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Abstract Spatial molecular data has transformed the study of disease microenvironments, though, larger datasets pose an analytics challenge prompting the direct adoption of single-cell RNA-sequencing tools including normalization methods. Here, we demonstrate that library size is associated with tissue structure and that normalizing these effects out using commonly applied scRNA-seq normalization methods will negatively affect spatial domain identification. Spatial data should not be specifically corrected for library size prior to analysis, and algorithms designed for scRNA-seq data should be adopted with caution.

Allocation of space in the development of new city areas for the needs of socio-economic activities contributes to the complexity of land use and environmental degradation. This study aims to: (1) Analyze the effect of space utilization allocation, activity systems, and population mobility on the increase in energy demand for the new city of Moncongloe-Pattalasang; (2) Analyze the direct and indirect effects of activity systems, changes in land use, allocation of space use, on the need for renewable energy, and improving the environmental quality of new city areas; and (3) Formulate a model of space utilization based on renewable energy and the sustainability of new city development. This study uses a qualitative and quantitative approach. Data obtained through observation, surveys, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The results of the study show that the allocation of space utilization coupled with the use of renewable energy contributes to improving the environmental quality of the new city of Moncongloe-Pattalassang. The allocation of space utilization, activity systems, and population mobility explains that 97.61% of the energy needs of the new city of Moncongloe-Pattalassang. Furthermore, the influence of the total activity system, changes in land use, and allocation of space use on renewable energy needs contributed 60.58% and the direct influence of renewable energy demand on improving the environmental quality of the new city of Moncongloe-Pattalassang was 67.73%. This study recommends the use of renewable energy to support social activity functions towards improving environmental quality and the sustainability of the development of the new city area Moncongloe-Pattalassang.

This study examines the intellectual framework research in bank lending and technological innovation relationships in countries with high banking system liquidity. This study employs bibliometrics with R-studio tools and procedures to analyze documents regarding productions, collaborations, keyword occurrences, conceptual structure, and density and centrality occurrence's network. Combining data from the Web of Science and Scopus databases, this study obtained 939 documents from 527 sources with a significant opportunity for further elevation through combination with other themes. The development analysis based on the most related countries indicates that researchers from other countries have also conducted studies identified as having significant banking liquidity. Topic development and thematic evolution show that research on the role of bank lending on technological innovation evolves to environmental issues, with green credit as the most recent and emerging elaboration. For further direction, keywords in investment clusters can help elevate education, commerce, and impact clusters by combining them with research on government taxation, credit provision, sustainable development, and emission control themes.

Summary: Background: Metabolic ageing biomarkers may capture the age-related shifts in metabolism, offering a precise representation of an individual’s overall metabolic health. Methods: Utilising comprehensive lipidomic datasets from two large independent population cohorts in Australia (n = 14,833, including 6630 males, 8203 females), we employed different machine learning models, to predict age, and calculated metabolic age scores (mAge). Furthermore, we defined the difference between mAge and age, termed mAgeΔ, which allow us to identify individuals sharing similar age but differing in their metabolic health status. Findings: Upon stratification of the population into quintiles by mAgeΔ, we observed that participants in the top quintile group (Q5) were more likely to have cardiovascular disease (OR = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.62–2.83), had a 2.01-fold increased risk of 12-year incident cardiovascular events (HR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.45–2.57), and a 1.56-fold increased risk of 17-year all-cause mortality (HR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.34–1.79), relative to the individuals in the bottom quintile group (Q1). Survival analysis further revealed that men in the Q5 group faced the challenge of reaching a median survival rate due to cardiovascular events more than six years earlier and reaching a median survival rate due to all-cause mortality more than four years earlier than men in the Q1 group. Interpretation: Our findings demonstrate that the mAge score captures age-related metabolic changes, predicts health outcomes, and has the potential to identify individuals at increased risk of metabolic diseases. Funding: The specific funding of this article is provided in the acknowledgements section.

Eco-enzyme can solve the problem of waste in households and markets. Eco-enzymes can be a resource for healthy and productive cultivation of vegetables and herbs. Utilization of waste into eco-enzymes can be a new source of income and reduce costs for fertilizers and pesticides for vegetables and herbs. Eco-enzymes can be used for various purposes such as pesticides, liquid fertilizers, growth regulators (ZPT), enzymes that are beneficial for crops and the environment. The results of the analysis of pretest, posttest, and community enthusiasm for processing waste into eco-enzyme are very strong, which can be seen from the answers given by the participants after participating in the training on making eco-enzyme. Previously, in the pretest test, it could be concluded that the peoples in Lubuk Batee Village generally did not know how to make eco-enzyme and its application. Posttest after the implementation of making Eco-enzyme, the results of the response analysis from the two partners showed a significant increase in knowledge and skills in both community groups and this continued to increase after they saw the results of eco-enzyme application on crops. The introduction of eco-enzyme production in two community groups in Lubuk Batee Village, Ingin Jaya Subdistrict, Aceh Besar District has increased the knowledge and skills of partners to process waste into useful products and can reduce waste and its side effects on the environment. Eco-enzyme can also be made into various other products that are beneficial to society.

Pembelajaran IPS dengan media sederhana yang dibuat guru menyebabkan pembelajaran kurang menarik, siswa cepat bosan, tidak memperhatikan penjelasan guru dan monoton menjadi masalah utama. Pengembangan gamification dengan berbantu Genially diharapkan akan menciptakan pembelajaran yang lebih menarik dan menyenangkan. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengembangan gamification berbantu Genially dan peningkatan motivasi belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran IPS di SMPN 1 Upau. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Research and Development (R&D), dengan menggunakan model pengembangan model 4-D yaitu Define (Pendefinisian), Design (Perancangan), Develop (Pengembangan) dan Disseminate (Penyebaran). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa: (1) Pengembangan gamification berbantu genially pada pembelajaran IPS di Kelas VII SMPN 1 Upau hasil validasi oleh ahli media sebesar 4,67, ahli materi sebesar 4,09 dan uji coba pengembangan sebesar 4,33 dari skor maksimal 5. Dari ketiga hasil penilaian tersebut, setelah di rata-rata maka didapatkan rata-rata skor total sebesar 4,36 dari skor maksimal 5 dengan kategori yang sangat layak. (2) Pengamatan motivasi belajar siswa pada pertemuan I memperolah 63% dalam kategori cukup dan pengamatan motivasi belajar siswa pada siklus II memperoleh 80% kategori sangat baik. Pengembangan gamifikasi berbantu genially dalam pembelajaran IPS di kelas VII SMPN 1 Upau dapat meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa.

