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Abstract Introduction Certain aspects of indigenous communities, such as cultural practices and access to care, have been discussed as potential determinants of oral health. However, research on this topic remains limited. Understanding the factors influencing oral health and their perceptions is crucial for developing culturally appropriate interventions. This study aims to evaluate the determinants and self-perception of oral health through a mixed study within a specific indigenous community in the north of Chile. Furthermore, this is the first study to examine oral health in the Quechua and Aymara communities of Chile. Methods This exploratory study was conducted in in two phases: a quantitative phase, involving clinical examination and administration of questionnaires; and qualitative phase, consisting of interviews with subset of participants from the quantitative phase. A descriptive statistic of the quantitative data was performed. Results While no significant differences were found between indigenous and non-indigenous population in this city of Chile, differences were observed between the two main indigenous communities (Aymaras and Quechuas). Historical factors appeared to influence these differences. Belonging to the Aymara community emerges as a significant determinant of oral health, characterized by a greater need for oral rehabilitation, barriers to accessing dental care, lower self-perception of the quality of oral health. Educational level and rurality were identified as factors potentially affecting the oral health status of this community. Conclusion Ethnicity can influence in oral health, primarily in relation to rurality and educational level. This study found no significant overall differences in oral health between Indigenous and non-Indigenous participants. However, Quechuas exhibited better oral health than Aymaras. Participants demonstrated good oral health knowledge and a positive attitude towards prevention, despite recalling limited education in their youth. We emphasize the need for implementing strategies for oral health promotion and prevention that consider cultural, linguistic and specific needs of these communities.

Citizen science has become a proven method across a range of scientific disciplines, able to collect new and complementary data which enhances and adds context to existing scientific methods. By upscaling to a transnational level, citizen science could collect, analyse and exploit a vast amount of data across Europe and beyond, achieving a higher impact through creating a multinational community of citizen scientists. However, many citizen science initiatives start at a small-scale, facing technical and practical challenges when attempting to upscale to a wider level, with current EU mechanisms not providing the support or resources required to assist their effort. The CROPS project (crops-cs.eu) will evolve the EU Research & Innovation system so that it can support the transition of citizen science from small-scale to a Europe-wide level, changing it towards a modern, open-science approach. CROPS consists of four activities: (i) appraisal of existing citizen science, their activities and their suitability for upscaling; (ii) creation of protocols and guidance for the upscaling of citizen science, replicating and building on best practice that exists; (iii) providing guidance regarding practical considerations such as open data sharing, sustainability, RRI and diverse funding opportunities; and (iv) development of transnational citizen science communities, including establishing societal coalitions and prospective citizen science champions to raise awareness of the potential of citizen science when addressing Horizon Europe EU Mission goals.

Introducción: Los avances en la literatura científica en los campos de la psicomo-tricidad, el desarrollo in-fantil y las pruebas psico-motoras han evidenciado una tendencia creciente en la producción académica durante el periodo 2020-2025. Objetivo: Este estudio se centró en analizar dicha producción mediante un análisis bibliométrico en la base de datos SCOPUS. Método: Las ecuaciones de búsqueda utilizaron des-criptores clave como "psychomotricity," "child development," y "psycomo-tor test," resultando en un total de 25,174 documen-tos registrados. Se observó un notable incremento en la producción científica durante los años 2023 a 2025, concentrando el 69% del total de publica-ciones en este periodo. Resultados: Luego de la revisión documental, se pudo observar que un gran porcentaje corres-pondió a artículos de inves-tigación (85%). En torno a los campos de estudio, con un 58.55% el ámbito edu-cativo encabeza la lista, mientras que la psicología y la neurociencia ocupan el segundo y tercer lugar con un 13.70% y un 19.05% respectivamente. Los paí-ses que más destacaron en la difusión del conocimien-to científico fueron Inglate-rra y Estaos Unidos. Amé-rica Latina tuvo una parti-cipación menor en compa-ración, con Uruguay lide-rando la producción regio-nal con 1.022 documentos. El estudio reflejó el inglés como el idioma más fre-cuente, destacando la necesidad de potenciar el español como lengua de difusión científica para ampliar su visibilidad. Conclusión: Los hallazgos destacan la importancia de seguir impulsando la inves-tigación en estas áreas y de fortalecer la cooperación internacional para consoli-dar redes académicas y aumentar la producción científica en regiones con menor representación.

En el presente trabajo nos centraremos en estudiar, a través de una amplia selección de sermones de Cuaresma pronunciados en la Corona de Castilla, en qué modo la predicación española del siglo XVII divulgaba intrincados conceptos teologales en este tiempo fuerte del ciclo litúrgico a la vez que hacía hincapié en las prácticas ascéticas que invitaban a soportar los rigores impuestos por este tiempo de conversión y reconciliación. Asimismo, analizaremos por qué algunos predicadores cuaresmales recurrían a un lenguaje teológico inaccesible para la mayoría, a sabiendas de que, durante esos cuarenta días de penitencia, el auditorio se mostraba más preocupado que nunca por su salvación.

