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The main aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nut sizes and drying methods on the sensory attributes of hazelnut cultivars (Corylus avellana L. cvs. Çakıldak, Palaz and Tombul) during the storage. Shelled hazelnut were dried under sun, shadow at room conditions and cold dried at 2 °C and 7 °C and stored at 20±5 °C and 80±5 % relative humidity. Evaluation of sensory attributes was carried out quarterly (harvest, 3, 6, and 9 months). In the Çakıldak cultivar (in 16 mm size), the odor of cold-dried hazelnuts at 2°C was higher than other drying methods in the last two measurements. It was observed that shadow-dried hazelnuts and at 7°C cold, dried hazelnuts had lower rancidity. No significant effect of drying methods was observed on the cultivars' flavor, firmness and color. As a result, it is revealed that drying methods have an effect on the rancidity in hazelnut kernels during storage.

The research was carried out to determine the total phenolics, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity (according to DPPH and FRAP assays) of 21 strawberry tree genotypes grown naturally in Piraziz (Giresun, East Black Sea) and Gebze (Kocaeli, Marmara regions) districts. A wide variation was determined between strawberry tree genotypes in terms of the properties investigated. In the strawberry tree genotypes examined, total phenolics was determined from 528 to 985 mg 100 g-1, while total flavonoids was detected from 21 to 134 mg 100 g-1. According to DPPH and FRAP tests antioxidant activity was determined from 2.1 to 15.5 mmol 100 g-1 and 20.5 to 50.9 mmol 100 g-1, respectively. According to the principal component analysis result, the first two components explained 88.1% of the total variation. PC1 was related to total phenolics and antioxidant activity (both DPPH and FRAP), while PC2 was associated with total flavonoids. As a result, the G-14 genotype had remarkable results in terms of the properties investigated. This genotype, which stands out in terms of beneficial substances on human health, is thought can be used as genetic material in future breeding programs.

The objective of the research was to determine the effect of different crude tillage implements on some soil physicochemical properties in Niger Delta University Teaching and Research Farms. The land was divided into plots measuring 5 x 5m with three replicates per treatment. Five tillage treatments were considered (no-till, Hoeing, Digging, Hoeing + Digging once, and Hoeing + Digging twice) at 0-15cm and 15-30cm depth. At both depths, three samples were collected per plot and bulked to form one representative sample. A total number of thirty (30) samples were collected from the field. The research was laid out in the Randomized Complete Block Design. The result showed that the different crude tillage methods had no significant effect on the soil's chemical properties but had an effect on the physical. Mean pH ranged from 4.42 – 4.49 (strongly acidic), Electrical conductivity ranged from 65.67 – 82 ds/m (indicating no saline stress or detriment to crops), organic carbon and organic matter were moderate with a range of 18.52 – 21/55g/kg and 37.03 – 43.10 g/kg, Total Nitrogen was at its moderate range of 7.88 – 12.17 g/kg. Exchangeable acidity was low with a range of 1.52 – 1.71 cmol/kg. The soils were mainly coarse textured with the sandy fraction ranging from 635 – 795g/kg, silt (79.4 – 134.4g/kg), and clay (125.6 – 230.6 g/kg); the mean soil texture was mainly loamy sand with the No-Till zone been sandy loam. The crude tillage methods had significant impact on the soil bulk density and porosity; the highest bulk density was recorded in the No-till zone (1.18g/cm3) which decreased steadily with an increase in tillage intensity, with the Hoe+Digging (twice) recording the lowest value of 0.94g/cm3. Similarly, the highest porosity value was found in the tillage method with the lowest bulk density value (0.94g/cm3: 64.7%), while the lowest was found in the tillage method with the highest bulk density value (1.18g/cm3: 55.7%). pH had positive correlation (P

Amaç: Bu çalışma, bazı aspir çeşitlerinin verim, verim unsurları ve bazı kalite özelliklerini araştırmak amacıyla 2021 (Mart- Ağustos) yılında Gümüşhane ilinin Kelkit ilçesinde yürütülmüştür.Materyal ve Yöntem: Tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 3 tekrarlamalı olarak yürütülen bu araştırmada 5 farklı aspir çeşidi; Balcı, Dinçer, Göktürk, Hasankendi ve Koç bitki materyali olarak kullanılmıştır.Araştırma Bulguları: Araştırmada; çıkış süresi, ilk çiçeklenme süresi, olgunlaşma gün sayısı, bitki boyu, ilk dal yüksekliği, dal sayısı, tabla sayısı, tabla çapı, tabla ağırlığı, tablada tane sayısı, tane verimi, bin tane ağırlığı, ham yağ oranı, ham yağ verimi ve ham protein oranı ele alınmıştır. Sonuç: Araştırma sonucuna göre en yüksek değerler; tane verimi Dinçer çeşidinden (128.06 kg da-1), bin tane ağırlığı Dinçer çeşidinden (44.13 g), ham yağ oranı Balcı çeşidinden (%30.92), ham protein oranı ise yine Dinçer çeşidinden (%15.43) elde edilmiştir. Aspir çeşitlerinin tane verimi ile incelenen karakterler arasındaki korelasyon katsayıları bakımından; bitki boyu (r=0.640**), tabla sayısı (r=0.759**), ham yağ verimi (r=0.875**), ilk dal yüksekliği (r=0.517*), tabla ağırlığı (0.533*), tablada tane sayısı (r=0.520*), bin tane ağırlığı (r=0.582*) ve ham protein oranı (r=0.525*) arasında önemli ve pozitif bir ilişki görülürken; tane verimiyle çıkış gün sayısı (r= -0.298) ve dal sayısı (r= -0.231) ile negatif fakat önemsiz bir ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır., Objective: This study was carried out in Kelkit district of Gümüşhane province in 2021 (March-August) in order to investigate the yield, yield components and some quality characteristics of some safflower cultivars conditions of Gumushane.Materials and Methods: This study was designed as randomized complete block model with 3 replications and 5 different safflower varieties (Balcı, Dinçer, Göktürk, Hasankendi and Koç) were used as plant materials.Results: In this study; the period of emergence, the first flowering time, physiological maturation, plant height, first branch height, branch number, head number, head diameter, weight of head, number of seed in head, seed yield, 1000 seed weight, crude oil ratio, crude oil yield and crude protein ratio were evaluated.Conclusion: According to the results, the highest seed yield was determined from Dinçer (128.06 kg da-1), also the highest 1000 seed weight (44.13 g) and crude protein ratio (15.43%) was obtained from the same varieties. On the other hand, Balcı varieties has the highest crude oil ratio (30.92%). Coefficient of correlation between seed yield of safflower varieties and plant height (r=0.640**), branch number (r=0.759**), crude oil yield (r=0.875**), first branch height (r=0.517*), weight of head (r=0.533*), number of seed in head (r=0.520*), 1000 seed weight (r=0.582*) and crude protein ratio (r=0.525*) as analyzed characters are statistically significant and positive. In terms of seed yield, period of emergence (r= -0.298) and branch number (r= -0.231) are negative coralation but insignificant.

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın temel amacı, muşmula meyvesinin (Mespilus germanica L. cv‘İstanbul’) organik asit, fenolik asit ve flavonoidleri üzerine olgunluk safhasının etkisini belirlemektir.Materyal ve Yöntem: Bitkisel materyal olarak ‘İstanbul’ muşmula çeşidine ait meyveler kullanılmıştır. Meyveler olgunlaşmamış (ham), yarı olgun ve olgun olmak üzere 3 farklı olgunluk safhasında hasat edilmiştir. Meyvelerin, toplam fenolik bileşiklerine ilave olarak bazı organik asit, fenolik asit ve flavonoid içerikleri belirlenmiştir.Araştırma Bulguları: Organik asitler sırasıyla; malik> tartarik> sitrik> oksalik> pirüvik> fumarik olarak bulunmuştur. Malik asit tüm olgunlaşma evrelerinde (sırasıyla 912.9 µg/g, 346.8 µg/g, 1006.4 µg/g) ana organik asit iken fumarik asit en az bulunanıdır. Fenolik asitlerden en çok bulunanı kafeik asittir. Muşmula meyvesindeki flavonoidler arasında kateşinler baskındır. Toplam fenolik bileşikler olgunlaşma ile artmıştır (22.98 mg GAE/100g ila 28.7 mg GAE/100g)Sonuç: Türkiye'de tescilli ilk muşmula çeşidi olan Mespilus germanica L. cv.'İstanbul' meyvesinin organik asit, fenolik asit ve flavonoidleri farklı üç olgunlaşma evresinde (olgunlaşmamış, yarı olgun, olgun) tespit edilmiştir. Kafeik asit majör fenolik asit iken malik, tartarik ve sitrik asitler majör organik asitler olarak bulunmuş olup hasat zamanına göre değişmişlerdir. Muşmulanın nasıl kullanılacağına bağlı olarak hasat döneminin planlanması önerilebilir. Farmakolojik kullanım için olgunlaşmamış, taze meyve tüketimi için ise olgunluk döneminde hasat edilebilir., Objective: Organic acid, phenolic acid and flavonoids of Mespilus germanica L. cv.‘İstanbul’ fruit, which was the first registered medlar cultivar in Türkiye, were quantified during different fruit developmental stages by HPLC.Materials and Methods: İstanbul’ fruit, which was the first registered medlar cultivar in Türkiye used the experiments. Organic acids, phenolic acids and flavonoids were identified by HPLC. Phenolic compounds analysed by spectrophotometer.Results The organic acids were identified in this order of quantity: malic>tartaric>citric>oxalic>pyruvic>fumaric. Malic acid was the major organic acid in all maturation stages (912.9 µg/ g, 346.8 µg/g, 1006.4 µg/g, respectively) while fumaric acid was the minor one. Caffeic acid was the most abundant of phenolic acids, and catechins were dominant among the flavonoids in medlar fruit. Total phenolic compounds increased with maturation (22.98 mg GAE/100g to 28.7 mg GAE/100g).Conclusion: Organic acid, phenolic acid and flavonoids of Mespilus germanica L. cv.‘İstanbul’ fruit, which was the first registered medlar cultivar in Türkiye, were detected during different three maturation stages (Immature, semi-ripe, ripe). Malic, tartaric and citric acids were found major organic acids when caffeic acid was major fenolic acid. They changed as the harvest time. It can be recommened that it is necessary to plan the harvesting period depending onhow medlar is meant to be used. It can be harvested at in immature stage if it is usepharmacological and it can be harvested at ripe stage for fresh fruit.