This research explores the multifaceted concept of translanguaging in the context of teaching English as a foreign language in three universities in North Sumatra. Translanguaging, a term encompassing various aspects of multilingualism, is examined as a pedagogical approach that utilizes multiple languages within a classroom setting. The study investigates translanguaging practices among lecturers and aims to address three key research questions: the types of translanguaging practices, perceptions of lecturers and students, and the motivations behind incorporating translanguaging in teaching and learning activities. The research method is a qualitative method with a case study approach model focusing on the exploration of a "bounded system" on one specific case or on some cases in detail by exploring data in depth. Through a combination of surveys and interviews with lecturers, the study identifies eight motivations for the intentional use of translanguaging practices. These motivations include adjusting to students' proficiency levels, clarification, and emphasis, translanguaging as an academic strategy, providing challenges for student growth, considering diverse student demographics, expressing firmness and solidarity, addressing real lexical needs in communication, and expressing group identity. The findings reveal positive responses to translanguaging from both lecturers and students, highlighting its versatility in meeting educational objectives and fostering effective communication in diverse learning environments. The motivations align with existing literature, emphasizing the adaptability and significance of translanguaging in enriching the teaching and learning experience. The study concludes with several insights into translanguaging practices in North Sumatra's universities and recommends possibilities for future research and practical implementation. The proposed recommendations include professional development for lecturers, curriculum design, student training, and calls for more studies in tranlanguaging. Overall, this research contributes to the understanding of translanguaging motivations and offers practical suggestions for enhancing its integration in higher education institutions.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi program pendidikan karakter di PIP Makassar. Adapun jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian evaluasi dengan menggunakan model CIPP (Context, Input, Process, dan Product). Alat observasi yang digunakan berupa catatan lapangan dan wawancara dengan taruna dan tenaga pengajar. Sumber data melibatkan 64 taruna aktif dan dosen yang mengajar di PIP Makassar sebanyak 31 dosen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa melalui analisis konteks, penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemahaman dan penerimaan komunitas terhadap kebutuhan program pendidikan karakter tinggi. Dalam penelitian ini, fokus pada input menghasilkan pemahaman mendalam tentang ketersediaan dan kualitas sumber daya, termasuk sumber daya pengajar dan sarana pembelajaran. Proses pelaksanaan program pendidikan karakter dinilai berhasil. Peserta didik menunjukkan partisipasi yang tinggi dalam kegiatan, dan kualitas implementasi sesuai dengan rencana. Evaluasi produk mencakup pencapaian peserta didik dalam hal pengetahuan, sikap, dan keterampilan. Temuan menunjukkan peningkatan yang signifikan dalam pemahaman nilai-nilai karakter, perubahan sikap positif, dan pengembangan keterampilan interpersonal. Sebagai rekomendasi perencanaan dan pengembangan kurikulum yang lebih terintegrasi, pelatihan staf pengajar yang berfokus pada integrasi nilai-nilai karakter, dan upaya meningkatkan partisipasi mahasiswa dalam pengambilan keputusan.

Abstract Identifying spatially variable genes (SVGs) is a key step in the analysis of spatially resolved transcriptomics data. SVGs provide biological insights by defining transcriptomic differences within tissues, which was previously unachievable using RNA-sequencing technologies. However, the increasing number of published tools designed to define SVG sets currently lack benchmarking methods to accurately assess performance. This study compares results of 6 purpose-built packages for SVG identification across 9 public and 5 simulated datasets and highlights discrepancies between results. Additional tools for generation of simulated data and development of benchmarking methods are required to improve methods for identifying SVGs.

This study aimed to determine the effect of yam starch and clove oil based bioplastics packaging on the microbiological and sensory properties of pempek during storage. This research was carried out by using different packaging on pempek: bioplastics and polyethylene plastic. Pempek in each group was kept for 0, 8, 16, 24, 48 hours at room temperature. The total of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria was determined using colony forming unit and the sensory properties were obtained by the determination of color, texture and aroma of pempek using 5 skilled panelists. The results showed that the use of bioplastics packaging decreased the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria in pempek compared to polyethylene plastics. The decrease in acidity was in line with the growth of Staphylococcus aureus that was steeper in pempek packaged with polyethylene plastics. The use of bioplastics also maintained the sensory properties of pempek (smell of damage) during storage better than the polyethylene plastic did.

Abstract RNAseq data can be used to infer genetic variants, yet its use for estimating genetic population structure remains underexplored. Here, we construct a freely available computational tool (RGStraP) to estimate RNAseq-based genetic principal components (RG-PCs) and assess whether RG-PCs can be used to control for population structure in gene expression analyses. Using whole blood samples from understudied Nepalese populations and the Geuvadis study, we show that RG-PCs had comparable results to paired array-based genotypes, with high genotype concordance and high correlations of genetic principal components, capturing subpopulations within the dataset. In differential gene expression analysis, we found that inclusion of RG-PCs as covariates reduced test statistic inflation. Our paper demonstrates that genetic population structure can be directly inferred and controlled for using RNAseq data, thus facilitating improved retrospective and future analyses of transcriptomic data.

This study investigates the dynamics of water resources in the Citarum watershed during periods of weak La Niña, normal, and weak El Niño conditions occurring sequentially. The Citarum watershed serves various purposes, being utilized not only by seven (7) districts and two (2) cities in West Java, Indonesia but also as a source of raw water for drinking in the City of Jakarta. Using a time-series analysis of surface water data, data-driven (machine learning) methods, and statistical analysis methods, spatiotemporal predictions of surface water have been made. The surface water time series data (2017–2021), obtained from in situ instruments, are used to assess water resources, predict groundwater recharge, and analyze seasonal patterns. The results indicate that surface water follows a seasonal pattern, particularly during the monsoon season, corresponding to the groundwater recharge pattern. In upstream areas, water resources exhibit an increasing trend during both weak La Nina and weak El Niño, except for Jatiluhur Dam, where a decline is observed in both seasons. Machine learning predictions suggest that water levels and groundwater recharge tend to decrease in both upstream and downstream areas.

