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1. The mediating role of resiliency in the relationship between dimensions of social support and self-care in patients with asthma

Author

Saeidian A, Ahadi M, Malihi Al-Zakerini S, Sarami Gh, and Sirafi MR

Subjects
patients with asthma, resilience, self-care, social support, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Background: Asthma, as a physical disease, is influenced by psychological problems, and resilience is a positive adaptation to reacting to adverse conditions. This study aimed to resolve the mediating role of resilience in the relationship between perceived social support and self-care in patients with asthma. Materials and Methods: Research method of the present study is a descriptive-correlational study based on structural equation modeling technique. The statistical population of the study was all patients with asthma in the specialized asthma clinic of Sayad Shirazi hospital in Gorgan (N=200). According to the sample size, 127 people were selected through the Grace-Morgan table and entered the study. The research instruments were Simet et al.'s (1988) perceived social support scale, Connor and Davidson (2003) resilience questionnaire, and Niknam et al.'s (2013) self-care behavior questionnaire. For data analysis, path analysis method was used in Amos and SPSS-24 software. (Dates and dar Dastres have been neglected) Results: The results of model analysis showed that the initial model has a good fit with the data. The study of mediating role showed that resilience has a significant mediating role in the relationship between perceived social support and self-care behavior, also. Conclusion: These findings indicate that resilience and perceived social support are variables upsetting self-care of patients with asthma. These results have important implications for psychopathology, prevention and treatment of patients with asthma.

Published
2021

2. N-acetylcysteine overdose after acetaminophen poisoning

Author

Mahmoudi GA, Astaraki P, Mohtashami AZ, and Ahadi M

Subjects
Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Ghafar Ali Mahmoudi,1 Peyman Astaraki,1 Azita Zafar Mohtashami,1 Maryam Ahadi2 1Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, 2Legal Medicine Research Center of Lorestan, Khorramabad, Iran Abstract: N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is used widely and effectively in oral and intravenous forms as a specific antidote for acetaminophen poisoning. Here we report a rare case of iatrogenic NAC overdose following an error in preparation of the solution, and describe its clinical symptoms. Laboratory results and are presented and examined. A 23-year-old alert female patient weighing 65 kg presented to the emergency ward with weakness, lethargy, extreme fatigue, nausea, and dizziness. She had normal arterial blood gas and vital signs. An excessive dosage of NAC over a short period of time can lead to hemolysis, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure in patients with normal glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and finally to death. Considering the similarity between some of the clinical symptoms of acetaminophen overdose and NAC overdose, it is vitally important for the administration phases and checking of the patient's symptoms to be carried out attentively and cautiously. Keywords: N-acetylcysteine, overdose, acetaminophen poisoning, medication error

Published
2015

3. Community participation in the development of ward-based secondary schools in Tanzania

Author

Anania, Ahadi M.

Subjects
373.119, LA History of education, LC Special aspects of education
Abstract

Community participation is widely advocated to enhance development. In Tanzania, it is embraced as a strategy to support the government in service provision and development. It is also regarded as a way to inspire community commitment, ownership, and hence sustainability. Community participation (CP) is a dominant strategy in the development of Ward-Based Secondary Schools (WBSS) in Tanzania. However, the schools remain constrained by inadequate facilities and infrastructure. This study set out to explore CP in the development of WBSS in the current education policy context of Tanzania. It explored the nature and extent of community members' involvement in the development of WBSS, and the extent to which they participate in funding the schools' development. The study further aimed to explore perceptions of community members about their participation and the factors that facilitate and hinder their participation in the development of WBSS. The study adopted a constructivist paradigm, employing a multiple case study design to generate thick and holistic data from four WBSS, selected purposively. Nine participants were drawn from each case school and its community through stratified and purposive sampling to examine participation of CMs in the development of WBSS. Interviews, observations and documentary reviews were the methods employed in data collection. Thematic analysis was used to develop themes inductively from data, linked to the research questions. The study found that CMs were involved through contributing their views during meetings and making monetary contributions for school development. However, the study also established that CMs were not genuinely involved in planning and decision-making, thus limiting their motivation to participate. The findings show that there was generally a low level of CP, attributed to the low income of community members, limited approaches for involving CMs, policy contradictions, and the politics of multi-partyism. These barriers partly result in CMs' perception that it is the responsibility of the government to manage and finance the development of WBSS. Such factors constitute major barriers to genuine CP, making it difficult for WBSS to develop despite the shared responsibility of several stakeholders, including the government and communities. The findings lead to a grounded-theory model for genuine community participation. The study provides recommendations to policy makers at the national level, for practice at local government level, and for further research. It recommends that, policies should respond to the realities of CMs' lives, with respect to participation and development. They should be clear and well disseminated to avoid misinterpretations engendered by local and national politics. The government's ability to support schools should be made clear to CMs, and there should be clear delineation of responsibilities among stakeholders. Finally, the study recommends further research to involve other categories of schools, and widening the geographical coverage of the study, as well as exploring the perspectives of government officials on community participation, as this remains an important strategy for school development.