Bu çalışmada farklı olgunlaşma dönemlerinde yapılan hasadın tatlı mısırın (Zea mays L. saccharata Sturt) tane verimi ve verim unsurlarına etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma tesadüf bloklarında bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak Harran Ovası koşullarında 2016 ve 2017 yıllarında yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada Baron, Vega, Jübile, GSS 5649 ve Merit hibrit tatlı mısır çeşitleri materyal olarak kullanılmıştır. Zadoks skalasına göre erken süt olum (Z73), orta süt olum (Z75), geç süt olum (Z77), erken sarı olum (Z83), orta sarı olum (Z85) ve geç sarı olum (Z87) gelişim dönemlerinde hasat yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre; koçan uzunluğu (cm), koçanda tane sayısı (adet koçan-1), koçanda tane ağırlığı (g koçan-1) ve tane verimi (kg da-1) gibi özellikler, gelişme dönemlerinde yapılan hasat bakımından istatiksel olarak önemli bulunmuştur (P≤0.01). Koçan kalınlığı 37.4 ile 39.2 mm, koçan uzunluğu 16.5 ile 18.1 cm, koçanda tane sayısı 415.0 ile 587.4 adet koçan-1, koçanda tane ağırlığı 61.7 ile 98.0 g koçan-1 arasında değişmiştir. Tane verimi 491.1 ile 810.3 kg da-1, bintane ağırlığı 131.5 ile 227.7 g ve hektolitre ağırlığı 47.1 ile 71.1 hL kg-1 arasında değişmiştir. Koçan uzunluğu, koçanda tane sayısı ve tane verimi değerleri erken gelişme dönemlerinde yapılan hasatta daha düşük, geç gelişme dönemlerinde yapılan hasatlarda ise daha yüksek bulunmuştur. En yüksek tane verimine orta sarı olum (Z85) ve geç sarı olum (Z87) dönemlerinde, en düşük tane verimine ise erken süt olum (Z73) döneminde ulaşılmıştır. Merit ve Jübile çeşitlerinin tane verimi değerleri diğerlerine göre daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Tane verimi bakımından en uygun hasat zamanı Baron ve Merit çeşitleri için geç süt olum dönemi, Vega çeşidi için orta süt olum dönemi, Jübile çeşidi için orta sarı olum dönemi ve GSS 5649 çeşidi için ise geç sarı olum dönemi olarak belirlenmiştir., In this study, it was aimed to determine the effect of harvesting at different maturation periods on grain yield and yield components of sweet corn (Zea mays L. saccharata Sturt). The study was carried out in the conditions of Harran Plain in 2016 and 2017 according to the split-plot experimental design with 3 replications. Baron, Vega, Jubilee, GSS 5649 and Merit hybrid sweet corn varieties were used as crop material in the study. According to the Zadox scale, harvesting was done in the periods of early milk maturation (Z73), middle milk maturation (Z75), late milk maturation (Z77), early yellow maturation (Z83), middle yellow maturation (Z85) and late yellow maturation (Z87 periods. According to the research results; features such as ear length (cm), kernel number of ear (pieces ear-1), kernel weight of ear (g ear-1) and grain yield (kg da-1) were found to be statistically significant in terms of harvesting during development periods (P≤0.01). Ear diameter ranged from 37.4 to 39.2 mm, ear length 16.5 to 18.1 cm, the number of kernel on the ear between 415.0 and 587.4, and the grain weight on the ear varied between 61.7 and 98.0 g. Grain yield varied between 491.1 and 810.3 kg da-1, thousand-grain weight between 131.5 and 227.7 g, and hectoliter weight between 47.1 and 71.1 hL kg-1. Ear length, number of kernels per ear and grain yield values were found lower in the harvest made in the early growth stages and higher in the harvests made in the late growth periods. The highest grain yield was found in the middle yellow maturity (Z85) and late yellow maturity (Z87) periods, and the lowest grain yield was seen in the early milk set (Z73) stages. Grain yield values of Merit and Jubilee cultivars were higher than the others. The most suitable harvest time in terms of grain yield was determined as late milking maturation period for Baron and Merit cultivars, mid milk maturation period for Vega cultivar, medium yellow ripening period for Jubilee cultivar and late yellow maturation period for GSS 5649 cultivar.

Juncus acutus, a wetland plant, helps improve habitats for both terrestrial and aquatic creatures and spawning grounds for fish. A variety of wetland birds use between the trunks of the juncus as a shelter. They also help prevent soil erosion due to their extensive root systems. On the other hand, it can be said that it has a negative effect on the feeding of grassland animals due to the high density in wetlands.Plant materials from Juncus acutus, which is intensively located in the Kızılırmak Delta, were taken in two different periods, in April and July. The changes in the nutrient content of the plant during the spring and summer periods were investigated and the quality features were divulged. According to the research results; It was observed that the water buffaloes in the Kızılırmak Delta were not fed with Juncus acutus for feeding purposes, the forage quality was low, but the livestock grazed a little on Juncus acutus when they first went to the wetland in early spring.

Sunflower constitutes an important source of protein, mineral, vitamin, fatty acid, and offer a balanced source of amino acids. Machine learning is mostly performed for the prediction of descriptive attributes in the quality evaluation of foods. In this study physical attributes of two different sunflower varieties (Metinbey and İnegöl Alası) were determined and algorithms were applied for size and shape prediction of these varieties. In addition, five different machine learning predictors were used as Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), Gaussian Processes (GP), Random Forest (RF), k-Nearest Neighbors (kNN), and Support Vector Regression (SVR). The prediction of surface area, volume, geometric mean diameter, aspect ratio, elongation, and shape index were based on the main physical attributes. İnegöl Alası variety had the greatest physical attributes. The seed length, width and thickness were obtained from İnegöl Alası variety as 23.89, 8.80 and 4.15 mm and from Metinbey as 17.88, 6.20 and 4.01 mm. All varieties were determined as significant in terms of the selected attributes as reported by Pillai Trace and Wilks’ Lambda (p