The implementation of macroprudential supervision, significantly tighter capital regulation in developing economies, has recently been debated, which focuses on reducing bank risk-taking and promoting financial stability in the banking sector. Our study investigates the impact of prudential capital on commercial bank risk-taking in Indonesia. We employed a GMM system approach to analyze bank and macro level data from 2004 to 2019. Our result confirms that appropriate capital regulations for reducing bank risk-taking are heterogeneous. Traditional capital ratios decrease bank risk-taking. However, the risk-based capital ratio shows an unexpected affirmative effect. Implementing macroprudential policy instruments of capital buffer effectively manages bank risk, and so does the regulatory capital pressure variable. The results are intimate for guiding commercial banks' risk management and capital effectiveness.

The present study aims to obtain an analytic solution for the inhomogeneous Verhults equation using multiple expansion methods. This study identifies the external factors represented by the inhomogeneous term that determine optimal variable conditions for ecosystem population growth. The simulation involves scenarios that utilize constant growth rates, periodic growth rates, constant external factors, and periodic external factors. It is found that external factors increase population growth, whereas constant external factors prevent growth under saturation conditions. Periodic external factors cause fluctuations in the amplitude of growth regions. The present study will highlight and discuss the development and application of the solution.

Protein signatures of unstable and stable atherosclerosis are defined by quantitative proteomics using a preclinical mouse model of plaque instability/rupture.

This study aims to describe and analyze the urgency of the Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka program along with its implementation and challenges of higher education in Kalimantan, which has launched the Merdeka Learn-Independence Campus. It also identifies and evaluates the indicators for identifying Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka, including student exchanges, internships/work practices, project assistance, economic activities, independent studies/projects, thematic KKN, and teaching assistance in education units. The research method used is descriptive analysis. Data was collected using literature and field studies. Interviews and observations were used in field studies. University-based data sources in Kalimantan include Tanjungpura University, Palangka Raya University, Lambung Mangkurat University, Mulawarman University, Borneo Tarakan University, and the Kalimantan Institute of Technology. The research findings show that the five tertiary institutions in Kalimantan have implemented the Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka program by carrying out student exchange programs, apprenticeships/work practices, project assistance, economic activities, independent studies/projects, thematic KKN, and teaching assistance in higher education units. , while the implementation process is carried out highly sustainably by its singularity. The five tertiary institutions already have the capacity by the Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka standards stipulated by laws and regulations.

Using a novel panel data set we study the influence of monetary and macro-prudential policies on non-performing loans as a measure of credit risk in Indonesian banking industry from Q1 2010 to Q4 2022. The panel homogeneity assumption was verified through the utilization of the Chow and Roy-Zellner tests. The findings showed that the model was not homogenous, necessitating the use of the Pooled Mean Group (PMG) estimator. The results indicated that monetary and macro-prudential policies significantly impacted credit risk. Furthermore, tight monetary and macro-prudential policies increased and reduced credit risk in the long run, respectively. The findings also showed that a loosening monetary policy reduced credit risk in the short run. Therefore, higher authorities must establish effective monetary and macro-prudential policies to reduce the non-performing loan ratio and maintain credit risk in Indonesia's banking industry.

Percaya diri merupakan penilaian pada diri sendiri tentang berani tampil di depan umum, mau memimpin dalam suatu kegiatan dan mau mengungkapkan pendapat secara sderhana. Bermain peran adalah bermain menngunakan daya khayal, menggunakan bahasa atau berpura-pura bertingkah laku. Berdasarkan observasi awal yang dilakukan peneliti pada anak kelompok B di TK ‘Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal 25 Wage yang berjumlah 17 anak bahwasanya sebagian besar yaitu 52.45%, anak terdapat masalah rendahnya percaya diri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan metode bermain peran untuk meningkatkan percaya diri anak serta bagaimana hasil penerapan metode bermain peran dalam meningkatkan percaya diri anak. Jenis peneltian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas. Tekhnik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Adapun hasil penelitian pada siklus I mengalami peningkatan sebesar 74% dan pada siklus II mengalami peningkatan lagi sebesar 85,29%. Dari hasil observasi yang dilakukan peneliti tersebut menunjukkan bahwa metode bermain peran dapat meningkatkan percaya diri anak.

Abstract Varying technologies and experimental approaches used in microbiome studies often lead to irreproducible results due to unwanted technical variations. Such variations, often unaccounted for and of unknown source, may interfere with true biological signals, resulting in misleading biological conclusions. In this work, we aim to characterize the major sources of technical variations in microbiome data and demonstrate how in-silico approaches can minimize their impact. We analyzed 184 pig faecal metagenomes encompassing 21 specific combinations of deliberately introduced factors of technical and biological variations. Using the novel Removing Unwanted Variations-III-Negative Binomial (RUV-III-NB), we identified several known experimental factors, specifically storage conditions and freeze–thaw cycles, as likely major sources of unwanted variation in metagenomes. We also observed that these unwanted technical variations do not affect taxa uniformly, with freezing samples affecting taxa of class Bacteroidia the most, for example. Additionally, we benchmarked the performances of different correction methods, including ComBat, ComBat-seq, RUVg, RUVs, and RUV-III-NB. While RUV-III-NB performed consistently robust across our sensitivity and specificity metrics, most other methods did not remove unwanted variations optimally. Our analyses suggest that a careful consideration of possible technical confounders is critical during experimental design of microbiome studies, and that the inclusion of technical replicates is necessary to efficiently remove unwanted variations computationally.

The expansion of the area towards suburban areas accompanied by suburbanization has an impact on the conversion of productive agricultural land and transportation movement systems. This study aims to analyse land use change works as a determinant of environmental degradation in suburban areas, the effect of land use changes, socio-economic activities, population mobility and transportation systems on environmental quality degradation, and models for handling land use, population mobility, transportation infrastructure and system management transportation towards sustainable development of suburban areas. This study uses a sequential qualitative-quantitative approach. Data obtained through observation, survey and documentation. The results of the study show that the intensity of land use change coupled with population mobility, in addition to affecting the urban transportation system based on the pattern of origin and destination of travel, also has an impact on the environmental quality degradation of suburban areas. Changes in land use, socioeconomic activities, population mobility and transportation systems has an effect in the environmental quality degradation of suburban areas with a coefficient of determination of 95.65 percent. This study recommends the application of a land use management model, population mobility, and transportation infrastructure towards the sustainability of the suburbs of Makassar City, Indonesia.