Diabetes is one of the most prevalent health diseases that is characterized by elevated blood glucose levels. It is considered a primary cause of morbidity and mortality, affecting approximately 425 million people worldwide. This paper discusses recent studies about currently available and utilized techniques for glucose and hydration monitoring. It aims to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of existing devices and methods and identify future advancements in improving processes involved in glucose and hydration monitoring. Various glucose monitoring techniques are classified as invasive, minimally invasive, and non-invasive. Proper hydration is essential for improving physical performance and lowering the risk of dehydration, which can lead to severe diabetes-related emergencies. Numerous approaches for hydration monitoring include thermal, colorimetric, and piezoresistive sensing. Due to the need for accurate and precise blood glucose control in diabetes management, biosensors are widely employed. 3D printing is primarily used to manufacture components with precise dimensions and smooth surfaces, which are crucial for developing highly sensitive sensors. These improvements are expected to offer high-accuracy results and show real-time readings, marking an opportunity for future breakthroughs in monitoring technologies.

Observa-se a produção normativa especialmente aplicável às relações de trabalho no contexto das mais frequentes formas de discriminação no Brasil, como meio de se identificar a ocorrência da adequação do direito laboral pátrio a um dos elementos do conceito de Trabalho Decente formulado pela OIT. Verificam- se para tanto as normas elencadas pela doutrina, bem como a análise realizada por diversos autores acerca dessas mesmas normas. Apresentam-se de forma pontual críticas às escolhas realizadas pelo legislador. Conclui-se pela somente parcial adequação das normas justrabalhistas aplicáveis no cenário brasileiro ao ideal de eliminação de todas as formas de discriminação, previsto no conceito de Trabalho Decente. Realiza- se sugestão de edição de normas que se compreendem potencialmente vantajosas aos trabalhadores atingidos pelas condutas discriminatórias.

The production of backyard chickens is an activity of great importance in the economy of rural families in Paraguay. The Rustipollos population was created through directed crosses between a commercial meat line and a local population belonging to non-specific breeds but phenotypically assimilated to Creole breeds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity, relationship, and structure of Rustipollos using 29 microsatellite markers. Analysis was performed on 50 Rustipollos animals and 926 other individuals as reference breeds/populations from Europe, Africa, South, and North America. A total of 318 alleles were detected, with a mean of 10.97 per locus. The polymorphic information content indicated that 80% of all loci were highly to moderately informative. Only two breeds/populations showed loci that did not deviate from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. The results of genetic diversity indexes suggested moderate levels of genetic variability in Rustipollos population and low inbreeding level. The genetic differentiation index indicates a high genetic differentiation between populations. The results of the Neighbor-Net tree and STRUCTURE analyses indicate the existence of distinct gene pools, with some genetic relationships between Rustipollos, the commercial chicken strain, and south Spanish breeds. The Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components confirmed the observed genetic distances between breeds/populations. The results will be useful for sustainable use and official recognition of this population.

Besides its thermogenic capacity, brown adipose tissue (BAT) performs important secretory functions that regulate metabolism. However, the BAT microenvironment and factors involved in BAT homeostasis and adaptation to cold remain poorly characterized. We therefore aimed to study brown adipocyte-derived secreted factors that may be involved in adipocyte function and/or may orchestrate intercellular communications. For this, mRNA levels in mature adipocytes from mouse adipose depots were assessed using RNA sequencing upon chronic cold acclimation, and bioinformatic analysis was used to identify secreted factors. Among 858 cold-sensitive transcripts in BAT adipocytes were 210 secreted factor-encoding genes, and Cxcl12 was the top brown adipocyte-enriched cytokine. Cxcl12 mRNA expression analysis by RT-qPCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization specified Cxcl12 distribution in various cell types, and indicated its enrichment in cold-acclimated brown adipocytes. We found that CXCL12 secretion from BAT was increased after chronic cold, yet its level in plasma remained unchanged, suggesting a local/paracrine function. Cxcl12 knockdown in mature brown adipocytes impaired thermogenesis, as assessed by norepinephrine (NE)-induced glycerol release and mitochondrial respiration. However, knockdown of Cxcl12 did not impact β-adrenergic signaling, suggesting that CXCL12 regulates adipocyte function downstream of the β-adrenergic pathway. Moreover, we provide evidence for CXCL12 to exert intercellular cross-talk via its capacity to promote macrophage chemotaxis and neurite outgrowth. Collectively, our results indicate that CXCL12 is a brown adipocyte-enriched, cold-induced secreted factor involved in adipocyte function and the BAT microenvironment communication network.

