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The study was performed at the LRCAF institute of Horticulture in 2015-2017. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the morphological features of plants and fruits of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) cultivars, to select samples with economical features for breeding of constant lines and heteroses hybrids. There were estimated 21varieties and hybrids bred in Lithuania, Netherland, Poland and Russia. Plants were grown in unheated plastic tunnels. According the results of estimation there were selected samples with early blooming by stamens and pistillate flowers, distinct by plants height and shape, intensity of lateral stems growing, different fruits shape and taste. Cucumber varieties 'Krepysh', 'Liubimchik', 'Maliutka', 'Malysh' maybe used as donors of selection material for early fruiting cucumbers. Hybrids and varieties 'Akord', 'Altaj', 'Anulka', 'Atomic', 'Krepysh', 'Orfeus' are valuable for breeding of outdoor cucumbers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiments were carried out at the phytotron complex of Plant physiology laboratory of the Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry. The objective of our studies was to evaluate the effects of blue and red LED components on cucumber transplant cultivation grown in different peat and vermiculite - peat substrates. The transplants of cucumber hybrid 'Mandy' F1 were grown in phytotron chambers. The day/night temperature up to germination was 22-18 °C, and a 16 h photoperiod was maintained. Solid-state lighting lamps containing 665 and 451 nm light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were used in the experiments. The total photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) was 200 µmol cm-2s-1, the blue component composed 9% of the total PPFD. Control cucumber transplants were grown under the illumination of high-pressure sodium lamps (HPS). Substrates treatment: peat substrate and peat substrate with vermiculite (3 : 2 ratio). Our investigations revealed that under irradiation of red 665 nm and blue 451 nm light-emitting diodes the cucumber transplants grown in vermiculite - peat substrate were smaller, had a smaller leaf area, the number of leaves, the hypocotyl diameter and the length, fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll a and b content. Their development was faster (VIII organogenesis stage) as compared to the transplants cultivated under high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps (VI-VII stages). Finally, our results show that the light-emitting diodes and vermiculite - peat substrate stimulate the development of cucumber transplants. The cucumber transplants are not elongated, compact and of high quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experiments were carried out at the Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry Institute at the phytotron complex of Plant physiology laboratory. The objective of our studies was to explore the blue and red components of the spectrum of effects on cucumber transplant cultivation. Cucumber hybrid 'Mandy' F1 was used for investigation. Day/night temperature till germination was 25 °C, and a 14-h photoperiod was maintained. Cucumber seedlings were irradiated with solid-state lighting complex of modules consisting of a 638 nm red (R), as supplemented by blue 445 nm (B), red 669 nm (R669), far red 731 nm (FR) light: R, R + B; R + R669 + B, R + R669 + FR, R + R669 + TR + B. The total photosynthetic photon flux density was 200 micromole cm-2 s-1. Our investigations revealed that irradiation with red light of solid-state light is not enough for cucumber transplant cultivation. Under the modules, which are designed only for the red (R) and far-red part of the spectrum (R + R669 + FR) light-emitting diodes (LEDs), cucumber transplants were elongated and had the least number of leaves, the leaf area was also the least one, fresh / dry weight was minimal and there was established significantly lower amount of photosynthetic pigments. There was very low chlorophyll a and b ratio their leaves. The addition of a combination of blue LEDs 445 nm LED (R + B, R + B + R669, R669 + R + FR + B) shows that under these modules seedling hypocotyls were more than twice as short, formed twice as many leaves, their leaf area was seven times higher, and they accumulated more photosynthetic pigments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of our studies was to investigate the effect of solid-state short-wavelength sources of 455 nm blue light in combination with halogen lamps for growing of cucumber transplants. Experiments were performed in chambers and greenhouse of phytotron complex at the Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Institute of Horticulture. Cucumber hybrid 'Mandy' was used for the investigation. Cucumber transplants were grown under two illuminators. One of them was designed only from incandescent halogen lamps and another one from incandescent halogen lamps supplemented with 455 nm light-emitting diodes (LED s). It was established that supplemental