Abstract Background Bodily pain is a common presentation in several chronic diseases, yet the influence of sedentary behaviour, common in ageing adults, is unclear. Television-viewing (TV) time is a ubiquitous leisure-time sedentary behaviour, with a potential contribution to the development of bodily pain. We examined bodily pain trajectories and the longitudinal relationships of TV time with the bodily pain severity; and further, the potential moderation of the relationships by type 2 diabetes (T2D) status. Method Data were from 4099 participants (aged 35 to 65 years at baseline) in the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab), who took part in the follow-ups at 5 years, 12 years, or both. Bodily pain (from SF36 questionnaire: a 0 to 100 scale, where lower scores indicate more-severe pain), TV time, and T2D status [normal glucose metabolism (NGM), prediabetes, and T2D] were assessed at all three time points. Multilevel growth curve modelling used age (centred at 50 years) as the time metric, adjusting for potential confounders, including physical activity and waist circumference. Results Mean TV time increased, and bodily pain worsened (i.e., mean bodily pain score decreased) across the three time points. Those with T2D had higher TV time and more-severe bodily pain than those without T2D at all time points. In a fully adjusted model, the mean bodily pain score for those aged 50 years at baseline was 76.9(SE: 2.2) and worsened (i.e., bodily pain score decreased) significantly by 0.3(SE: 0.03) units every additional year (p

Minyak kelapa sawit merupakan minyak nabati yang didapat dari buah kelapa sawit yang diolah menjadi sabun karena memiliki kandungan asam lemak jenuh tinggi yang merupakan komponen utama dalam pembuatan sabun mandi padat. Pembuatan sabun mandi padat dapat dilakukan dengan reaksi saponifikasi yaitu reaksi hidrolisa asam lemak dengan alkali (NaOH). Pada penelitian ini variabel yang diukur adalah pengaruh volume minyak kelapa sawit (20,25, 30, dan 35 ml) terhadap kualitas sabun mandi padat dengan penambahan minyak nilam. Kemudian di karakterisasi untuk mengetahui persen asam lemak bebas, kadar air, fraksi tak tersabunkan, pH, dan uji organoleptik sesuai dengan standar SNI. Dari hasil pengujian ternyata sabun dengan volume minyak kelapa sawit 20 ml dengan penambahan minyak nilam 3 ml memenuhi standar SNI yaitu asam lemak bebas 0,49%, kadar air 19.6%, pH 9,75

Abstract Of the three subspecies of Critically Endangered Bornean orangutans, Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus has the smallest population size. One of its most important habitats is the tropical forest within and around Danau Sentarum National Park (DSNP). Research in the late 1990s estimated that ca. 1025 orangutans inhabited DSNP, while ca. 1717 orangutans inhabited the forest beyond DSNP's boundaries. However, concerns were later raised that incorrectly estimated nest decay rates (t values) may have led to the overestimation of the population size. Furthermore, the area experienced forest degradation and land use change between 2000 and 2013. Given these changing landscapes, updated population estimates were needed to inform policy makers and land‐use planners on the implications of habitat loss for resident orangutans. We conducted this study to recalculate nest decay rates based on current recommended methods, and to update our knowledge on the orangutan population in the region. Our average nest decay rate was 288.3 days; applying this to the study in the late 1990s generated estimates of 807 individuals within DSNP and 1578 beyond DNSP's boundaries. New surveys of the transects undertaken between 2010 and 2014 revealed that the population size had declined substantially in these two areas, to 202 and 71 individuals respectively. Both declines are considerable, but larger losses occurred in logged‐over and cleared forests outside the park. We discuss factors potentially driving these declines, emphasizing the need to improve habitat protection both inside and outside of DSNP, and make recommendations for improving the prospects for future orangutan conservation.

This study aims to investigate how educational institution managers encounter challenges in managing learning organization values and the reasons for these challenges. This qualitative case study aimed to apply knowledge of educational institutions and organizational development by implementing an integrated educational management design process and a learning organization. The investigation was conducted at the Sukma Bangsa School in Lhokseumawe. The case study method was used in this qualitative study, with analysis focused on the integrative design of organizational development in the context of educational management and learning organizations. A culture of strict discipline is deeply ingrained in both the fluidity of the fast-paced workplace and academic achievements. The findings of this study outline the following technical steps involved in the implementation of a learning school program: (1) the effectiveness of the leadership; (2) an understanding of the situation and the formulation of policies; (3) an alignment of the organizational structure and the logic of the program; (4) the prioritization of activities; (5) work that is both practical and reflective; (6) the development of organizational learning capabilities; and (7) the integration of organizational learning capabilities. In a nutshell, the findings indicate that implementing the concept of a learning organization ensures the organization's continued viability and the improvement of its educational offerings. The principles outline how research on the design, implementation, and evaluation of organizational interventions can be conducted to maximize the impact of those interventions in both the real world and the scientific community.

The research aims to produce a teaching style application product in health sports Physical Education (PE) teachers based on interactive multimedia. This research is expected to overcome difficulties for Physical Education teachers who have been on the use of teaching styles carried out by Physical Education teachers only centered on teachers continuously and have not fully applied variations in teaching styles so that it causes learners to become bored and can inhibit the potential that exists in learners. In other respects, the lack of knowledge that Physical Education teachers have on teaching style, and the low interest of teachers to read books and find sources for teaching styles. The research stages are; (1) The pre-development stage, at this stage, needs analysis is carried out through a survey of the level of tool needs for users, instrument preparation and consultation with experts. (2) The development phase of developing the product "Teaching Style Application" starting from the initial product development of manuscripts (manuals), designing work and application design, small group trials, stage I improvements, large group trials, phase II improvements, mass production. (3) The evaluation stage of product results implementation and product desimination.

In speaking course, the teachers usually ask the students to present their projects in front of the class through an activity called Oral Presentation. However, many of students are afraid of public speaking due to the effect of self-confidence. This study is aimed to (1) describe general self-confidence among Indonesian EFL learners, (2) describe their academic achievement in oral presentation, and (3) find out the relationship between self-confidence and their academic achievement in oral presentation. Correlational design is used to investigate the existence or non existence of the relationship between the variables. The subjects of this study are 68 students at the second semester in English Department of one private university in Lamongan, Indonesia. Documentation and questionnaire are used as instruments to collect the data in this study. The findings reveal that (1) the students‘ general selfconfidence is quite strong, (2) the students‘ academic achievement in the oral presentation is good, and (3) the two variables show high correlation. Therefore, the teachers are suggested to enforce activities that could increase students‘ self-confidence which in turn could decrease their anxiety in public speaking.

