesis of the corpus callosum, and ventriculomegaly. This report demonstrates that variants in KDM4B are associated with GDD/ intellectual disability and neuroanatomical defects. Our findings suggest that KDM4B variation leads to a chromatinopathy, broadening the spectrum of this group of Mendelian disorders caused by alterations in epigenetic machinery.

Published
2020
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2. De Novo Mutations in Protein Kinase Genes CAMK2A and CAMK2B Cause Intellectual Disability

Author

Küry, S. (Sébastien), Woerden, G.M. (Geeske) van, Besnard, T. (Thomas), Proietti-Onori, M. (Martina), Latypova, X. (Xénia), Towne, M.C. (Meghan C.), Cho, M.T. (Megan T.), Prescott, T. (Trine), Ploeg, M.A. (Melissa), Sanders, S. (Stephan), Stessman, H.A.F. (Holly A F), Pujol, A. (Aurora), Distel, B. (Ben), Robak, L.A. (Laurie A.), Bernstein, J.A. (Jonathan A.), Denommé-Pichon, A.-S. (Anne-Sophie), Lesca, G. (Gaëtan), Sellars, E.A. (Elizabeth A.), Berg, J. (Jonathan), Carré, W. (Wilfrid), Busk, ØL. (Øyvind Løvold), Bon, B. (Bregje) van, Waugh, J.L. (Jeff L.), Deardorff, M.A. (Matthew), Hoganson, G.E. (George E.), Bosanko, K.B. (Katherine B.), Johnson, D.S. (Diana S.), Dabir, T. (Tabib), Holla, ØL. (Øystein Lunde), Sarkar, A. (Ajoy), Tveten, K. (Kristian), de Bellescize, J. (Julitta), Braathen, G.J. (Geir J.), Terhal, P. (Paulien), Grange, D.K. (Dorothy K.), Haeringen, A. (Arie) van, Lam, C. (Christina), Mirzaa, G.M. (Ghayda), Burton, J. (Jennifer), Bhoj, E.J. (Elizabeth J.), Douglas, J. (Jessica), Santani, A.B. (Avni B.), Nesbitt, A.I. (Addie I.), Helbig, K.L. (Katherine L.), Andrews, M.V. (Marisa V.), Begtrup, A. (Amber), Tang, S. (Sha), van Gassen, K.L.I. (Koen L.I.), Juusola, J. (Jane), Foss, K. (Kimberly), Enns, G. (Gregory), Moog, U. (Ute), Hinderhofer, K. (Katrin), Paramasivam, N. (Nagarajan), Lincoln, S. (Sharyn), Kusako, B.H. (Brandon H.), Lindenbaum, P. (Pierre), Charpentier, E. (Eric), Nowak, C.B. (Catherine B.), Cherot, E. (Elouan), Simonet, T. (Thomas), Ruivenkamp, C.A. (Claudia), Hahn, S. (Sihoun), Brownstein, C.A. (Catherine A.), Xia, F. (Fan), Schmitt, S. (Sébastien), Deb, W. (Wallid), Bonneau, D. (Dominique), Nizon, M. (Mathilde), Quinquis, D. (Delphine), Chelly, J. (Jamel), Rudolf, G. (Gabrielle), Sanlaville, D. (Damien), Parent, P. (Philippe), Gilbert-Dussardier, B. (Brigitte), Toutain, A. (Annick), Sutton, V.R. (V. Reid), Thies, J. (Jenny), Peart-Vissers, L.E.L.M. (Lisenka E L M), Boisseau, P. (Pierre), Vincent, M. (Marie), Grabrucker, A.M. (Andreas M.), Dubourg, C. (Christèle), Tan, W.-H. (Wen-Hann), Verbeek, N.E. (Nienke), Granzow, M. (Martin), Santen, G.W.E. (Gijs), Shendure, J. (Jay), Isidor, B. (Bertrand), Pasquier, L. (Laurent), Redon, R. (Richard), Yang, Y. (Yaping), State, M.W. (Matthew), Kleefstra, T. (Tjitske), Cogné, B. (Benjamin), Petrovski, S. (Slavé), Retterer, K. (Kyle), Eichler, E.E. (Evan), Rosenfeld, J.A. (Jill), Agrawal, P.B. (Pankaj B.), Bézieau, S. (Stéphane), Odent, S. (Sylvie), Elgersma, Y. (Ype), Mercier, S. (Sandra), Küry, S. (Sébastien), Woerden, G.M. (Geeske) van, Besnard, T. (Thomas), Proietti-Onori, M. (Martina), Latypova, X. (Xénia), Towne, M.C. (Meghan C.), Cho, M.T. (Megan T.), Prescott, T. (Trine), Ploeg, M.A. (Melissa), Sanders, S. (Stephan), Stessman, H.A.F. (Holly A F), Pujol, A. (Aurora), Distel, B. (Ben), Robak, L.A. (Laurie A.), Bernstein, J.A. (Jonathan A.), Denommé-Pichon, A.