Published
2019

7. Determinants of postgraduate students' awareness and utilization of educational research paradigms and approaches in a public university in Tanzania

Author

Moshi Amsi Mislay and Ahadi Mzumbwe Anania

Subjects
Research paradigm, Research approach, Postgraduate students, Educational research, Theses, Dissertations, History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, AZ20-999, Social sciences (General), H1-99
Abstract

This study explores the determinants of postgraduate students' awareness and utilization of educational research paradigms and approaches at a public university in Tanzania. Employing a survey design, we analyzed data from administered closed-ended questionnaires to academic staff and students. The research identified key factors influencing students' engagement with educational research paradigms, including educational background, access to resources, supervisory practices, and institutional culture. Findings revealed that there is no single factor that determines postgraduate students' awareness and utilization of educational research paradigms and approaches in universities. Rather, there are multitude of factors ranging from students’ background and interests, the influence of the supervisors and the institution, nature of research topics, the teaching of research methods, and peer influence. The study underscores the need for enhanced curriculum design and supervisory support to improve paradigm-specific knowledge and application. Implications for curriculum development and pedagogical practices are discussed to foster a more comprehensive and effective research environment.

Published
2025
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8. Development and External Validation of a Model to Predict Overall Survival in Patients With Resected Gallbladder Cancer

Author

de Savornin Lohman, Elise A.J., primary, de Bitter, T.J.J., additional, Hannink, G., additional, Wietsma, M.F.T., additional, Vink-Borger, E., additional, Nagtegaal, I.D., additional, Hugh, T.J., additional, Gill, A.J., additional, Bhimani, N., additional, Ahadi, M. Seyed, additional, van der Post, R.S., additional, and de Reuver, Philip R., additional

Published
2021
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9. NTRK gene rearrangements are highly enriched in MLH1/PMS2 deficient, BRAF wild-type colorectal carcinomas-a study of 4569 cases.

Author

Chou, A, Fraser, T, Ahadi, M, Fuchs, T, Sioson, L, Clarkson, A, Sheen, A, Singh, N, Corless, CL, Gill, AJ, Chou, A, Fraser, T, Ahadi, M, Fuchs, T, Sioson, L, Clarkson, A, Sheen, A, Singh, N, Corless, CL, and Gill, AJ

Abstract

NTRK gene rearrangements are important to identify as predictors of response to targeted therapy in many malignancies. Only 0.16-0.3% of colorectal carcinomas (CRCs) harbor these fusions making universal screening difficult. We therefore investigated whether pan-Trk immunohistochemistry (IHC), mismatch repair deficiency (MMRd), and BRAFV600E mutation status could be used to triage molecular testing for NTRK gene rearrangements in CRC. CRCs from 4569 unselected patients underwent IHC in TMA format with two different anti-pan-Trk rabbit monoclonal antibodies. All positive cases were confirmed on whole sections and underwent RNA-sequencing. Pan-Trk IHC was positive in 0.2% of CRCs (9/4569). Both antibodies demonstrated similar staining characteristics with diffuse positive staining in all neoplastic cells. Of note 8/9 (89%) IHC positive cases were both MMRd (all showing MLH1/PMS2 loss) and lacked BRAFV600E mutation. That is, IHC was positive in 5.3% (8/152) MLH1/PMS2/BRAFV600E triple negative CRCs, but only 0.02% (1/4417) not showing this phenotype. All nine IHC positive CRCs demonstrated gene rearrangements (LMNA-NTRK1 in 5 CRCs, TPR-NTRK1, STRM-NTRK1, MUC2-NTRK2, and NTRK1 with an unknown partner in one each), suggesting close to 100% specificity for IHC in this sub-population. NTRK fusions were associated with right sided (p = 0.02), larger tumors (p = 0.029) with infiltrative growth (p = 0.021). As a part of universal Lynch syndrome screening many institutions routinely test all CRCs for MMRd, and then proceed to reflex BRAFV600E mutation testing in MLH1/PMS2 negative CRCs. We conclude that performing pan-Trk IHC on this preselected subgroup of MLH1/PMS2/BRAFV600E triple negative CRCs (only 3.3% of all CRC patients) is a resource effective approach to identify the overwhelming majority of CRC patients with NTRK gene fusions.