The dynamics of the development of the Mamminasata Metropolitan new city area has an impact on environmental quality degradation. The increase in development activities causes land use conversion and contributes to an increase in energy demand. This study aims to analyze: the allocation of work space utilization as a determinant of environmental quality degradation in the Mamminasata new city area, the effect of controlling space utilization, renewable energy utilization, and transportation management on improving the environmental quality of the Mamminasata new city area; and formulate a model for the use of renewable energy and the sustainable development of the Mamminasata Metropolitan new city area. This study uses an explanatory suqiental approach. Data were obtained through observation, surveys, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that the allocation of land for the development needs of socio-economic activities in the new city area has an impact on increasing the burden of pollution on soil, water, and air as well as the complexity of the transportation system in the direction of decreasing environmental quality. Control of space utilization, renewable energy utilization, and transportation management simultaneously have an effect on improving the environmental quality of the Mamminasata new city area with a coefficient of determination of 94.84%. This study recommends the use of renewable energy in supporting socio-economic activities towards the sustainability of the Mamminasata Metropolitan new city area development.

Sains sangatlah dekat dengan kehidupan anak usia dini. Bagi anak-anak belajar sains adalah segala sesuatu yang menakjubkan, sesuatu yang ditemukan dan dianggap menarik serta memberi pengetahuan atau merangsangnya. Pengenalan sains untuk peserta didik TK/PAUD lebih ditekankan daripada produk (fakta,. konsep, teori, prinsip, dan hukum). Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan di TK Aisyiyah 1 Kalidawir Tanggulangin Sidoarjo. Kegiatan simulasi sains sederhana belum diterapkan di TK Aisyiyah 7 Kalidawir di minimnya kompetensi guru tentang konsep pembelajaran sains pada anak usia dini serta belum adanya buku pedoman pembelajaran sains untuk anak usia dini. Selain itu juga karena keterbatasan alat, bahan, dan media yang ada di TK Sehingga dilakukan peningkatan kompetensi guru tentang pembelajaran sains pada anak usia dini dengan melakukan pelatihan dan pendampingan, penyusunan buku/modul pembelajaran sains untuk anak usia dini sebagai acuan guru dalam implementasi simulasi sains pada anak usia dini serta pemenuhan media, bahan dan alat penunjang agar dapat menerapkan simulasi sains sederhana bagi anak TK.

Sistem pembelajaran online melalui media e-learning merupakan solusi agar kegiatan belajar mengajar tetap terjaga selama pandemi. Agar penerapan dalam penggunaan sistem e-learning berhasil, perlu diperhatikan faktor-faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi penerimaan sistem tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari faktor utama yang mempengaruhi penerimaan dan penggunaan aktual sistem e-learning pada mahasiswa. Metode yang digunakan diadopsi dari model Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) ditambah variabel baru yaitu course design, course content support, course assessment, dan instructor characteristics. Analisa data menggunakan SmartPLS dengan model PLS-SEM. Dari hasil penelitian course content support, course assessment, dan behavioral intention to use mempunyai pengaruh signifikan terhadap actual use sistem e-learning. Course design, course content support, dan course assessment mempunyai pengaruh signifikan terhadap performance expectancy, dan yang mempunyai pengaruh signifikan terhadap behavioral intention to use dari sistem e-learning adalah performance expectancy dan social influence. Penelitian ini bisa digunakan sebagai bahan referensi bagi perguruan tinggi untuk meningkatkan penerimaan dan penggunaan sistem e-learning. Analysis of determinants of acceptance and actual use of students e-learning systems Abstract The online learning system through e-learning media is a solution to maintain teaching and learning activities during the pandemic. In order for the application in the use of e-learning systems to be successful, it is necessary to consider the factors that can affect the system's acceptance. This study aims to find the main factors that influence students' acceptance and actual use of e-learning systems. The method used was adapted from the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model plus new variables, namely course design, course content support, course assessment, and instructor characteristics. Data analysis using SmartPLS with PLS-SEM model. From the research results, course content support, course assessment, and behavioral intention to use significantly influence the actual use of the e-learning system. Course design, course content support, and course assessment have a significant influence on performance expectancy, and those that have a significant influence on behavioral intention to use the e-learning system are performance expectancy and social influence. This research can be used as reference material for universities to increase the acceptance and use of e-learning systems.

Abstract Background Recent evidence suggests that prolonged sitting and its adverse impact on glycaemic indicators appear to be proportional to the degree of insulin resistance. To investigate this finding in a free-living context, we aimed to examine associations of device-measured 24-h time-use compositions of sitting, standing, stepping, and sleeping with fasting glucose (FPG) and 2 h post-load glucose (2hPLG) levels, and to examine separately the associations with time-use compositions among those at lower and at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Methods Cross-sectional analyses examined thigh-worn inclinometer data (activPAL, 7 day, 24 h/day protocol) from 648 participants (aged 36-80 years) at either lower (

Abstract: Islamic boarding school is connected to the execution of ideas through organizational culture. The term Banjaran culture is referred to the significant knowledge which can develop students' attitudes and behaviors. Following the assumption of reflective practice, this study critically investigates the suitability of cultural values. Data were collected from the deputy secretary, Mr. Mukhlis Lubis as the representatives of school leaders, head caregivers, and senior students using a qualitative paradigm as well as phenomenological methodologies. The results showed that internalization occurred at several managerial levels. Meanwhile, the Banjaran culture is accomplished as a distinguishing element, a mutual commitment-forming, and helps to generate a stable social structure, as well as develop students' characters. The value of independence, creativity, entrepreneurial motivation, religiosity, communication, social interaction, mental and physical resilience, moderation, tolerance, and ukhuwah (friendship and kinship) are parts of the qualities created by its internalization.Abstrak: Eksistensi pesantren tidak terlepas dari implementasi nilai dalam bentuk budaya organisasi. Budaya banjaran dimaknai sebagai pemahaman tentang nilai pesantren yang mampu membentuk sikap dan perilaku santri. Penelitian ini secara kritis mengkaji kesesuaian nilai-nilai budaya banjaran dengan asumsi praktik reflektif. Penelitian menggunakan paradigma kualitatif dengan metode fenomenologi. Informan kunci adalah wakil sekretaris Pesantren Musthafawiyah Purbabaru, Ayah Mukhlis Lubis sebagai perwakilan pimpinan pesantren, kepala pengasuh, dan santri senior pengurus organisasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan internalisasi dilakukan melalui tahapan manajerial sedangkan fungsionalisasi budaya banjaran dalam pengembangan karakter santri melalui empat karakteristik utama budaya banjaran, yaitu: menjadi faktor pembeda; pembentuk komitmen bersama; penciptakan sistem sosial yang stabil; pembentuk perilaku dan sikap santri. Nilai yang terbangun dari budaya banjaran adalah nilai kemandirian, nilai inovasi dan kreativitas, nilai motivasi kewirausahaan, nilai religiositas, nilai komunikasi, nilai sosial kemasyarakatan, nilai ketahanan mental dan fisik, nilai moderasi yang menghargai perbedaan, nilai toleransi, nilai ukhuwah (persahabatan dan kekeluargaan).Keywords: Banjaran culture: Islamic boarding school culture: character building, Musthafawiyah