This research was conducted in the Application and Research Center of Faculty of Agriculture, Uludag University, in a Randomized Split Blocks Design with three replications in 2020-2021 growing season. In the experiment, 3 different seed rates (300 seed m-2, 500 seed m-2 and 700 seed m-2) and 4 different nitrogen doses (0 kg, 8 kg, 16 kg, 24 kg per decare) were applied. The effects of these factors on grain yield, some yield components and quality characteristics of Nusrat bread wheat cultivar were determined. Increases in seed rates had statistically significant effects on the number of seeds/spike, seed weight/spike, seed yield and sedimentation value averages. There was no statistically significant effect on the averages of thousand grain weight, the rate of protein and gluten. Seed yield was taken at the highest value from 700 seed m-2. It was determined that the applied nitrogen dose increased up to 16 kg da-1, increasing the number of grains/spike, grain weight/spike, thousand grain weight and yield per unit area. As a result of the research; It can be said that the optimum seed rate and nitrogen fertilizer amount should be 700 seed m-2 and 16 kg da-1, respectively, in order to get the highest grain yield in Nusrat bread wheat cultivar in Bursa conditions., Bu araştırma 2020-2021 yetiştirme mevsiminde Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Araştırma veUygulama Merkezinde yürütülmüştür. Denemede, 3 farklı ekim sıklığı (300 adet m-2, 500 adet m-2 ve 700 adet m-2) ile 4 değişik azot dozu (dekara 0 kg, 8 kg, 16 kg, 24 kg) uygulamıştır. Bu faktörlerin Nusrat ekmeklik buğday çeşidinde tane verimi, bazı verim bileşenleri ve kalite özellikleri üzerine etkileri belirlenmiştir. Ekim sıklıklarındaki artışların, tane sayısı/başak, tane ağırlığı/başak, tane verimi ile sedimantasyon ortalama değerlerine etkileri önemli bulunmuştur. Tohumun bin tanesinin ağırlığı, protein oranı ve glüten oranı ortalamaları üzerine istatistiki anlamda etkisi olmamıştır. Tane verimi 700 adet m-2 ekim sıklığından en yüksek değerde alınmıştır. Uygulanan azot dozunun 16 kg da-1 kadar artmasıyla tane sayısı/başak, tane ağırlığı/başak, bin tane ağırlığı ve birim alan veriminin arttığı saptanmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucuna göre; Bursa şartlarında Nusrat ekmeklik buğday çeşidinde en yüksek tane verimini alabilmek için metrekareye uygulanması gereken en uygun ekim sıklığının ve azotlu gübre miktarının sırasıyla 700 adet m-2 ve dekara 16 kg olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Bu araştırma sera koşullarında NPK ve bakteri uygulamalarının fasulye genotiplerinde (Hınıs ve İspir) bitki gelişimi üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla 2020-2021 yıllarında yürütülmüştür. Yürütülen denemede kontrol, NPK uygulaması ve 6 farklı Rhizobium sp. izolatı (FR-2, FR-4, FR-9, FR-19, FR-20, FR-22) yer almıştır. Araştırma her uygulamada 3 tekerrür olacak şekilde yürütülmüştür. Elde edilen bulgulara göre fasulye bitkisinde bakteri uygulamasının bitki boyu, gövde çapı, bitki yaş ağırlığı, bitki kuru ağırlığı, kök yaş ağırlığı, kök kuru ağırlığı, kök uzunluğu, yaprak alanı, yaprak sayısı, nodül sayısı, gövde protein oranı ve toplam klorofil miktarını artırdığı tespit edilmiştir. Ancak klorofil miktarı ve kökteki protein miktarı üzerine NPK uygulamasının etkisinin daha iyi olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Genel olarak, çalışmada kullanılan farklı bakteri izolatlarının, ele alınan parametreler üzerine etkisinin NPK uygulamasına göre daha iyi olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır., This research was carried out in order to determine the effects of NPK and bacteria applications on the growth of bean genotypes (Hınıs and İspir) in greenhouse conditions between 2020-2021. Control, NPK application and 6 different Rhizobium sp. bacterial isolates (FR-2, FR-4, FR-9, FR-19, FR-20, FR-22) were included in the experiment. The research was carried out with 3 replications in each application. According to the findings, it was determined that the application of bacteria in bean plants increased the plant height, stem diameter, plant fresh and dry weight, root fresh and dry weight, root length, leaf area, leaf number, nodule number, stem protein ratio and total chlorophyll amount. However, it was better that the effect of NPK application on chlorophyll and protein content in the root. In general, it was concluded that the effect of different bacterial isolates on parameters used in the study was better than the NPK application.

Sugarcane is one of the most important crops in Sudan which played a leading role in the local and foreign trade. Research has been conducted in two sites in Sugarcane Research Center Farm in Guneid-Sudan from 5/7/2019 to 5/9/2020. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of potassium sulphate fertilizer doses on the growth, yield, and quality of sugarcane. The variety tested was Co 6806. The treatments consist of five doses of potassium sulphate (SOP) fertilizer which contains (50% K2O and 18% S); K1: 0.0, K2: 40, K3: 80, K4: 120, and K5: 160 kg SOP kg ha-1 arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) replicated three times. The results obtained showed that there was a significant effect on plant growth due to the application of different levels of potassium sulphate fertilizer in the two sites. Statistically, the treatment K3: (80 SOP kg ha-1) significantly recorded the highest cane and sugar yield values compared to the other potassium sulphate levels and the control in the two different experimental sites.

Reduction of the quantity and quality of forage is one of the main restrictions on the productivity of livestock systems. Tropical legumes are the most important crops to improve livestock feeds and, thus, for providing livestock products for human consumption in arid regions. In order to investigate the shift of cultivation date of two legumes from summer to spring in arid weather conditions, a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replication was conducted at the Agricultural Research Institute of south Kerman, Iran, during two cropping seasons. Treatment was planting in three and two tropical legumes (Tapary bean and cowpea). The results showed that changing planting dates led to a significant effect on seed yield and forage quality of two legumes in the region. All agronomic traits for cowpea increased compared to Tepary bean due to differences in their genetic backgrounds. The two legumes were not different in terms of nitrogen, crude protein, and ash. On all three planting dates, the hemicellulose-free cell wall of cowpea was higher than Tepary. In contrast, neutral detergent fiber for Tepary was observed more than cowpea. The highest dry matter index was recorded for cowpea. Whereas the highest dry matter digestibility, the net energy of lactation, and metabolizable energy were related for Tepary. According to the different physiological and phenological responses of the two legumes, it is necessary to examine the selection of suitable planting dates for improving the quantitative and qualitative yield of forage.

This study was conducted at the experimental area of the Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Cukurova University as a main and double crop in 2018 and 2019. The objective of this study was to determine and compare of important agronomic and quality characteristics of sesame varieties grown in main and double crop growing condition. The experiment design was a split blok with three replications. 17 different sesame varieties were used as a plant material in this research. Plant height, the first capsule height, branch and capsule number per plant, 1000 seed weight, seed yield per decare, oil and protein content characteristics were investigated. The differences between the sesame varieties for the investigated characteristics were significant in both growing seasons. The data belonging to agronomic characteristics of the sesame varieties were found higher in main crop than in double crop growing season. Because, total temperature, day length and growing period were the higher in main crop than in double crop growing season. Specially, seed yield values were found 40% higher in main crop than in double crop. According to two-year results, the data belonging to Muganlı-57, Sarı Susam and Osmangazi-99 varieties for the seed yield, morphological and quality properties were higher than the others varieties in both growing seasons., Bu çalışma; 2018 ve 2019 yıllarında, ana ve ikinci ürün koşullarında, Çukurova Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarla Bitkileri Araştırma ve Uygulama alanında, bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre üç tekrarlamalı olarak kurulmuş ve yürütülmüştür. Bu çalışmada; ülkemizde tescil edilmiş susam çeşitlerinin farklı yetiştirme dönemlerinde (ana ve ikinci ürün koşullarında) önemli agronomik ve kalite özelliklerinin belirlenmesi ve karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaca yönelik olarak, on yedi farklı susam çeşidi denemede materyal olarak kullanılmıştır. Denemeye alınan susam çeşitlerinin; bitki boyu, ilk kapsül yüksekliği, dal ve kapsül sayısı, 1000 tohum ağırlığı, tohum verimi gibi önemli agronomik özellikleri ile yağ ve protein oranı değerleri incelenmiştir. Denemeye alınan susam çeşitlerinin incelenen özellikleri arasında her iki yetiştirme döneminde de önemli farklılıklar saptanmıştır. Ana ürün koşullarında; gün uzunluğu, toplam sıcaklık ve vejetasyon süresi daha fazla olduğundan dolayı, incelenen tüm tarımsal özelliklerine ait elde edilen değerler, ikinci ürün koşullarına göre daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Özellikle tohum verimi değerleri, ikinci ürün koşullarına göre, ana ürün koşullarında %40 daha yüksek olmuştur. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre; hem ana ürün ve hem de ikinci ürün koşullarında tohum verimi ile tarımsal ve kalite özellikleri bakımından; Muganlı-57, Sarı Susam ve Osmangazi-99 susam çeşitlerinin, diğer çeşitlerden daha üstün olduğu gözlenmiştir.

Weeds are problematic and burdensome to many smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe. The continued existence of allelochemicals in plants inhibit weed seed germination, plant growth and nutrient uptake. A study was carried out to assess the effects of sorghum species on weed seed germination and dry matter accumulation in different soil types at Duncanstan Farm in Featherstone, Zimbabwe. A 3x3 factorial experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) with nine treatment combinations replicated four times. Soil type was the first factor with sand, loam and clay soils. Sorghum plant extracts, Sorghum arundinacea and Sorghum halepense, formed the second factor, and the control had no extract. All soil types showed significant effects p