Published
2020

12. Evaluation of serum HBV viral load, transaminases and histological features in chronic HBeAg-negative hepatitis B patients

Author

Esmaeelzadeh, A., Saadatnia, H., Memar, B., Amirmajdi, E. M., Ganji, A., Goshayeshi, L., Meshkat, Z., Pasdar, A., Vosoughinia, H., Mohammadreza Farzanehfar, Tehranian, S., Ghaffarzadehgan, K., Rajabzadeh, F., and Ahadi, M.

Subjects
grade, ALT, HBeAg-negative, Original Article, stage, AST, digestive system diseases, viral load
Abstract

Aim: To evaluate the association between biochemical, virologic and histologic features in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Background: Hepatitis-B e-antigen (HBeAg)-negative is common in Iran, is progressive with poor prognosis. Therefore, it seems necessary to perform a comprehensive evaluation of different spectrum of laboratory measurements accompanying histological findings. Methods: HBeAg- negative CHB patients referring to two university hospitals during two years were enrolled. Alcohol consumption, liver mass, fatty liver and positive results of Anti HDV, Anti HCV or Anti HIV were excluded. The relationship between viral loads, liver enzymes (old and new cutoffs) and histopathological features was analyzed using descriptive and analytic statistical methods. Results: A total of 150 HBeAg-negative CHB (males=110, mean age=38.44±11.34 years) were assessed. ALT had a significant relation with the logarithm of serum HBV-DNA (P

Published
2017

13. NTRK gene rearrangements are highly enriched in MLH1/PMS2 deficient, BRAF wild-type colorectal carcinomas-a study of 4569 cases

Author

Chou, A, Fraser, T, Ahadi, M, Fuchs, T, Sioson, L, Clarkson, A, Sheen, A, Singh, N, Corless, CL, and Gill, AJ

Subjects
Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf, Gene Rearrangement, Adult, Male, congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities, Oncogene Proteins, Fusion, Middle Aged, digestive system diseases, Pathology, Biomarkers, Tumor, Humans, Female, Receptor, trkA, Colorectal Neoplasms, MutL Protein Homolog 1, neoplasms, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Aged, Mismatch Repair Endonuclease PMS2
Abstract

NTRK gene rearrangements are important to identify as predictors of response to targeted therapy in many malignancies. Only 0.16-0.3% of colorectal carcinomas (CRCs) harbor these fusions making universal screening difficult. We therefore investigated whether pan-Trk immunohistochemistry (IHC), mismatch repair deficiency (MMRd), and BRAFV600E mutation status could be used to triage molecular testing for NTRK gene rearrangements in CRC. CRCs from 4569 unselected patients underwent IHC in TMA format with two different anti-pan-Trk rabbit monoclonal antibodies. All positive cases were confirmed on whole sections and underwent RNA-sequencing. Pan-Trk IHC was positive in 0.2% of CRCs (9/4569). Both antibodies demonstrated similar staining characteristics with diffuse positive staining in all neoplastic cells. Of note 8/9 (89%) IHC positive cases were both MMRd (all showing MLH1/PMS2 loss) and lacked BRAFV600E mutation. That is, IHC was positive in 5.3% (8/152) MLH1/PMS2/BRAFV600E triple negative CRCs, but only 0.02% (1/4417) not showing this phenotype. All nine IHC positive CRCs demonstrated gene rearrangements (LMNA-NTRK1 in 5 CRCs, TPR-NTRK1, STRM-NTRK1, MUC2-NTRK2, and NTRK1 with an unknown partner in one each), suggesting close to 100% specificity for IHC in this sub-population. NTRK fusions were associated with right sided (p = 0.02), larger tumors (p = 0.029) with infiltrative growth (p = 0.021). As a part of universal Lynch syndrome screening many institutions routinely test all CRCs for MMRd, and then proceed to reflex BRAFV600E mutation testing in MLH1/PMS2 negative CRCs. We conclude that performing pan-Trk IHC on this preselected subgroup of MLH1/PMS2/BRAFV600E triple negative CRCs (only 3.3% of all CRC patients) is a resource effective approach to identify the overwhelming majority of CRC patients with NTRK gene fusions.