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif untuk meneliti Aktivitas Berburu Babi di Kecamatan Lubuk Alung Nagari Salibutan. Dalam penelitian ini berfokus pada proses olahraga Aktivitas Berburu Babi di Kecamatan Lubuk Alung Nagari Salibutan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menggambarkan Aktivitas Berburu babi di Kecamatan Lubuk Alung Nagari Salibutan.aktivitas fisik yang terdapat pada berburu babi di Kecamatan Lubuk Alung Nagari Salibutan dan manfaat buru babi bagi penggiat serta bagi masyarakat Nagari Salibutan. Metode penelitian adalah kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Data yang di paparkan sesuai dengan hasil yang ditemukan di lapangan. Adapun informan dalam penelitian ini meliputi muncak, ketua PORBI Nagari Salibutan, dan serta penggiat buru babi yang berperan aktif dalam kegiatan ini. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa Aktivitas Berburu Babi di Kecamatan Lubuk Alung Nagari Salibutan biasanya di laksanakan pukul 10.00 sampai 16.00 WIB pada hari Minggu yang mana berpindah-pindah dari korong ke Korong setiap minggunya secara bergiliran. Aktivitas fisik penggiat terlihat aktif ketika penggiat melaksanakan perburuan dimulai dari berjalan, berlari, melompat dan melempar ketika mengejar buruan (babi) dan selama aktivitas olahraga berlangsung.

Abstract The association between rate of kidney function decline and age-of-onset or duration of diabetes has not been well investigated. We aimed to examine whether rates of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline differ by age-of-onset or duration in people with type 2 diabetes. Using the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes study which included those with HbA1c ≥ 7.5% and who were at high risk of cardiovascular events,, rates of eGFR decline were calculated and were compared among groups defined by the known age-of-onset (0–39, 40–49, 50–59, 60–69 and > 70 years) and 5-year diabetes duration intervals. Changes in renal function were evaluated using median of 6 (interquartile range 3–10) eGFR measurements per person. eGFR decline was the slowest in those with known age-at-diagnosis of 50–59 years or those with duration of diabetes 20 years compared to those diagnosed at 50–59 or those with duration of diabetes

The semiotic phenomenon is known to be closely related in the field of communication. This research especially focuses on the semiosis process identified from Cinta Laura Kiehl’s Instagram captions as a famous celebrity in Indonesia. The semiotic sign relation is seen through her captions that do not only include the text but also a form of icon reflected through emoticons added in the captions. This study applied qualitative research method to present the data analysis. Moreover, this research also uses several guiding perceptions with the main theory of sign relation by Charles Sanders Peirce and the supporting perception of happiness by Martin Seligman. There are several results determined from this research. The first result shows that the symbol sign relations in Cinta’s Instagram captions are in the form of texts that conveyed meaning in the expression of happiness that Cinta shares based on her life. Moreover, the emoticons in her Instagram captions have the function to enhance the expressions and contexts that the symbol initially stands for. The second result shows that the signs of happiness from Cinta’s Instagram captions are divided into two main aspects of relationship and achievements. Thus, the sign relations in Cinta’s Instagram captions are used in conveying the expressions of happiness Cinta shares based on her life.

This study aims to improve writing skills in English by using a cooperative learning model to fill in the gaps in the text of a song. The expected indicator is that students are able to write vocabulary in English. This research method is Classroom Action Research. The object of this research is writing skills through the cooperative learning model to fill in the gaps in the text of a song while the research subjects are students of class VII/C SMP Negeri 5 Meulaboh. students still have errors in writing vocabulary. Therefore, the cooperative learning model of filling in the gaps in the text of a song can improve vocabulary writing skills in English and can also increase students' enthusiasm for learning.

Dibutuhkan ide cemerlang yang dapat dinyatakan dalam sebuah karya. Menulis menekankan pada proses dan hasil. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa menulis tidak serta merta dimiliki oleh seseorang akan tetapi memerlukan waktu untuk menghasilkan tulisan yang baik, tentunya dengan ide yang cemerlang. Untuk mengubah ide menjadi karya cipta dilakukan serangkaian proses berpikir yang logis dan seringkali realisasinya memerlukan usaha yang terus menerus. Generasi muda yang salah satunya adalah pelajar SMA yang harus mampu menuangkan suatu ide dan kreativitasnya dalam dunia komunikasi sangat diharapkan sekali untuk dapat menerapkan ilmu yang mereka miliki baik melalui majalah dinding atau pun majalah sekolah. Lewat kegiatan pelatihan ini diharapkan siswa siswi dapat memperoleh pengetahuan dan wawasan secara informal cara peliputan dan membuat informasi di lapangan, terlebih dalam lingkungan sekolah.

BackgroundLockdown restrictions reduce COVID-19 community transmission; however, they may pose challenges for noncommunicable disease management. A 112-day hard lockdown in Victoria, Australia (commencing March 23, 2020) coincided with an intervention trial of reducing and breaking up sitting time in desk workers with type 2 diabetes who were using a provided consumer-grade activity tracker (Fitbit). ObjectiveThis study aims to compare continuously recorded activity levels preceding and during COVID-19 lockdown restrictions among working adults with type 2 diabetes participating in a sitting less and moving more intervention. MethodsA total of 11 participants (n=8 male; mean age 52.8, SD 5 years) in Melbourne, Australia had Fitbit activity tracked before (mean 122.7, SD 47.9 days) and during (mean 99.7, SD 62.5 days) citywide COVID-19 lockdown restrictions. Regression models compared device (Fitbit Inspire HR)–derived activity (steps; metabolic equivalent tasks [METs]; mean time in sedentary, lightly, fairly, and very active minutes; and usual bout durations) during restrictions to prerestrictions. Changes in activity were statistically significant when estimates (Δ%) did not intercept zero. ResultsOverall, there was a decrease in mean steps (–1584 steps/day; Δ% –9%, 95% CI –11% to –7%); METs (–83 METs/day; Δ% –5%, 95% CI –6% to –5%); and lightly active (Δ% –4%, 95% CI –8% to –1%), fairly active (Δ% –8%, 95% CI –21% to –15%), and very active (Δ% –8%, 95% CI –11% to –5%) intensity minutes per day, and increases in mean sedentary minutes per day (51 mins/day; Δ% 3%, 95% CI 1%-6%). Only very active (+5.1 mins) and sedentary (+4.3 mins) bout durations changed significantly. ConclusionsIn a convenience sample of adults with type 2 diabetes, COVID-19 lockdown restrictions were associated with decreases in overall activity levels and increases in very active and sedentary bout durations. A Fitbit monitor provided meaningful continuous long-term data in this context. Trial RegistrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12618001159246; https://anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?ACTRN=12618001159246