This research was carried out to determine the effects of germination temperature and 12 dormancy breaking applications on the germination of the seeds of the gum tragacanth (Astragalus gummifer Labill.) bush. The research was carried out in the Field Crops Department laboratory, Iğdır University Faculty of Agriculture, in 2019. Gum tragacanth seeds were germinated for 28 days in the dark at constant temperatures of 10, 15, 20, and 25 °C and variable temperatures of 20/10 °C, 20/15 °C, 25/10 °C, and 25/15 °C. As a result of the research, the highest total germination rate was determined at 10.7% at 25/10 °C and 25/15 °C temperatures. It was determined that there was 89.3% dormancy in gum tragacanth seeds. Then, 12 dormancy breaking methods (matrix priming, hydro priming, gibberellic acid (GA3, potassium nitrate, cold, moist stratification, warm moist stratification, warm+cold moist stratification, cold+warm moist stratification, cold water, hot water, mechanical scarification, and chemical scarification) were applied. After dormancy breaking applications were made, the seeds were germinated again at 25/15 °C. At the end of the study, it was revealed that the highest total germination percentage with 50.7% was obtained from the application of hot water for 2 minutes. On the other hand, it was determined that matric priming, hydro priming, gibberellic acid, potassium nitrate, cold, moist stratification, warm moist stratification, cold+warm moist stratification, mechanical scarification, and chemical scarification applications did not have any effect on removing the dormancy status of gum tragacanth seeds., Bu araştırma, sakız geveni (Astragalus gummifer labill.) çalısının tohumlarının çimlenmesine çimlenme sıcaklığı ve 12 dormansi kırma uygulamasının etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırma 2019 yılında Iğdır Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarla Bitkileri Anabilim Dalı laboratuvarında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sakız geveni tohumları karanlıkta 10, 15, 20 ve 25 °C sabit ve 20/10 °C, 20/15 °C, 25/10 °C ve 25/15 °C değişken sıcaklıklarda 28 gün süreyle çimlendirilmiştir.. Araştırma sonucunda en yüksek toplam çimlenme oranı %10,7 ile 25/10 °C ve 25/15 °C sıcaklıklarda tespit edilmiştir. Astragalus gummifer tohumlarında %89.3 dormansi olduğu belirlendi. Daha sonra 12 dormansi kırma yöntemi (matris priming, hidro priming, giberellik asit (GA3)), potasyum nitrat, soğuk nemli katlama, ılık katlama, sıcak+soğuk nemli katlama, soğuk+ılık nemli katlama, soğuk su, sıcak su, mekanik aşındırma ve kimyasal aşındırma) uygulandı. Dormansi kırma uygulamaları yapıldıktan sonra tohumlar tekrar 25/15 °C'de çimlendirilmiştir. Çalışma sonunda en yüksek toplam çimlenme yüzdesinin %50,7 ile 2 dakika sıcak su uygulamasından elde edildiği ortaya çıkmıştır. Öte yandan, matris priming, hidro priming, giberellik asit, potasyum nitrat, soğuk nemli katlama, ılık nemli katlama, soğuk+ılık nemli katlama, mekanik aşındırma ve kimyasal aşındırma uygulamalarının dormansinin giderilmesinde etkisinin olmadığı belirlendi.

In this study, eight promising advanced bread wheat genotypes derived from breeding programs and Ceyhan-99, Sagittario, Masaccio, and Seri-82 commercial cultivars were used as materials. The experiments were carried out in 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 cropping years in a randomized complete block design with four replications. In the study, some agronomic and quality traits were investigated. Bread wheat genotypes varied significantly for all investigated traits in terms of the year, genotype, and year x genotype interactions. Based on average data, the investigated traits were determined as; plant height (PH) 90.86 cm, spike length (SL) 9.40 cm, spikelet number (SN) 18.90, grain number per spike (GNS) 56.22, grain weight per spike (GWP) 1.95 g, thousand kernel weight (TKW) 34.90 g, grain yield (GY) 654.54 kg/da, test weight (TW) 76.17 kg/hl, protein ratio (PO) 12.28%, wet gluten (WG) 34.16% and Zeleny sedimentation (ZS) 33.87 ml. According to the two-year results, the highest PH (102.8 cm) was obtained from the Ceyhan-99 cultivar, while ZDEB106 genotype had the longest spike length (9.83 cm) and the highest spikelet number (19.93). ZDEB108 genotype had the highest values in GNS (63.25), GWS (2.24 g), and test weight (77.73 kg hl-1). On the other hand, ZDEB103 genotype was the highest in PO (14 %), WGR (44.28 %) and ZS (40.78 ml). Again, ZDEB101 genotype had the highest TKW (39.255 g), while the highest grain yield (754.56 kg da-1) was obtained from the Massacio cultivar. On the other hand, principal component (PC1 and PC2) analysis explained 62.4 % of the total variation. Thus, a positive correlation was determined between GY with TKW, TW, and PH, while the other traits were negatively correlated with GY., Bu çalışmada sekiz ileri ekmeklik buğday (Triticum aestivum L.) hattı (ZDEB101, ZDEB102, ZDEB103, ZDEB104, ZDEB105, ZDEB106, ZDEB107 ve ZDEB108) ile dört ticari ekmeklik buğday (Triticum aestivum L.) çeşidi (Ceyhan-99, Sagittario, Masaccio ve Seri-82) deneme materyali olarak kullanılmıştır. Araştırma 2018-2019 ve 2019-2020 üretim sezonunda tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre dört tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuştur. Çalışmada bazı tarımsal ve kalite özellikleri incelenmiştir. Araştırmada yıl, genotip ve yıl x genotip interaksiyonu bakımından ekmeklik buğday genotipleri arasındaki varyasyon incelenen bütün özellikler bakımından istatistiki olarak önemli bulunmuştur. İki yıllık ortalamalara göre; bitki boyu (BB) 90.86 cm, başak boyu (BU) 9.40 cm, başakçık sayısı (BS) 18.90 adet, başakta tane sayısı (BTS) 56.22 adet, başakta tane ağırlığı (BTA) 1.95 g, bin tane ağırlığı (BinTA) 34.90 g, tane verimi (TV) 656.54 kg/da, hektolitre ağırlığı (HL) 76.17 kg hl-1, protein oranı (PO) % 12.28, yaş gluten (YG) % 34.16 ve Zeleny Sedimantasyon (ZS) değeri 33.87 ml olmuş; en uzun BB (102.8 cm) Ceyhan-99’dan; ZDEB106 genotipi en uzun başağa (9.83 cm) ve en çok başakçık sayısına (19.93 adet) sahip olmuş; ZDEB108 genotipi BTS (63.25 adet), BTA (2.24 g) ve HL (77.73 kg) özelliklerinde en yüksek değerlere sahip olmuştur. Bununla birlikte, ZDEB103 genotipi PO (% 14.00), YG (% 44.28) ve ZS (40.78 ml) özellikleri bakımından öne çıkmıştır. Yine ZDEB101 genotipi en yüksek BinTA (39.255 g) ağırlığına sahip olurken, en yüksek tane verimi Masaccio (754.56 kg da-1) çeşidinden elde edilmiştir. Öte yandan, temel bileşenler analizi (PC1 ve PC2), toplam varyasyonun % 62.4’ünü açıklamış; buna göre, TV ile BinTA, HL ve BB özellikleri arasında pozitif bir ilişkinin olduğu, diğer özellikler ile negatif bir ilişkinin bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir.

In this study, the effects of IBA and cinnamic acid applications on rooting of black mulberry cuttings taken from black mulberry trees grown in Tokat were treated. 6000 ppm Indole Butyric Acid (IBA), 6000 ppm IBA+100 ppm cinnamic acid (CA), 100 ppm cinnamic acid with control which no application was applied on the cuttings taken in July, September, November and January periods. The cuttings were kept during 60 days in rooting beds containing perlite and heated from the bottom. The highest rooting ratio (48.3%) and the highest average root number (3.1) were obtained from the cuttings taken November and January periods with 6000 ppm IBA + 100 ppm CA application. Among the applications and the periods, cuttings were taken, 6000 ppm IBA + 100 ppm CA application and July and January periods were superior to others.

In agriculture, the use of environmentally friendly materials both in place of and alongside chemical ones is continuously increasing. Two field experiments were conducted during the 2019 and 2020 seasons to investigate the effects of foliar application of three doses (5.0, 7.5, and 10 g L-1) of active dry yeast were sprayed on maize (Zea mays L. Cv. Tuano) at two intervals, the first 54 days after planting (DAP), and the second 15 days later. Plants were grown for silage purposes under alkaline soil conditions at the Experimental and Research Station of the Field Crops Dep., Van Yuzuncu Yıl University-(VYYU), Turkey. Measurements were taken three times at the vegetative stage 64, 74, and 84-DAP, and one times at the dough stage 117-123 DAP. Morphologically, the results showed that the foliar application of different doses of yeast increased the plant height (cm), stem, leaves, and cobs weight per plant and total plant weight (g), number of cobs plant-1 (piece), and green and dry herbage yield (ton da-1) at 117-123 DAP during the two seasons. In contrast, there was no significant increase in plant height (cm), chlorophyll as SPAD (The Soil Plant Analysis Development) value, and the number of leaves per plant at 64 DAP. Chemically, the spraying of the yeast improved the P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Se, and Zn concentrations at 117-123 DAP as well as chlorophyll content at 74 and 84 DAP compared to the control. From this study, it could be concluded that the highest values of the studied parameters were recorded when active dry yeast was used at a dose of 10 g L-1 on maize under high pH soil.