Published
2019

16. Hepatitis-C Infection Incidence Among the non-Hodgkin’s B-cell Lymphoma Patients in the Northeast of Iran

Author

Aledavood, S. A., Ghavam-Nasiri, M. R., Ghaffarzadegan, K., Raziee, H. R., Saboori, G., kazem anvari, Mohtashami, S., Ahadi, M., and Memar, B.

Subjects
immune system diseases, hemic and lymphatic diseases, B-cell, Epidemiology, virus diseases, Original Article, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, Hepatitis C, digestive system diseases
Abstract

Background Various infectious agents like Ebstein Barr Virus (EBV), HTLV-1 and Helicobacter pylori have known as etiologic factors in different sub-types of lymphoma. Although Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has not only been important for its hepatotropism and hepatitis development, but also in recent years its association with some forms of non- Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), especially B cell NHL, has reported.In some countries, the rate of B cell NHL development in HCV infected patients was four times more than general population, and then association between HCV infection and B-NHL has proposed in many studies. Methods To assess this relationship in our geographic region, in a descriptive study; we have evaluated patients with B-NHL in an oncology center in northeast of Iran for HCV infection. Results Out of 128 B-NHL patients, HCV Antibody test (with third generation ELISA method) was positive in only one patient, which confirmed with Nested PCR technique. Then the frequency of HCV infection in our patients was 0.7%. Conclusion Respecting to the incidence of HCV infection in general population in Iran, which is between 0.5-1%, we couldn’t show higher prevalence of HCV infection in NHL patients than general population, and hence couldn’t confirm relation between HCV infection and B-NHL in our region.

Published
2014

17. Lessons learnt from implementation of a Lynch syndrome screening program for patients with gynaecological malignancy.

Author

Najdawi, F, Crook, A, Maidens, J, McEvoy, C, Fellowes, A, Pickett, J, Ho, M, Nevell, D, McIlroy, K, Sheen, A, Sioson, L, Ahadi, M, Turchini, J, Clarkson, A, Hogg, R, Valmadre, S, Gard, G, Dooley, SJ, Scott, RJ, Fox, SB, Field, M, Gill, AJ, Najdawi, F, Crook, A, Maidens, J, McEvoy, C, Fellowes, A, Pickett, J, Ho, M, Nevell, D, McIlroy, K, Sheen, A, Sioson, L, Ahadi, M, Turchini, J, Clarkson, A, Hogg, R, Valmadre, S, Gard, G, Dooley, SJ, Scott, RJ, Fox, SB, Field, M, and Gill, AJ

Abstract

Despite a trend towards universal testing, best practice to screen patients presenting with gynaecological malignancy for Lynch syndrome (LS) is uncertain. We report our institutional experience of a co-ordinated gynaecological LS screening program. All patients with endometrial carcinoma or carcinosarcoma, or gynaecological endometrioid or clear cell carcinomas undergo reflex four panel immunohistochemistry (IHC) for MLH1, PMS2, MSH2 and MSH6 followed by cascade somatic hypermethylation analysis of the MLH1 promoter locus for dual MLH1/PMS2 negative tumours. On the basis of these results, genetic counselling and targeted germline mutation testing is then offered to patients considered at high risk of LS. From 1 August 2013 to 31 December 2015, 124 patients were screened (mean age 64.6 years). Thirty-six (29.0%) demonstrated abnormal MMR IHC: 26 (72.2%) showed dual loss of MLH1/PMS2, five (13.9%) dual loss of MSH2/MSH6, three (8.3%) isolated loss of MSH6, and two (5.6%) isolated loss of PMS2. Twenty-five of 26 (96.1%) patients with dual MLH1/PMS2 loss demonstrated MLH1 promoter methylation. Therefore, 11 (8.9%) patients screened were classified as high risk for LS, of whom nine (81.8%) accepted germline mutation testing. Three (2.4% of total screened) were confirmed to have LS, two with germline PMS2 and one with germline MSH2 mutation. Massive parallel sequencing of tumour tissue demonstrated somatic mutations which were concordant with the IHC results in the remainder. Interestingly, the one MLH1/PMS2 IHC negative but not hypermethylated tumour harboured only somatic MLH1 mutations, indicating that universal cascade methylation testing in MLH1/PMS2 IHC negative tumours is very low yield and could be reconsidered in a resource-poor setting. In conclusion, universal screening for LS in patients presenting with gynaecological malignancy using the algorithm described above identified LS in three of 124 (2.4%) of our population. Only three of nine (33.3%) patients cons