Coastal flooding frequently occurs along the Northern Coast of Java due to the continuous land subsidence and sea level rise. On May 23rd, 2022, an extreme tidal flood happened and impacted a wide area around the central part of the Northern Coast of Java, with reports indicating that the inundated area was larger than that of typical flood events. Although several researchers have conducted local inundation mapping in various districts, comprehensive flood mapping of this event over a larger area has not yet been undertaken. Such study would benefit for hydraulic flood models. Therefore, this study aimed to map the coastal flood extent around the central part of the Northern Coast of Java using Sentinel-1 imagery data processed through the Google Earth Engine (GEE). The delineated inundation at several points was then compared with field observations from a previous study. The analysis suggests that Sentinel-1 is generally capable of estimating flood extent, although additional measures are necessary for mapping in densely populated urban areas. The findings indicate that the area inundated by the May 2022 flood was at least 5,562 hectares larger compared to the flooding in April 2022.

Penyelenggaraan pendidikan tidak pernah terbebas dari permasalahan. Masalah-masalah yang muncul sangat beraneka ragam. Globalisasi menjadi salah satu faktor yang membuat pengelolaan pendidikan mengalami banyak perubahan. Selain itu, harapan pengguna jasa pendidikan harus benar-benar disikapi. Inovasi dapat menjadi solusi dari permasalahan yang dihadapi. Dengan berinovasi, hal-hal baru yang sesuai perkembangan zaman dan pemenuhan harapan para pengguna jasa pendidikan dapat dilakukan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Metode yang digunakan ialah studi pustaka. Teknik pengolahan data dilakukan dengan menganalisis karya-karya ilmiah yang sesuai dengan topik penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, inovasi dapat menjadi solusi permasalahan pendidikan dikarenakan selalu berupaya menghadirkan hal-hal baru. Setiap inovasi dapat dilakukan dengan cara memilih model dan strategi pelaksanaan yang tepat. Program inovasi, Sumber Daya Manusia, pelaksanaan dan juga anggaran biaya dapat disesuaikan.

Strut is used in vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) to restraint the framework. In this study, struts are analyzed to show the pressure losses in VAWT. ANSYS computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software is used to investigate triangle strut in VAWT. This study aims to show a CFD simulation of struts, which affects the aerodynamic of VAWT. In CFD software, the aerodynamic of VAWT can be analyzed in terms of pressure losses in the struts. The simulation method starts by making a struts model, then meshing and setting up ANSYS's boundary conditions. The last iteration runs in ANSYS until convergence. Our results show the percentage of pressure losses with the variation of the angle of wind 0°, 20°, 40°, and 60° are 0.67 %, 0.52 %, 0.48 %, and 0.52 %. The effect of triangle strut in VAWT did not affect the wind flow to the VAWT blade. The results also indicated that the triangle strut could be applied in the multi-stage of VAWT system.

The onset and pathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with changes to lipid metabolism. Here, the authors analysed 569 lipids from 32 classes and subclasses in two independent patient cohorts to identify key lipid pathways to link the plasma lipidome with AD and the future onset of AD.

Government policies in the field of education during the Covid 19 pandemic, including laying off face to face hours were replaced by online learning processes demanding an educator to be more professional in his work. This important to discuss in order to ensure that an educator is more professional in carrying out their duties and still shows a positive character. The purpose of this study was to determine the professional competence and characteristics of PAI teachers during the pandemic. This research method uses descriptive qualitative. In practice, a simple analysis is obtained for quantitative data. Participant involved as many 10 elementary level teachers in Tasikmalaya Regency. The results showed that the character competency indicator was still low so that it affected the profession teachers. The recommendations of the results of this study are that character and professional teachers are agents of change in facing life’s challenges in the future. AbstrakKebijakan pemerintah dalam bidang pendidikan pada masa pandemik Covid 19,diantaranya memberhentikan jam tatap muka diganti dengan proses pembelajaran daring, menuntut seorang pendidik untuk lebih profesional dalam pekerjaannya . Hal ini penting untuk dibahas agar memastikan seorang pendidik lebih profesional dalam menjalankan tugas dan tetap menunjukkan karakter positifnya. Tujuan Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kompetensi profesional dan karakteristik guru pada masa pandemik. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan kualitatif deskriptif. Pada praktiknya diperoleh data-data yang bersifat kuantitatif dilakukan analisis sederhana. Partisipan yang terlibat sebanyak 10 orang guru tingkat dasar yang ada di Kabupaten Tasikmalaya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan indikator kompetensi karakter yang masih rendah, sehingga berpengaruh terhadap profesionalitas guru. Rekomendasi hasil penelitian ini adalah guru berkarakter dan profesional merupakan agen perubahan dalam menghadapi tantangan kehidupan di masa yang akan datang.

Background: Studies have shown that among people with diabetes, those with non-albuminuric chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a slower rate of reduction in renal function than do those with normal renal function. This suggests the presence of protective factors, the identification of which may open up targets for intervention. The aim of this study was to identify protective clinical factors and nonclinical biomarkers that contribute to the association between non-albuminuric CKD and the low rate of progression of CKD. Methods: We tested for significant associations of several clinical factors and 33 nonclinical biomarkers with (1) normoalbuminuria and (2) a low rate of CKD progression among participants with diabetes and CKD enrolled in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study in the United States. Factors significantly associated with both normoalbuminuria and a low rate of CKD progression were assessed in linear regression to estimate their potential contributions to the association between non-albuminuric CKD and rate of CKD progression. Results: Systolic blood pressure (SBP), glycated A1c (HbA1c), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and six biomarkers [β-trace protein (BTP), kidney injury molecule (KIM-1), fibrinogen, fractalkine, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and high-sensitivity troponin-T (hsTnT)] were associated with both normoalbuminuria and a low rate of eGFR decline. The univariate β-coefficient for normoalbuminuria was 0.93 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.82, 1.05]. When all associated factors and biomarkers were included, the regression coefficient decreased to 0.54 (95% CI: 0.40, 0.67). The factors that contributed to the association between non-albuminuric CKD and low rate of eGFR were lower levels of SBP, HbA1c, BTP, KIM-1, hsTnT, BNP, fibrinogen and fractalkine. Conclusion: Lower levels of SBP and biomarkers that have pro-inflammatory and vascular modulating features may explain up to 40% of the association between non-albuminuric CKD and low rate of CKD progression. Further investigation of these biomarkers may lead to therapeutic interventions.