Apricots are becoming more preferred because of their usage in the fresh, dried, and processing industries and are appreciated by consumers for their pleasant flavor, aroma, and high nutritional value. Apricot cultivation is mostly performed by native varieties in Turkey, and there is insufficient knowledge about the characteristics of foreign varieties. In this study, important Turkish and foreign varieties were evaluated according to their morphological properties using multivariate analyses. The highest fruit weight was detected as 31.90 g (Sakıt-2) in the Turkish varieties and detected 22.36 g (Precoce de Colomer) in the foreign varieties. The highest fruit height, thickness, stone height, and weight were detected in ‘Alyanak’ and ‘Sakıt-2’ the Turkish apricot varieties. The ‘Soğancı’ and ‘Sakıt-2’ were characterized by the highest stone thickness, pH, fruit height, and weight in Turkish varieties, whereas ‘Precoce de Tyrinthe’ had the highest total soluble solids in the foreign varieties. The correlation analysis demonstrated significant positive correlations between examined features in Turkish and foreign varieties. In the principal component analysis, the first five components elucidated 93.59% of the total variance. Examined traits were separated into three groups, and ‘Sakıt-2’, ‘Alyanak’, ‘Hasanbey’, and ‘Hacihaliloğlu’ at the Turkish varieties were placed in the first two groups and characterized by fruit and stone traits, while the foreign varieties formed the other group and were characterize by pH, TSS, and colorimetric traits. The study put forward useful information for the comparison of morphometric traits between Turkish and foreign varieties, and the results can be used in future apricot breeding programs.

Drought stress is the most important factor limiting the successful production of agricultural crops worldwide. The response of some almond cultivars grafted on GF677 rootstock was studied to drought stress at a research greenhouse in the Horticultural Science Research Institute of Karaj, Iran, in the 2016-2017 growing season. The plant materials included 12 almond (Prunus dulcis Mill.) genotypes/cultivars, including ‘Sh10’, ‘Saba’, ‘A1-16’, ‘Shokofeh’, ‘Kh1’, ‘A230’, ‘Mamaie’, ‘A13-40’, ‘A9-7’, ‘A8-24’, ‘Fragiolu’, and ‘Sh17’, which were grafted onto Gf677 rootstock. The results showed that the treated almonds differed significantly. When all studied traits are considered, it can be concluded that genotypes ‘Kh1’ and ‘A13-40’ outperformed all other genotypes and cultivars in terms of the studied morphological and physiological traits and exhibited far more tolerance to drought stress. In normal conditions, cultivars Kh1 and Mamaei had maximum proline (2.35 µmole/g), but A8-24 still showed the lowest content of proline (1.20 µmole/g). The highest K content under drought stress was obtained in A1-16 (2.8 %) and Mamaei (2.71 %) cultivars.

The study was carried out to evaluate the combining ability and heterosis of seven parents and their 21 half-diallel F2 populations for yield and quality traits during the 2013-14 season in the randomized complete block design with three replications. Significant differences were observed among the genotypes, GCA (general combining ability) and SCA (specific combining ability) effects for all traits, except spike length. The best combiner parents were identified as Esperia and Pehlivan for grain yield, and Flamura85, Aldane and Selimiye for quality traits because of significant GCA and per se performance. The ranges of best parent heterosis were -12.71 to 8.23% for plant height, -15.46 to 8.36% for spike length, -16.62 to 24.80% for number of grains per spike, -23.61 to 36.50% for grain weight per spike, -17.13 to 8.84% for harvest index and -44.26 to 15.83 for grain yield, -17.61 to 8.38% for thousand grain weight, -18.55 to 8.44% for wet gluten content, -33.80 to 24.78% for gluten index, -20.24 to 15.23% for Zeleny sedimentation value, -15.58 to 10.00% for quality index and -8.96 to 6.87 for grain protein content. The three (Slm/Phl, F85/Slm and F85/Esp) and seven (F85/Phl, Sb/Fs, Fs/Slm, Esp/Slm, Fs/Phl, Esp/Sb and Sb/Slm) of F2 populations are offered a good opportunity in base material for selection of potential because of significant SCA effects and best parent heterosis for grain yield and quality traits respectively.

Organik gübrelerin sürdürülebilir tarımsal üretim için önemi yadsınamaz bir gerçektir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, farklı organik gübrelerin mısır bitkilerinin büyüme ve kalite özellikleri üzerine etkilerini belirlemektir. Çalışmada üç farklı organik gübre (sığır gübresi, vermikompost ve leonardit) ve bunların dozları (2.500, 5.000, 7.500 ve 10.000 kgha-1) kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca kontrol uygulamaları olarak konvansiyonel uygulama ve gübresiz uygulama yapılmıştır. Deneme tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre üç tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Organik gübre uygulamalarının ikinci yıldaki etkisini belirlemek için 2018 yılında gübrelemeler tamamlanmış olup, 2019 yılında gübreleme yapılmamıştır. Araştırmada; bitki boyu, koçan çapı, koçanda tane ağırlığı, 1000 tane ağırlığı, tane verimi, protein oranı, yağ oranı ve karbonhidrat oranı özellikleri incelenmiştir. Bu özellikler sırasıyla 180.72-157.87 cm, 39.38-33.59 mm, 117.1-62.2 gr, 261.2-237.1 gr, 4416.8-1712.9 kgha-1, %7.8-5.9, %2.5-2.1 ve %74.7-73.8 arasında değişim göstermiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre yağ oranı ve protein oranı açısından vermikompostun 2.500 kg ha-1 ve 5.000 kg ha-1 dozları en yüksek değerlere sahip olurken, karbonhidrat oranı için 10.000 kg ha-1 leonardit uygulaması en yüksek değere sahip olmuştur. Genel olarak bitkisel özellikler açısından en yüksek değerler ise konvansiyonel gübreleme uygulamasından elde edilmiştir., The importance of organic fertilizers for sustainable agricultural production is an undeniable fact. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of different organic fertilizers on the growth and quality properties of maize plants. Three different types of organic fertilizers; cattle manure, vermicompost and leonardite, and their doses of 2.500, 5.000, 7.500 and 10.000 kgha-1 were used in the experiment. In addition, conventional production and non-fertilized production were used as control applications. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The experiments were repeated to assess the residual effects of the treatments. Fertilizers were applied in 2018 to determine the residual effects of organic fertilizer applications in the second year. In the research; plant height, ear diameter, ear grain weight, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, protein ratio, oil ratio and starch ration were examined. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of different organic fertilizers on the yield components and grain content of the corn plant. These features varied between 180.72-157.87 cm, 39.38-33.59 mm, 117.1-62.2 g, 261.2-237.1 g, 4416.8-1712.9 kg ha-1, 7.8-5.9%, 2.5-2.1% and 74.7-73.8%, respectively. According to the results, the 2500 kgha-1 and 5000 kgha-1 doses of vermicompost had the highest values for the oil ratio and protein ratio, on the other hand the leonardite application of 10.000 kgha-1 for the starch ration had the highest value. Generally, conventional fertilizer application had the highest values for yield components.

This study was carried out in the experimental fields of Erciyes University Agricultural Research and Application Center in 2014 and 2015 growing seasons, in order to investigate the possibilities of second crop silage maize production in Kayseri province. Twenty-four corn cultivars were evaluated for silage performance. In the evaluation, all measured parameters differed significantly, except the number of ears per plant. According to the two-year average results; cultivar Hido had the the shortest emergence period and while cultivar PR31D24 had the longest emergence period. The BC5610, BC8605 and Hido were the earliest cultivars to reach the silage maturity through forming ear and tassel silkings. On the other hand, the PR31D24 and PR31G98 were the latest cultivars to reach the silage maturity. While the cultivars DKC-5783 and Hacibey had the highest number of ear per plant, the cultivar Oran (0.7) had the least number of ear per plant. In the present study, the highest number of leaves was obtained from Korimbos and Hacıbey cultivars, and the least was obtained from KWS 6565 cultivar. The highest herbage yield was obtained from cultivar Oran with 53681 kg/ha, and the lowest herbage yield was obtained from KWS 6565 variety with 33174 kg/ha. In line with these results, Hido, BC 5610 and BC 8605 were the earliest cultivars for silage maturity, however, in terms of herbage yield, number of ears and leaves per plant, Oran, DKC-5783, Hacıbey and Korimbos cultivars were the most promising cultivars under second crop conditions in Kayseri and similar ecologies., Bu çalışma, Kayseri koşullarında ikinci ürün silajlık mısır üretim olanaklarını araştırmak amacıyla Erciyes Üniversitesi Tarımsal Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezine ait uygulama alanında, 2014 ve 2015 yıllarında ikinci ürün şartlarında yürütülmüştür. Bitki materyali olarak, tescil listesinde yer alan 24 mısır çeşidi değerlendirilmiştir. Yapılan değerlendirmede, bitki başına koçan sayısı hariç ölçülen tüm parametreler önemli derecede farklılık göstermiştir. İki yıllık ortalama sonuçlara göre; çeşitlerden çıkış süresi en kısa olan Hido çeşidi, çıkış süresi en uzun olan ise PR31D24 çeşidi olmuştur. BC5610, BC8605 ve Hido çeşitleri en kısa sürede tepe ve koçan püskülü çıkarıp silaj için olgunlaşan çeşitler olmuştur. Diğer yandan en geç tepe ve koçan püskülü çıkararak en geç silaj için hasada ulaşan çeşitler de PR31D24 ve PR31G98 olmuştur. Koçan sayısı en fazla olan DKC-5783 ve Hacıbey çeşitleri, koçan sayısı en az olan çeşit ise Oran (0.7 adet bitki-1) olarak tespit edilmiştir. Denemede en fazla yaprak sayısı Korimbos ve Hacıbey çeşitlerinde, en az ise KWS 6565 çeşidinde tespit edilmiştir. En yüksek hasıl verimi 5368.1 kg da-1 ile Oran çeşidinde, en düşük ise 3317.4 kg da-1 ile KWS 6565 çeşidinden elde edilmiştir. Bu sonuçlar doğrultusunda, erkencilik yönünden Hido çeşidi başta olmak üzere silaj için hasat olgunluğuna en erken ulaşan BC 5610 ve BC 8605 çeşitleri, hasıl verimi, bitki başına koçan ve yaprak sayısı gibi karakterler yönünden ise daha yüksek değerlere sahip olan Oran, DKC-5783, Hacıbey ve Korimbos çeşitlerinin Kayseri ve benzer ekolojilerde ikinci ürün şartlarında ümit var oldukları bulunmuştur.