Published
2017

18. Dynamics of Land Use and Land Cover Change in the South Talihya Watershed North Kivu, Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo

Author

Musubao Kapiri Moïse, Pierre Ozer, Mulondi Kayitoghera Gloire, Ahadi Mahamba Jonathan, Uzimati Djurua Isaac, Musongora Kambale Muyisa, Kahambu Matimbya Hintou, and Muhindo Sahani Walere

Subjects
deforestation, forest ecosystems, land use, natural resources, Social Sciences
Abstract

The anthropization of forest ecosystems has become a major environmental problem with negative impacts on biodiversity around the world. Responding to such a problem requires monitoring land use. Thus, this study aims to analyze the Spatio-temporal dynamics of land use (LULC) to implement effective management strategies for forest ecosystems in the South Talihya watershed in eastern DR Congo. For this, a diachronic study of Landsat TM+ satellite images from 1987 and 2001 and Sentinel-2 from 2020 was used. The results revealed that natural formations have regressed in favor of croplands and fallow mosaics in the Talihya South watershed. The forests which occupied 183.68 km2 in 1987, decreased to 140.94 km2 in 2001 and 108.2 km2 in 2020. Bare lands and buildings represented 87.54 km2 in 2020 against 115.33 km2 in 2001 and 58 .63 km2 in 1987. The current state of land use indicates that Crop lands, fallows, and pastures occupy a high surface area compared to forests and bare lands and buildings. These Crop lands, fallows, and pastures occupied 317.88 km2 in 1987, 303.74 km2 in 2001, and 373.34 km2 in 2020. The observed changes result from overexploitation of resources characterized by the expansion of agricultural lands and tree logging. The annual deforestation rate calculated from forested areas of Talihya South watershed between dates t0 (1987) and t1 (2020) was 1.60%. In view of these results, participatory land use planning is a way to ensure sustainable management of the existing residual forests in this watershed.

Published
2022
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20. Dynamic effects of pair correlation functions on spin relaxation by translational diffusion in two-dimensional fluids.

Author

Korb, J.-P., Ahadi, M., Zientara, G. P., and Freed, J. H.

Subjects
*PAIRING correlations (Nuclear physics), *SPIN-lattice relaxation, *DIFFUSION, *FLUIDS
Abstract

The dynamic effects of pair correlation functions (pcf) on spin relaxation by translational diffusion in infinite two-dimensional fluids are considered explicitly through a Smoluchowski equation, for the usual conditional probability, with appropriate boundary conditions, especially at the contact separation of the interacting pair of molecules. The solution of this equation by finite difference techniques permits the calculation of time correlation functions, spectral densities, and spin-relaxation rates associated with a dipolar relaxation mechanism between the spin-bearing molecules. Comparison of the two-dimensional spin-relaxation results obtained with different pcf is presented. The spectral densities and spin-relaxation rates are indeed found to be significantly altered by the pcf. For example, for a nonuniform pcf, the two-dimensional spectral densities, at (and above) the Larmor frequency ω0, are greater for translational correlation times τt that are an order of magnitude faster than τt=ω-10 which provides the maximum spectral density in bulk theory. This fast motion result is consistent with the two-dimensional dynamical results found by other techniques. Moreover for a nonuniform pcf and a single translational correlation time, two well-defined minima are found in the variation of the spin-lattice relaxation time with the diffusion coefficient. This could be very useful for interpreting the spin-relaxation data of diffusing complexes in clays, intercalation compounds, and bilayers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1987
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33. Effect of turbulence closure models on the accuracy of moving particle semi-implicit method for the viscous free surface flow.

Author

Kolahdoozan, M., Ahadi, M. S., and Shirazpoor, S.