Objectives:Employees are expected to be able to complete theirwork demands likework fatigue so that they are able to compete and increase productivity at work. Job crafting training is one way to reduce burnout, because job crafting helps employees to be active and proactive in theirwork. The aimof this study was to determine the effectiveness of job crafting training to reduce burnout on employeesMethod:This study useda quasi-experimental method with a pretest-posttest control group design. Research subjects were 28 employees of PT. Central Java Semarang CDM which was divided into experimental and control groups. Burnout measurements were made using the Maslach Burnout inventory (MBI) scale. Data were analyzed by ANOVA mixed design analysis.Findings:Burnout score interaction test results between the experimental and control groups were crossed with the measurement time score (pretest-posttest-follow-up) showing an F-valueof 52.977 and a significance of 0.000. The effective contribution given by job crafting training in reducing burnoutis 85.5% forthe experimental group.Conclusions:Job crafting training can beused to reduce employeeburnout.

The existence of local government companies which is strategic with the task of serving the public needs and the realization of welfare must be managed properly and correctly. In order to realize a good and right management must begin with prudence. The formulation of the problem of this research is what is the philosophical basis of prudence and how is the application of prudence in local government companies. This study aims to examine, analyze, understand and explain the prudential philosophical basis and discover as well as to explain the prudential concept in management of local government companies. Benefits of this research are theoretically expected to provide study, analysis, understanding and the explanation of the basic philosophical prudential and practically useful in finding and explaining the concept of prudence in the management of local government companies. This type of research is a normative juridical review as the characteristic of law which is " Sui Generis ".

Some immune-mediated diseases may originate in early childhood. The authors mapped eQTLs and response eQTLs to various stimuli in neonatal myeloid cells and T cells, and revealed their potential role in immune-mediated diseases using colocalisation and Mendelian randomisation.

Abstract Background Anthracycline chemotherapy (AC) is an efficacious (neo) adjuvant treatment for early-stage breast cancer (BCa), but is associated with an increased risk of cardiac dysfunction and functional disability. Observations suggest that regular exercise may be a useful therapy for the prevention of cardiovascular morbidity but it is yet to be interrogated in a large randomised trial. The primary aims of this study are to: 1) determine if 12-months of ET commenced at the onset of AC can reduce the proportion of BCa patients with functional disability (peak VO2,

Abstract Entrepreneurship is very important in the 4.0 era in preparing the quality Alumni of pesantren in the field of religion and entrepreneurship. So curriculum innovation in pesantren is important. This descriptive research uses a qualitative approach with the Study of Literature and case studies at Pesantren (Islamic Boarding School) Al-Ittifaq in Bandung. Based on research that Pesantren Al-Ittifaq able to produce the quality alumni in the field of religion and entrepreneurship and able to make santri independently in economic (Santripreneur). Innovations made by KH. FuadAfandi is: (1) Focus: on consumer needs (2) Totality environment: where pesantren use soil fertility as agricultural land. (3) Commitment: in carrying out the noble ideals of living for students and pesantren for the sake of Alloh’s blessing. (4) Measurement: Kiai and the students work together to expect profit (measurable), so that they can finance all needs. (5) Continuous improvement: Kiai and all students continue to improve entrepreneurship and the continuity of pesantren, so that they become independent with a turnover of billions of rupiah and a strong network of vegetable farmers. Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Innovation, Curriculum.

Abstract Background The investigational medicinal product GKT137831 is a selective inhibitor of NOX 1 and 4 isoforms of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase family of enzymes, which has the potential to ameliorate diabetic kidney disease. An investigator-initiated, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, multicentre phase 2 clinical trial started recruitment in December 2017, with the aim of evaluating the efficacy and safety of GKT13783, in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus and persistently elevated urinary albumin excretion over a period of 48 weeks. Methods/design The trial is currently recruiting in Australia and New Zealand, with recruitment expected to end on 30 June 2020. The primary outcome measure of the trial is the urinary albumin excretion level measured at 48 weeks of treatment. This statistical analysis plan presents an update to the published trial protocol and provides a comprehensive description of the statistical methods that will be used for the analysis of the data from this trial. In doing so, we follow the “Guidelines for the content of statistical analysis plans in clinical trials” to support transparency and reproducibility of the trial findings. Discussion With the use of this prior statistical analysis plan, we aim to minimise bias in the reporting of the findings of this trial, which evaluates the investigational medicinal product GKT137831. The results of the trial are expected to be published in 2022. Trial registration ANZCTR registry: ACTRN12617001187336 . Registered on 14 July 2017. Universal Trial Number: U1111-1187-2609; Protocol number: T1DGKT137831; Genkyotex trial number: GSN000241.

Establishing students’ pronunciation needs a promising instructional method. One of the teachers’ efforts to develop students’ pronunciation is applying the shadowing technique. The shadowing technique was able to facilitate students to practice pronunciation skills. This study was categorized with a quasi-experimental study with the non-equivalent control group design. The samples were taken randomly using a purposive random sampling. The samples consist of 70 students that were divided into two classes, namely the experimental and control classes. The data were collected through interview, multiple-choice test, and record. Here it used descriptive and T-test analysis to find the ways they learned and the results. Finally, the researchers considered that shadowing technique is very good to be applied by the teachers and lecturers in class. The most surprising aspect of the findings are; 1) the students were motivated as long as teaching and learning conducted; 2) their response mostly positive to the way they learned; 3) and they got significant change on their pronunciation, grammar and vocabulary. This change can be seen from their ability in expressing their ideas and 4) inferential statistic results; t-test was 4.077 and t-table was 2.021 with degree of freedom (df) 44 and the level of significance (0.05) in 95%.