Phosphorus is an important element that affects the generative development, seed and fruit quality of plants. This study was carried out in the ecological conditions of Kahramanmaras province to determine the effects of different phosphorus doses on the vegetation, yield, and quality characteristics of black cumin. The experiment was carried out in the field of “Field Crops Research and Application Department of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Faculty of Agriculture” in the winter growing seasons of 2017-18 and 2019-20, according to the split plots in randomized blocks as 3 replications. Two Nigella genotypes, one of which is a registered variety (Cameli variety), and five different P doses (0, 3, 6, 9, 12 kg da-1) were used in the study. According to the research findings, while phosphorus doses did not have a significant effect on plant characteristics such as plant height, number of branches, number of capsules, it was determined that it affected the number of seeds in the capsule and seed yield. The highest number of seeds per capsule (128.23 per capsule-1) was obtained from the highest P (12 kg da-1) application, and the highest seed yield (136.04 kg da-1) was obtained from the 6 kg da-1 P application. Significant differences were observed in doses and genotype × dose interaction in terms of quality characteristics.

In this study, genetic and environmental variability, broad-sense heritability, genetic advance and correlation coefficients of pod yield, yield components, oil and protein content of ten registered peanut varieties were examined. Year (Y), location (L), year x location interaction (Y x L), genotype (G), genotype x year interaction (G x Y), genotype x location interaction (G x L) and genotype x year x location interaction (G x Y x L) were significant, but G x Y for shelling percentage was not significant. Genotypic and phenotypic variances were highest for pod yield followed by hundred pod weight, whereas all investigated traits of peanut varieties were significantly different. Broad sense heritability estimates ranged from moderate level to high. Heritability values were estimated to be maximum for shelling percentage (95.4%), hundred kernel weight (91.6%), hundred pod weight (88.3%), while moderate for pod number (63.8%), pod weight (60.4%), first quality pod ratio (63.3%), pod yield (63.2%), oil content (52.0%) and protein content (52.5%). High heritability for shelling percentage, hundred kernel weight and hundred pod weight indicated that these characteristics were affected less than the others by the environmental conditions. The magnitudes of genetic advance were observed to be very high (>50%) for hundred pod weight, 100 kernel weight, pod weight and pod yield; moderate (20-50%) for pod number, first quality pod ratio, shelling percentage and low (

No-tillage agricultural practices and pre-plant applications in agricultural systems have become quite commonin recent years. In this study, the effect was examined of pre-plant applications on agronomic characteristicsand yield in silage maize cultivation under no-tillage conditions. Plants of the forage legumes (common vetch,narbon vetch and fodder pea) and cereals (barley, triticale and annual ryegrass) were used as pre-plantsmaterials and the values of plant height, green herbage yield, dry matter ratio, dry matter yield, leaf/stemratio, peak tasselling time and core tasselling time were determined in silage maize. The data obtaineddemonstrated, that the green herbage yield and dry matter yield of maize was higher when the forage legumeplants were used as pre-plants. Among the legumes, common vetch increased maize green herbage yield anddry matter yield more than other plants. On contrast, plants of the in cereals family caused a decrease in themaize yield. It was concluded that legume plants should be selected as pre-plant in no-tillage silage maizecultivation. Good results were obtained especially from common vetch, and the use of cereals as pre-plant hada negative effect on the maize for silage grown subsequently.

This study was conducted under Cumra ecological conditions between 2019 and 2020 in order to determine theperformance of some KWS hybrid corn varieties (V1; Kerbanis, V2; Kefieros, V3; Kontigos, V4; Kefrancos,V5; 2572) belonging to different maturity groups. When the results obtained in both years of the study wereevaluated together, it was seen that the highest leaf number, grain protein content, and the lowest stalk lodgingvalues were obtained from the V3 variety. The highest first ear height and thousand grain weight values wereobtained from the V2, V4, and V5 varieties. The highest ear weight and grain weight per ear values wereobtained from the V2 and V5 varieties. The highest grain ear ratio, hectoliter, and the lowest grain moisturevalues were obtained from the V1 variety. The highest plant height, number of grains per ear, tasseling stage,ear length, ear diameter, stalk lodging, and grain moisture values were obtained from the V5 variety.However, obtaining the highest stalk lodging and grain moisture values from this variety in both researchyears eliminated the other positive characteristics of this variety. The highest grain yield values were obtainedfrom the V2 variety. When the evaluation is done by taking into account the highest grain yield, lowest grainmoisture, and stalk lodging values together, it is seen that the V3 variety is of a nature that can berecommended for Cumra-Konya ecological conditions.

Intercropping used in modern agricultural systems is designed for growing more plant species in the samefield for maximized growth parameters. This study was conducted to understand the effects of row seedingconfiguration (same, alternate and cross seeding row) and different Sudangrass ratios (25 and 50%) on yield,quality, and competitive ability of common vetch in second crop production. Among row seedingconfiguration, same row seeding maximized the aboveground biomass production but decreased belowgroundbiomass, crude protein content and NDF (Neutral Detergent Fiber). Plant height, ratio, ADF (Acid DetergentFiber) content, AGRNE (Aboveground Relative Neighbor Effect), and BGRNE (Belowground RelativeNeighbor Effect) were not affected by row seeding configurations. In order to maximize the utilization fromthe row seeding configuration, the same row seeding can increase the aboveground biomass but mitigatebelowground biomass and crude protein content. The row seeding configuration may represent a potential foryield, quality, and competitive ability when sown as a mixture using 25% Sudangrass ratio.

Irish potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a strategic food security crop in Zimbabwe which is a good source of carbohydrates. This has created the need to increase research so as to increase potato productivity. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of earthing up and nutrient management on potato growth and yield. The study was carried out in Masvingo district of Masvingo Province. The experiment was laid out as a 2*3*3 factorial design with 18 treatments replicated three times to give 54 plots. Days to maturity were observed when potato plant leaves turned yellow and 85% of the tubers were ready for harvest at physiological maturity. Results show that plant height was not significantly affected (p

A field experiment has been conducted in the region of Dobrudja with the aim to investigate the essential oil yield and its chemical composition by four lavender varieties: Hemus, Sevtopolis, Yubileyna and Druzhba. The experiment has been arranged according to the Randomized Complete- Block Design in four replications and a plot size of 10 m2. The essential oil yields varied from 90 l ha-1 by the variety Hemus to 131 l ha-1 by the variety Sevtopolis. The major constituents of the essential oil were linalyl acetate (25.5-39.7%) and linalool (27.6- 38.9%). The content of linalyl acetate was the highest by the variety Hemus, as only by this variety the ratio between linalyl acetate and linalool is 1:0.7, which defined the essential oil as high qualitative., Dobruca bölgesinde, (Hemus, Seuthopolis, Jubilee ve Druzhba) dört çeşit lavantanın uçucu yağ verimini ve kimyasal bileşimini incelemek için bir saha deneyi kuruldu. Deneme, deneme parseli 10 m2 büyüklüğünde ve dört tekerrürlü olarak kesirli parseller yöntemine göre düzenlenmiştir. Uçucu yağ verimleri Hemus için 90 l ha-1ˈden Seuthopolis için 131 l ha-1ˈe kadar değişir. Uçucu yağın ana bileşenleri (% 25.5-39.7) linalilasetat ve (% 27.6-38.9) linalool dur. Linalilasetat içeriği Hemus çeşidinde en yüksektir ve sadece bu çeşitte linalilasetat ile linalool arasındaki oran 1: 0.7ˈdir, bu da uçucu yağın yüksek kalitede olduğunu belirler.