Subjects
FLUID mechanics, VISCOSITY, TURBULENCE, MOMENTUM (Mechanics), KERNEL functions, DAM failures
Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to put forward the effect of different turbulence closure models on an enhanced Moving Particle Semi-implicit (MPS) method for solving continuity and momentum equations of viscous fluid. MPS method is a mesh-free Lagrangian method capable of solving non-linear governing equations and simulating complex free surface flow circumstances. Various turbulence closure models are added to a MPS program and applied it to different fluid mechanic problems to investigate the effect of these types of closure. Dam break simulation outcome indicates that the two-equation k -- ∈ turbulence model improves free surface estimation accuracy most. It also shows that type of utilized Kernel function has no significant efficacy on stability when the effect of turbulence is included. Further, an algorithm called Incomplete Conjugate Cholesky Gradient (ICCG) is applied for computing pressure implicitly. Applying developed model to well-known sample problems cited in the literature represents that using turbulence closure models can enhance the prediction of developed model as well as stability of the simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014

40. Use of a synthetic homologue of human fibrinopeptide A for production of a monoclonal antibody specific for the free peptide

Author

Kudryk, B, Gidlund, M, Rohoza, A, Ahadi, M, Coiffe, D, and Weitz, JI

Abstract

It has been shown that epitopes reactive with one group of rabbit antibodies to human fibrinopeptide A (hFPA, A alpha 1–16) are included in its COOH-terminal region (A alpha 7–16). It was further established that Asp-7, Phe-8, and Arg-16 contribute to immunoreactivity and that intact fibrinogen and hFPA-containing fragments react poorly with such antibodies. The purpose of this investigation was to prepare a synthetic peptide corresponding to A alpha 7–16 and use it for generation of FPA-specific monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs). Such probes would allow for development of assays that could measure hFPA directly in plasma. In our approach, an ovalbumin-conjugate of the hFPA homologue served as immunogen. Mouse spleen cells were fused with the immunoglobulin nonsecretor myeloma (P3X63Ag8.653). A hybridoma (8C2–5) has been isolated that secretes an antibody (MoAb/8C2–5) with the following characteristics: (a) IgG1, kappa isotype; (b) equilibrium dissociation constant of 1.5 +/- 0.2 x 10(7) L/mol with the [125I]- labeled N-tyrosyl derivative of hFPA [( 125I] Tyr-hFPA) as ligand; (c) reacts with hFPA and dog FPA (dFPA) but not with the des Arg (A alpha 1– 15) or shorter peptides; (d) does not react with intact fibrinogen or A alpha-chain of human or dog origin; (e) does not react with the elastase-generated hFPA-containing peptide A alpha 1–21. Enzyme-based immunoassays (EIAs) have been developed for measuring plasma hFPA levels in the range 3 x 10(-8) to 5 x 10(-7) mol/L. Since it has already been shown by a number of investigators that hFPA levels in patients with overt defibrination fall into this range, we propose that the MoAb/8C2–5-based assays may serve as useful clinical tools in screening patients at risk of thrombosis. The 8C2–5 antibody may also be helpful in studies dealing with congenital dysfibrinogenemias, particularly in identifying heterozygous propositi with amino acid substitutions at any position within the A alpha 7–16 region. Finally, due to its cross-reactivity with dFPA, assays using this antibody should also be valuable in the canine experimental thrombosis model studies.

Published
1989
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41. Short-term outcomes of collagen crosslinking for early keratoconus

Author

Derakhshan, A., Shandiz, J. H., Ahadi, M., Ramin Daneshvar, and Esmaily, H.

Subjects
Cornea, genetic structures, lcsh:Ophthalmology, lcsh:RE1-994, Riboflavin, Collagen Crosslinking, Original Article, sense organs, UVA Radiation, Keratoconus, eye diseases
Abstract

Purpose: To assess the efficacy of collagen crosslinking with riboflavin and ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation for treatment of early keratoconus. Methods: Thirty-one eyes of 22 patients with early keratoconus were included in this study. All patients underwent slit lamp examination and assessment of uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), intraocular pressure, corneal topography and pachymetry. Collagen crosslinking was performed without epithelial removal. Riboflavin was applied to the cornea every 3 minutes 30 minutes before UVA irradiation and every 5 minutes thereafter. Patients were re-assessed 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment. Results: Postoperatively, UCVA increased by 2 Snellen lines and BSCVA was improved by 1.7 Snellen lines (P < 0.001). Spherical equivalent refractive error was reduced by 0.55 D, and maximum and mean K values were decreased by 0.65 D and 0.51 D respectively (P < 0.05 for all comparisons). Evidence of regression was present in 71% of treated eyes. Conclusion: Collagen crosslinking demonstrated significant improvement in vision with reduction in corneal power and spherical equivalent refractive error in eyes with early keratoconus.