blue LED s positively affected photosynthesis processes of cucumber transplants, though amount of blue light were not sufficient for significant decrease of plant elongation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the Lithuanian Institute of Horticulture in 2007-2009 cucumber hybrid 'Mandy' was grown in greenhouse covered with double polymeric film (sides covered with plastic). The influence of peat substrate volume per plant on dry matter accumulation in leaves and fruits, on early and total yield was investigated. Cucumber was grown in peat bags of different volume: 15 liters (7.5 liters per plant), 20 liters (10 liter per plant), 25 liters (12.5 liters per plant). During investigation there was measured plant height, established leaf assimilation areas, dry matter content in cucumber leaves and fruits, photosynthetic pigments content in cucumber leaves. The biggest leaf assimilation areas had cucumbers, which were grown in peat bags of 25 liters. Substrate volume did not influenced dry matter content in cucumber leaves and fruits, but influenced the earliness of investigated cucumber hybrid and affected yield size. Cucumbers, which were grown in peat bags of 25 liters, produced the biggest early and total yield. Average weight of fruits in all treatment was uniform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Influence of growth regulators on seed germination energy and biometrical parameters of vegetables was investigated at the Lithuanian Institute of Horticulture in 2007. The seeds of cucumber 'Krukiai' F1, red beet 'Joniai', radish 'Babtų žara', tomato 'Arvaisa' F1 were soaked in the solutions of growth regulators Biojodis, Biokal 01, Bioforce, Agronom effect, Inzar, Oksichumat, Penergetic p. Control - the seeds soaked in water. After soaking seeds were sown into multicell flats, in which plants were grown for 30 days in greenhouse. It was established seed germination energy and seedling biometrical measurements (plant height, weight, leaf number, leaf area) were carried out. Plant growth regulators Oksichumat, Agronom effect, Bioforce, Penergetic p positively influenced seed germination energy of radish, tomato and the growth and development of cucumber, red beet, tomato and radish seedlings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effect of Abamectin 18 g l-1 on two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch.) and leaf miner flies (Liriomyza strigata, Liriomyza bryoniae) was studied in greenhouse cucumbers in 2005-2006. Efficiency of Abamectin 18 g l-1 0.12 % and 0.1 % against two-spotted spider mite was respectively 92.24-100 % and 82.8-99.2 %. Efficiency of insecticide Abamectin 18 g l-1 0.075 % and 0.05 % against two-spotted spider mite was respectively 81.0-100 % and 72.4-94.0 %. Efficiency of Abamectin 18 g l-1 0.12 % and 0.1 % against leaf miner flies was respectively 63.6-80.3 % and 60.4-75.26 %. Efficiency of insecticide Abamectin 18 g l-1 0.075 % and 0.05 % against leaf miner flies was respectively 35.9-54.4 % and 30.7-49.6 %. Azadirachtin A 10 g l-1 and Spirodiclofen 240 g l-1 were less effective against two-spotted spider mite and leaf miner flies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigations were carried out with greenhouse cucumbers at the Lithuanian Institute of Horticulture in 2004-2005. The impact of three applied insecticides Envidor 240 SC (a. i. spirodiclofen 240 g l-1) at the rates of 0.03 and 0.05 %, NeemAzal-T/S (a. i. 1 % azadirachtin A) at the rate of 0.5 % and Agri-50 (a. i. 28 % see weeds) at the rate of 0.3 % were determined on predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis. There were found significant differences between the number of predatory mites after application of Envidor 240 SC , NeemAzal-T/S and in untreated plants. Envidor 240 SC (0.05 % and 0.03 %) was from moderately toxic (mortality ranged from 50.98-66.67 %) 3 days after treatment to slightly toxic (25.0-48.75 % mortality) 7 days after treatment. Envidor 240 SC was non-toxic 14 days after treatment. Agri-50 and NeemAzal-T/S were only slightly toxic (28.89-33.33 %) 3 days after treatment in 2005. Based on the results, NeemAzal-T/S and Agri-50 may be a useful part of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of our studies was to investigate effect of solid-state short-wavelength sources of blue light in combination with high-pressure sodium lamps for growing of vegetable seedlings. Cucumber hybrid 'Mandy', tomato hybrid 'Cunero' and sweet pepper cultivar 'Reda' were used for investigation. There was compared growing of vegetable seedlings under high-pressure sodium lamps ‟SON-TAgro„ (PHILIPS) and under these lamps supplemented by blue light solid-state illuminators with LHXL-LR3C(Lumileds Lighting, USA) light-emitting diodes (447 nm). It was established that vegetable (cucumber, tomato, sweet pepper) seedlings were lower. Supplemental blue light during growing of vegetable transplant accelerated formation of flower buds. Significant after-effect of supplemental blue light on vegetable yield was not established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]