Genetic diversity, heritability, the genetic advance of yield, and associated traits are some important criteria to generate some basic information related to the genetic improvement of crops. Some characters of Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw. genotype fruits have been evaluated for their improvement purpose. Genotypes and fruit samples of Sechium were randomly collected for fruit traits such as length (FL), width (FW), circumference/girth (FC), and the number of ridges (FR) from the various parts of village Kigwema of Kohima district, Nagaland at a mean value of latitude (25.60690 N), longitude (94.34250 E) and altitude (1538 masl) for the purpose. Genotypes and fruit samples collection for trait study normally distributed in histogram plot and normality test. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) estimated significant differences in fruit sample traits. The phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was greater than the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the traits. The phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation was recorded maximum for trait fruit length, while maximum heritability was recorded for trait fruit circumference. High heritability and high genetic advance estimates for fruit circumference suggest that it could be considered for further improvement through various breeding programs. Principle component analysis (PCA) showed that fruit length and fruit ridges numbers are responsible for most of the variations observed in the fruit morphology and could be considered for its improvement. Fruit width recorded maximum for correlation coefficient direct value indicated towards effect on the fruit circumference and direct selection of the trait for its improvement.

The essential oil of the herb of the medicinal plant known as “smoke tree” (Cotinus coggygria Scop.) from Eastern, Anatolia (Turkey) was analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). Twenty ingredients were identified for flowers representing 100% of the total oil while eleven ingredients were characterized in leaf essential oil comprising 99.96% of the oil extracted. As thymol (31.33%) and carvone (20.57%) were comprising main ingredients of the flower oil, the major ingredients of the leaf were determined as limonene and cis-ocimene by 48.53% and 23.57%, respectively. Identification of thymol form leaf sample as the predominant ingredient was first reported.

Priming fresh and naturally aged canola seeds with different substances and observing the seed germination properties are involved in this work. Fresh seeds and aged seeds of canola cv. “süzer” were treated with distilled water, -0.8 MPa polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 and 50 mM thiamine for 8 hours. Storage of canola seeds showed the loss of germination capacity compared to fresh seeds. Present findings indicate that priming can improve germination and germination speed both in fresh and aged seeds of canola. Germination percentage increased in aged seeds with distilled water priming and thiamine priming. Mean germination times were lower in the primed seeds. Seedling growth didn’t improve with priming in both ages. It was concluded that germination performance improvement of aged seeds is possible with suitable priming.

This study was aimed to determine the effects of different cultivation and irrigation methods on wheat in 2017-2018 and 2019-2020. The experiment design was the split-plots in randomized blocks with 3 replications. The main plots were conventional flat cultivation (CFC) and raised-bed cultivation (RBC), and sub-plots were rain-fed conditions, surface irrigation and drip irrigation. The CFC and RBC resulted in the grain yield of 5.13 and 4.33 t ha-1, respectively. The grain yield of 5.21 and 5.55 t ha-1 were obtained by surface irrigation and drip irrigation, respectively. The yield in CFC (16%) and drip irrigation (6%) were relatively higher than RBC and surface irrigation. Irrigation water productivity (1.72 kg m-3) in RBC was higher compared to 1.23 kg m-3 in CFC. The irrigation water applied was 468 and 258 mm in CFC and basin irrigation and in RBC and drip irrigation, respectively. Crop evapotranspiration was 813 and 725 mm in CFC and the basin irrigation, and in RBC under the drip irrigation, respectively. The CFC under basin irrigation was more appropriate compared to RBC and drip irrigation. Insufficient and improper distribution of rainfall and temperatures more than 30 oC caused lower yield.

Bu araştırma, dokuz farklı italyan çimi çeşidinin bazı verim ve kalite özelliklerini incelemek amacıyla 2019-2020 yılı vejetasyon döneminde Burdur ili Bucak ilçesinde yürütülmüştür. Deneme, tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre üç tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuştur. Araştırmada Medoacus, Reis, Rambo, Trinova, Alberto, Baqueno, Devis, Efe-82 ve Bigboss isimli italyan çimi çeşitlerinin, ana sap uzunluğu, ana sap kalınlığı, yeşil ot verimi, kuru ot verimi, ham protein oranı, ham protein verimi, ADF ve NDF oranları araştırılmıştır. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre, italyan çimi çeşitlerinin ana sap uzunlukları 100.00-107.33 cm, ana sap kalınlıkları 2.53-3.95 mm, yeşil ot verimleri 3108-5550 kg da-1, kuru ot verimleri 1147.25-1634.43 kg da-1, ham protein oranları %11.23-15.47, ham protein verimleri 152.93-219.77 kg da-1, ADF oranları %33.51-36.61 ve NDF oranları %58.31-62.22 arasında bulunmuştur. Çeşitlerin ana sap kalınlıkları, yeşil ot verimleri, ham protein oranları, ADF ve NDF oranları arasındaki farklılıklar %1 düzeyinde önemli bulunurken, kuru ot verimleri ve ham protein verimi ortalamaları arasındaki farklılıkların %5 düzeyinde önemli olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda en yüksek yeşil ot verimi, kuru ot verimi ve ham protein oranı Sorge, Rambo, Trinova çeşitlerinden elde edilmiş, ADF ve NDF değerleri bakımından ise en düşük değerler Notion ve Efe 82 çeşitlerinde tespit edilmiştir., This research was carried out in Bucak district of Burdur province during the vegetation period of 2019-2020 to determine some yield and quality characteristics of nine different Italian ryegrass varieties. The experiment was established in randomized block design with three replications. In the study, the main stem length, main stem thickness, green herbage yield, hay yield, crude protein ratio, crude protein yield in Italian grass varieties named Medoacus, Reis, Rambo, Trinova, Alberto, Baqueno, Devis, Efe-82, and Bigboss. ADF rate and NDF rates have been investigated. Main stem lengths of Italian grass varieties were determined between 100.00-107.33 cm, main stem thickness was 2.53-3.95 mm, green herbage yields were 3108-5550 kg da-1, hay yields were 1147.25-1634.43 kg da-1, crude protein ratio was 11.23-15.47%, crude protein yield was 152.93-219.77 kg da-1, ADF rates 33.51-3 6.61% and NDF rates 58.31-62.22%. While the differences between main stem thickness, green herbage yields, crude protein ratios, ADF and NDF ratios of the varieties were found to be significant at the level of 1%, the differences between the hay yields and crude protein yield averages of the varieties were found to be significant at the 5% level. The highest green herbage yield, hay yield and crude protein ratio were obtained from Sorge, Rambo, Trinova varieties, and the lowest values in terms of ADF and NDF values were determined in Notion and Efe-82 varieties. Main stem lengths of Italian grass varieties were determined between 100.00-107.33 cm, main stem thickness were 2.53-3.95 mm, greengrass yields were 3108-5550 kg/da, hay yields were 1147.25-1634.43 kg/da, crude protein ratio was 11.23-15.47%, crude protein yield was 152.93-219.77 kg/da, ADF rates 33.51-3 6.61% and NDF rates 58.31-62.22%. While the differences between main stem thickness, greengrass yields, crude protein ratios, ADF and NDF ratios of the varieties were found to be significant at the level of 1%, the differences between the hay yields and crude protein yield averages of the varieties were found to be significant at the 5% level.The highest gren grassyield, hay yield and crude protein ratio were obtained from Sorge, Rambo, Trinova varieties, and the lowest values in terms of ADF and NDF values were determined in Notion and Efe 82 varieties.

Planned plant breeding studies in our country started with the establishment of seed breedingstations in 1925, together with the Republican Period. Public Agriculture Laboratory, which was established inAnkara in 1928, was transformed into a Seed Improvement Station in 1930, and a Seed Improvement and TrialStation in 1936 with the authorization to conduct trials. With the enactment of the "Law No. 308 on theRegistration, Control and Certification of Seeds" in 1963, a new era began in seed production in Turkey. In 2004,“Law No. 5042 on the Protection of Breeders' Rights Belonging to New Plant Varieties” and “Seed Law No.5553” in 2006 came into force. Since 2008, the restructuring of the private sector has been completed to a largeextent within the scope of the Seed As a result of the enactment of the Seed Law, important developments havebeen experienced in the private sector seed production. As a result of these developments, certified seedproduction and distribution, which was 110,000 tons in the 1996 production season, 145,000 tons in the 2002production season, and 371,000 tons in the 2006 production season, reached 1,241,000 tons in the 2020production season. While there have been positive developments in variety breeding and seed production in selfpollinated plants, domestic variety breeding studies in corn, sunflower, sugar beet and hybrid vegetable areashave not achieved the desired level of improvement. In order for the seed sector to reach the desired level in ourcountry, new approaches are needed in support and market control., Ülkemizde planlı bitki ıslahı çalışmaları Cumhuriyet’in ilanından sonra-1925 yılından itibaren- tohumıslah istasyonlarının kurulması ile başlamıştır. 1928 yılında Ankara’da kurulan Umum Ziraat Laboratuvarı, 1930yılında Tohum Islah İstasyonuna, 1936 yılında da deneme yapma yetkisi de verilerek Tohum Islah ve Denemeİstasyonuna dönüştürülmüştür. 1963 yılında "308 sayılı Tohumlukların Tescil, Kontrol ve SertifikasyonuHakkında Kanun’un çıkarılmasıyla ülkemiz tohumluk üretiminde yeni bir dönem başlamıştır. 2004 yılında “YeniBitki Çeşitlerine Ait Islahçı Haklarının Korunmasına İlişkin 5042 sayılı Kanun” ve 2006 yılında “5553 sayılıTohumculuk Kanunu” yürürlüğe girmiştir. 2008 yılından itibaren özel sektörün yeniden yapılanması 5553 sayılıTohumculuk Kanunu kapsamında büyük ölçüde tamamlanmıştır. Bu gelişmelerin bir sonucu olarak 1996 üretimsezonunda 110.000 ton, 2002 üretim sezonunda 145.000 ton, 2006 üretim sezonunda 371.000 ton olarakgerçekleşen sertifikalı tohumluk üretim miktarı ve dağıtımı, 2020 üretim sezonunda 1.241.000 ton üretimmiktarına ulaşmıştır. Kendine döllenen bitkilerin ıslahı ve tohumluk üretimlerinde olumlu gelişmeler yaşanırken,mısır, ayçiçeği, şeker pancarı ve hibrit sebze alanlarında yerli çeşit ıslah çalışmalarında istenilen düzeyde birgelişme sağlanamamıştır. Tohumculuk sektörünün ülkemizde istenen seviyeye gelebilmesi için destekleme vedenetleme konularında yeni yaklaşımlara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.

