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Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of a nurse‐led personalized telephone lifestyle intervention versus automated SMSs in the reduction of fasting plasma glucose in adults with prediabetes. Design: The PREDIPHONE is a randomized controlled, parallel, two arms, superiority trial with 15 months of follow‐up. Participants will be randomized to either the intervention group (teleconsultations) or the active control group (SMSs). Methods: A total of 428 participants will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to one of the two arms and followed up during 9 months. The teleconsultations group will receive nurse‐led personalized advice, while the SMSs group will receive 4–5 brief SMSs a week. Participants in both groups will receive evidence‐based recommendations for diet and physical activity (PA). Outcome measures will be collected at baseline, months 4 and 9 and at month 15, to evaluate post‐intervention effects. Discussion: Prevention of diabetes through the implementation of lifestyle interventions remains an important priority. The current pandemic situation has magnified its urgency as it heavily affected the functionality of the healthcare system. Moreover, it created the need of remotely delivering preventative interventions. This study will provide insights on the effectiveness and feasibility of a telephone‐based intervention led by nurses in the amelioration of risk factors associated with diabetes. Impact: Findings from this study will offer health services decision‐makers sound evidence regarding an alternative method to face‐to‐face consultations that could be practical, acceptable and inexpensive, and that concretely answers the need for easily implementable prevention strategies. Trial Registration: NCT04735640 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier). Protocol version: V1.0, 18/02/2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The effect of long-term (3 months) dietary antioxidant supplementation on the hematological parameters and the iron blood status of amateur athletes during their training and competition season have been evaluated. Eighteen amateur trained male athletes were randomly distributed in two groups: placebo (lactose) and antioxidant supplemented (vitamin E, 500 mg/d; vitamin C, 1g/d; and Beta-carotene, 30 mg/d). In addition, the results showed exercises decreased antioxidant defenses in the placebo group but not in the antioxidant-supplemented group.

Adequate dietary strategies are essential for the successful participation in ultra-endurance races. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the energy and water intakes of participants during three different mountain ultra-endurance runs. The study took place at the “Ultra Mallorca Serra de Tramuntana” (Mallorca, Spain), an ultra-endurance mountain event with runners participating either in a 44-km (Marathon,n = 51), a 67-km (Trail,n = 109) or a 112-km (Ultra,n = 53) run competition. Participants in the study answered a questionnaire focused on the nutritional intake within an hour after finishing the competition. Mean energy intake during the competitions was 183 kcal · h¯1, with an average carbohydrate intake of 31 g · h¯1(52.1% of participants consumed less than 30 g · h¯1). No significant differences between competitions were found in these parameters. However, a higher percentage of energy from lipids in participants in the Trail and the Ultra was found (P = 0.034). Furthermore, significant differences were observed in water intake per hour of competition (P = 0.039), with the lowest value for the intake during the Ultra competition. In conclusion, the majority of the participants in the study present low carbohydrate intakes. However, fluid intake seems to be adequate. Different distances did not significantly influence the participants’ nutritional strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Objective: To describe the cardiovascular risk factors in a working population in the Balearic Islands and to examine whether differences by social class vary according to age and gender., Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in a sample of active workers aged 20-65 years in the Balearic Islands. The participants were included in the study during their annual work health assessment in 2011. The following variables were collected: occupation, social class, age, gender, height, weight, smoking, blood pressure, lipid profile, and glucose levels. Cardiovascular risk was calculated using two different equations (Framingham and REGICOR)., Results: Differences by social class were observed for most cardiovascular risk factors. The pattern of these differences differed depending on age group and gender. Differences in obesity by social class increased with age in women but decreased in men. More differences in hypertension by social class were found among women than among men, with differences increasing with age in both genders. Significant differences by social class were found among women in lipid profile, and these differences increased with age, mainly for low levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol., Conclusions: Inequalities in cardiovascular risk factors by social class were higher among women than among men. Some cardiovascular risk factors such as smoking and obesity showed significant inequalities from a very early age., (Copyright © 2014 SESPAS. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.)