Fish products are rich in essential nutrients, especially polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), prone to lipid oxidation. This study explores hop (Humulus lupulus) leaves, a byproduct of the brewing industry, as a natural antioxidant in rough scad patties during storage conditions. Raw and cooked patties formulated with and without hop leaves or hop leaf extract were evaluated for macronutrient composition, fatty acid profile, amino acid content, phenolic compound content, and lipid peroxidation. The incorporation of hop leaves extract into raw patties resulted in a significant increase in phenolic compound content and antioxidant capacity. The protective properties of the extract were maintained in cooked patties, demonstrating its potential to preserve the nutritional value of PUFAs against lipid peroxidation. This research suggests that hop leaves could be a valuable natural source of antioxidants to mitigate lipid oxidation and preserve PUFAs in fish-based products.

X-linked recessive deficiency of TLR7, a MyD88- and IRAK-4-dependent endosomal ssRNA sensor, impairs SARS-CoV-2 recognition and type I IFN production in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), thereby underlying hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia with high penetrance. We report 22 unvaccinated patients with autosomal recessive MyD88 or IRAK-4 deficiency infected with SARS-CoV-2 (mean age: 10.9 yr; 2 mo to 24 yr), originating from 17 kindreds from eight countries on three continents. 16 patients were hospitalized: six with moderate, four with severe, and six with critical pneumonia, one of whom died. The risk of hypoxemic pneumonia increased with age. The risk of invasive mechanical ventilation was also much greater than in age-matched controls from the general population (OR: 74.7, 95% CI: 26.8-207.8, P < 0.001). The patients susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 can be attributed to impaired TLR7-dependent type I IFN production by pDCs, which do not sense SARS-CoV-2 correctly. Patients with inherited MyD88 or IRAK-4 deficiency were long thought to be selectively vulnerable to pyogenic bacteria, but also have a high risk of hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia.

In the recent years, Machine Learning (ML) has demonstrated a significant potential in handling big amounts of diverse data and generating rapid and accurate predictions. These capabilities, applied in risk analysis studies, can be particularly valuable in emergency planning of industrial sites, providing timely and reasonably accurate information during and after accidents. This work focuses on the determination of safety distances, which are an indispensable part of the risk assessment of Seveso establishments. Specifically, ML models are implemented to predict safety distances in toxic dispersion scenarios of three substances, namely ammonia, chlorine and ethylene oxide. For the purpose of training the models, a database is constructed using ALOHA software, containing different scenarios over a wide range of atmospheric and process conditions that influence the release and the dispersion phenomena. Four distinct supervised ML models are deployed to perform classification and regression tasks, predicting distances for the intervention zone. The models are tuned and evaluated based on common statistical metrics, as well as a case-specific metric. The results indicate that classification is achieved in all the cases with similar degree of agreement, while regression varies significantly among the models.

Introducción: Las universidades tienen un rol importante en la formación de la integridad científica en sus estudiantes. A pesar de su importancia, se han estudiado pocas intervenciones que la mejoren. Objetivo: Evaluar los efectos de una intervención educativa sobre la integridad científica en estudiantes universitarios de la región sur del Perú. Metodología: Se aplicó una intervención educativa en tres fases (pretest, intervención y postest). Se aplicaron pruebas de comparación robustas para muestras dependientes, así como también medidas de tamaño del efecto AKP. Se aplicaron pruebas ANOVA mixtos. Se utilizaron las comparaciones por pares siguiendo el método de la p. ajustada de Bonferroni. Resultados: Participaron 402 estudiantes (63.93% de sexo femenino). La comparación de muestras dependientes entre las medidas postest y pretest encontró diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la dimensión conocimientos (tyuen = 3.93; gl = 240; p < .001; AKP = 0.22 [IC 95%: 0.12 – 0.33]) y en la dimensión prácticas (tyuen = 4.88; gl = 240; p < .001; AKP = 0.30 [IC 95%: 0.20 – 0.42]) y la región (2,392) = 4.16, p < .001, ?2 = 0.008. Discusión: La intervención fue efectiva según la evaluación en el postest con algunas diferencias según regiones.

Abstract Objective: to describe factors of influence of telenursing on naturalistic decision making about self-care of people with heart failure during COVID-19. Method: this is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach, with 16 participants interviewed after hospitalization for decompensated heart failure. The data was collected using audio and video technology and submitted to content analysis, guided by the Situation-Specific Theory of Heart Failure Self-Care. Result: two thematic categories emerged from the analysis: Self-care as a decision-making process and Factors influencing decision-making, which describe tele-nursing as a support resource for people with heart failure, during changes in care in the pandemic period. Conclusion: it was possible to understand the relationship between telenursing and the establishment of a bond, in order to stimulate naturalistic decision-making by people with heart failure in their daily lives in a coherent way, leading to better health outcomes.