This study investigated the flower structures of a black mulberry population in Tokat province and its surroundings. Of the investigated black mulberry trees of the population, 49% were identified as monoecious-male, 43% as dioecious-female, 5.7% as dioecious-male and 2.3% as monoecious-mixed. Generally, four stamens were identified in male flowers and especially in mixed catkins, 3 or 2 stamens were also identified in male flowers. Female flowers were composed of a long two-lobed stigma and an ovary. Catkin lengths of male flowers varied between 42.7-22.8 mm and catkin lengths of female flowers varied between 24.1-4.3 mm. The number of male flowers per catkin varied between 26.36-10.62 in dioecious trees and 26.3-14.1 in monoecious trees. The number of female flowers per catkin varied between 36.16-13.5 in monoecious trees and between 52.0-15.6 in dioecious trees. There were significant differences in the phenological stages of the flowers. Flowering lasted about 60 days in all genotypes.

Mustard grows in many parts of the world thanks to its ability to adapt to different climatic conditions. It has the potential to be an important oilseed plant especially in the east of Turkey. There is scarcely any information available about fertilization in mustard cultivation in Turkey. Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, a good source of nutrients for the soil, have a positive effect on the growth, development, and yield of the plant in case they are applied at the optimum level. This study was carried out in 2015 and 2016 with the purpose of examining the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on the yield and agronomic characteristics of mustard. Five doses of nitrogen (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 kg ha-1) and phosphorus (0, 30, 60, 90, 120 kg ha-1) were tested. It was found that the nitrogen and phosphorus applications had significant effects on the plant growth, yield, and yield components in both 2015 and 2016. The characteristics examined within the scope of the study were significantly affected by the applications, and the oil content and seed yield increased with the increasing fertilizer doses. The results of the study emphasize the importance of fertilizer applications for the mustard plants grown in semi-arid climates. 200 kg ha-1 of nitrogen and 120 kg ha-1 of phosphorus were found to yield better results, and it was observed that the seed yield of mustard could be increased by increasing the doses of nitrogen and phosphorus.

Seed yields of 14 soybean genotypes were evaluated in four locations i.e. Adana, Şanlıurfa, Antalya and İzmir under second crop conditions through summer seasons from 2014 to 2016. The aims of research are to estimate the stability parameters in terms of seed yield of 14 soybean genotypes by used different stability analysis methods across eleven environmental conditions and to study interrelationship among these stability methods. The analysis of variance for seed yield revealed that the genotypes and the environments as well as the genotype x environment interactions (GEI) were statistically significant at P

Technological characteristics (dry weight, dry volume, wet weight, wet volume, water absorption capacity, waterabsorption index, hydration coefficient, swelling capacity, swelling index, cooking time, number of destructedseeds after cooking) of 27 chickpea cultivars grown under natural conditions (without the use ofchemical/organic fertilizers) were investigated in this study. Except for water absorption index and hydrationcoefficients, effects of cultivars on investigated characteristics were found to be significant. The wet weight, wetvolume and water absorption capacity characteristics on PC1 explained 49.33% of total variation and swellingcapacity, swelling index and unit weight characteristics on PC2 explained 25.79% of total variation (bothexplaining 75.12% of total variation). Dry weight had highly significant positive correlations with wet weight(r=0.9776), wet volume (r=0.9653) and water absorption capacity (r=0.9317). In terms of investigatedcharacteristics, cultivars were clustered under three groups in scatter plot and dendrogram was composed ofthree sub-clusters under two main clusters.

Rangeland plant communities respond to environmental changes depending on management practices, climate, topography, and time. The objective of the study was to determine the changes in abundancy of functional plant groups, range condition score, class, and health with different topographical characteristics between 1993 and 2013. Trends in the investigated characteristics changed depending on aspect and topography. While the abundancy of decreaser and increaser plants decreased, invader plant abundancy increased over two decades. Similarly, range condition score, class, and health also declined in this period. The changes in investigated properties showed uneven distribution among the sites due to uncontrolled grazing practices and site characteristics. The results indicated that range degradation has been continued under current grazing practices. Therefore sustainable range management strategies should be put urgently into practice for the conservation of natural resources in the highland hilly rangelands of Turkey.

This study aimed to determine the effects of silicon (Si) and salicylic acid (SA) seed priming applications on the germination parameters of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). The study was carried out in Siirt University, Faculty of Agriculture, Field Crops Laboratory, under controlled conditions at 24±1 °C. The plant material of the study was Rajan red clover (T. pratense L.) cultivar. The laboratory study was carried out in Petri dishes according to the randomized plots trial design with 4 replications. The subject of the study consists of hydropriming application with 2 mM, 4 mM, and 6 mM priming doses of Si and 0.5 mM, 1.0 mM, and 1.5 mM priming doses of SA. The study also included the non-priming application as a control subject. The germination percentage, mean germination time, germination index, coefficient of uniformity of germination, and germination energy properties were examined in terms of the effect on germination development in different priming applications applied to red clover. Significant differences were found between the priming applications in terms of all germination parameters examined. It is thought that early germination, more uniform germination, and higher germination rate can be achieved with priming applications in plants with germination problems such as red clover. In this respect, 2 mM Si priming application can be recommended.

Drought stress significantly reduces the growth and yield of cotton plants; therefore, reducing the damage caused by drought stress and improving the plant growth are highly important. The aims of this study were to investigate some of physiological and biochemical properties of cotton plants exposed to different drought levels and to determine the extent of improvement obtained by exogenous glycine betaine treatment for the damages caused by the adverse effects of drought. Three drought levels were created using PEG (Polyethylene glycol 6000) solution (0%, 10% and 20%). The drought groups were also divided into 2 subgroups by using 0 (control: glycine betaine solution was not applied) and 2 mM glycine betaine solution. The pot experiment was established in a growth chamber with 3 replications and the experiment repeated twice. The changes in the contents of contents of chlorophyll a and b, carotenoid, total dissolved protein, total dissolved carbohydrate and some nutrients were investigated. Chlorophyll a and b, calcium, magnesium, sodium and phosphorus concentrations were decreased, while carotenoid, total dissolved protein and carbohydrate, potassium contents increased with the increasing drought level. The results revealed that adverse effects of drought stress on cotton plants were alleviated by exogenous application of glycine betaine.

Bu araştırma Yozgat ekolojik koşullarında ekilen kişnişin (Coriandrum sativum L.) bazı tarımsal özellikleri ile uçucu yağ oranı üzerine faklı fosfor dozlarının etkilerinin incelenmesi amacıyla Yozgat Bozok Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Araştırma ve Uygulama alanında 2018 vejetasyon döneminde yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada iki kişniş çeşidi (Arslan ve Gürbüz) ile faklı fosfor (P2O5) dozu (U-1: Kontrol, U-2:2 kg da-1, U-3:4 kg da-1, U-4:6 kg da-1, U-5:8 kg da-1ve U-6: 10 kg da-1) kullanılmıştır. Araştırma Tesadüf Bloklarında Bölünmüş Parseller Deneme Desenine göre üç tekrarlamalı olarak kurulmuştur. Ekim 18 Nisan 2018’de yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre; bitki boyu, bitki başına dal sayısı, bitki başına şemsiye sayısı, şemsiyede meyve sayısı, ilk dal yüksekliği, bin meyve ağırlığı, biyolojik verim, tohum verimi, hasat indeksi, uçucu yağ oranı ve uçucu yağ veriminde ortalama değerler sırasıyla 43-53 cm, 4-5 adet, 5-7 adet, 14-21 adet, 22-30 cm,10-28 g, 125-228 kg da-1, 59-105 kg da-1, %38-53, %0.4-0.7 ve 25-59 L da-1 olarak kaydedilmiştir. Meyve verimi, uçucu yağ oranı ve uçucu yağ verimi açısından alınan değerlerin artan fosfor dozlarına kıyasla istatiksel bir artış göstermediği tespit edilmiştir.