-S. (Anne-Sophie), Lesca, G. (Gaëtan), Sellars, E.A. (Elizabeth A.), Berg, J. (Jonathan), Carré, W. (Wilfrid), Busk, ØL. (Øyvind Løvold), Bon, B. (Bregje) van, Waugh, J.L. (Jeff L.), Deardorff, M.A. (Matthew), Hoganson, G.E. (George E.), Bosanko, K.B. (Katherine B.), Johnson, D.S. (Diana S.), Dabir, T. (Tabib), Holla, ØL. (Øystein Lunde), Sarkar, A. (Ajoy), Tveten, K. (Kristian), de Bellescize, J. (Julitta), Braathen, G.J. (Geir J.), Terhal, P. (Paulien), Grange, D.K. (Dorothy K.), Haeringen, A. (Arie) van, Lam, C. (Christina), Mirzaa, G.M. (Ghayda), Burton, J. (Jennifer), Bhoj, E.J. (Elizabeth J.), Douglas, J. (Jessica), Santani, A.B. (Avni B.), Nesbitt, A.I. (Addie I.), Helbig, K.L. (Katherine L.), Andrews, M.V. (Marisa V.), Begtrup, A. (Amber), Tang, S. (Sha), van Gassen, K.L.I. (Koen L.I.), Juusola, J. (Jane), Foss, K. (Kimberly), Enns, G. (Gregory), Moog, U. (Ute), Hinderhofer, K. (Katrin), Paramasivam, N. (Nagarajan), Lincoln, S. (Sharyn), Kusako, B.H. (Brandon H.), Lindenbaum, P. (Pierre), Charpentier, E. (Eric), Nowak, C.B. (Catherine B.), Cherot, E. (Elouan), Simonet, T. (Thomas), Ruivenkamp, C.A. (Claudia), Hahn, S. (Sihoun), Brownstein, C.A. (Catherine A.), Xia, F. (Fan), Schmitt, S. (Sébastien), Deb, W. (Wallid), Bonneau, D. (Dominique), Nizon, M. (Mathilde), Quinquis, D. (Delphine), Chelly, J. (Jamel), Rudolf, G. (Gabrielle), Sanlaville, D. (Damien), Parent, P. (Philippe), Gilbert-Dussardier, B. (Brigitte), Toutain, A. (Annick), Sutton, V.R. (V. Reid), Thies, J. (Jenny), Peart-Vissers, L.E.L.M. (Lisenka E L M), Boisseau, P. (Pierre), Vincent, M. (Marie), Grabrucker, A.M. (Andreas M.), Dubourg, C. (Christèle), Tan, W.-H. (Wen-Hann), Verbeek, N.E. (Nienke), Granzow, M. (Martin), Santen, G.W.E. (Gijs), Shendure, J. (Jay), Isidor, B. (Bertrand), Pasquier, L. (Laurent), Redon, R. (Richard), Yang, Y. (Yaping), State, M.W. (Matthew), Kleefstra, T. (Tjitske), Cogné, B. (Benjamin), Petrovski, S. (Slavé), Retterer, K. (Kyle), Eichler, E.E. (Evan), Rosenfeld, J.A. (Jill), Agrawal, P.B. (Pankaj B.), Bézieau, S. (Stéphane), Odent, S. (Sylvie), Elgersma, Y. (Ype), and Mercier, S. (Sandra)

Abstract

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CAMK2) is one of the first proteins shown to be essential for normal learning and synaptic plasticity in mice, but its requirement for human brain development has not yet been established. Through a multi-center collaborative study based on a whole-exome sequencing approach, we identified 19 exceedingly rare de novo CAMK2A or CAMK2B variants in 24 unrelated individuals with intellectual disability. Variants were assessed for their effect on CAMK2 function and on neuronal migration. For both CAMK2A and CAMK2B, we identified mutations that decreased or increased CAMK2 auto-phosphorylation at Thr286/Thr287. We further found that all mutations affecting auto-phosphorylation also affected neuronal migration, highlighting the importance of tightly regulated CAMK2 auto-phosphorylation in neuronal function and neurodevelopment. Our data establish the importance of CAMK2A and CAMK2B and their auto-phosphorylation in human brain function and expand the phenotypic spectrum of the disorders caused by variants in key players of the glutamatergic signaling pathway.

Published
2017
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