43. Effect of hypertonic saline infusion versus normal saline on serum NGAL and cystatin C levels in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft

Author

Fardin Yousefshahi, Bashirzadeh, M., Abdollahi, M., Mojtahedzadeh, M., Salehiomran, A., Jalali, A., Mazandarani, M., Zaare, E., and Ahadi, M.

Subjects
lcsh:Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, Acute, kidney injury, Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin protein, rat, lcsh:RC666-701, Coronary artery bypass, hypertonic, Saline solution, hypertonic, Original Article, Acute, kidney injury • Coronary artery bypass • Cystatin C • Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin protein, Cystatin C, rat • Saline solution
Abstract

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and life-threatening complication following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and Cystatin C have shown to be good predictive factors for AKI. Recently, there has been a growing interest in the use of hypertonic saline in cardiac operations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prophylactic anti-inflammatory effect of hypertonic saline (Group A) infusionversus normal saline (Group B) on serum NGAL and Cystatin C levels as the two biomarkers of AKI in CABG patients. Methods: This randomized double-blinded clinical trial recruited 40 patients undergoing CABG in Tehran Heart Center, Tehran, Iran. After applying exclusion criteria, the effects of preoperative hypertonic saline (294 meq Na) versus normal saline (154 meq Na) infusion on serum NGAL and Cystatin C levels were investigated in three intervals: before surgery and 24 and 48 hours postoperatively. The probable intraoperative or postoperative confounders, including pump time, cross- clamp time, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, central venous pressure, arterial pH, partial pressure of arterial oxygen, fraction of inspired oxygen, blood sugar, Na, K, Mg, hemoglobins, white blood cells, hematocrits, and platelets, were recorded and compared between the two groups of study. Results: The study population comprised 40 patients, including 25 (62.5%) males, at a, mean age ± SD of 61.75 ± 8.13 years. There were no statistically significant differences between the patients' basic, intraoperative, and postoperative characteristics, including intraoperative and postoperative hemodynamic variables and supports such as inotropic use. Intra-aortic balloon pump use and mortality were not seen in our cases. Three patients in the normal saline group and one patient in the hypertonic saline group had serum NGAL levels greater than 400 ng/ml. Moreover, 10 patients in Group A and 17 patients in group B showed a rise in serum Cystatin C levels above1.16 mg/dl. Patients with AKI had significantly elevated NGAL and Cystatin C levels (p value < 0.001), but there were no significant differences in the decrease in the NGAL level in the hypertonic saline group versus the normal saline group (230.91 ± 92.68 vs. 239.74 ± 116.58 ng/ml, respectively; p value = 0.792), or in the decrease in the Cystatin C level in the hypertonic saline group versus the normal saline group (1.05 ± 0.26 vs. 1.06 ± 0.31, respectively; p value = 0.874). Conclusion: Pre-treatment of CABG patients with hypertonic saline had no significant effect on serum NGAL and Cystatin C levels compared to the normal saline-receiving group. Our present data, albeit promising, have yet to fully document outcome differences

47. Undiagnosed bipolar disorders in patients with major depressive episode: Iran's part of a multicenter cross-sectional study

Author

Abhari, S. A. A., Sadeghi, M., Ardestani, S. M. S., Yousef Semnani, Mirsepassi, G., Sadr, S. S., Kamaloo, A., Ahadi, M., Pourmirza, B., and Mir, E.

Subjects
Bipolar Spectrum, Mania, Bipolar disorder, lcsh:RC435-571, lcsh:Psychiatry, mental disorders, Original Article, sense organs, Major depressive disorder, Bipolarity Specifier, Hypomania
Abstract

Objective: Bipolar spectrum disorders may often go undiagnosed or unrecognized. The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of bipolar disorder symptoms in Iranian patients with a major depressive episode.Methods: 313 patients with a current DSM-IV-TR (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th ed. Text rev.) diagnosed with a major depressive episode entered this cross-sectional study. Thirty two items revised Hypomania/ mania Symptoms Checklist (HCL-32) was used to determine the frequency of bipolar episodes.Results: Considerable proportion of patients (53.9%) previously diagnosed as major depressive disorder fulfilled the criteria for bipolar disorder by Bipolarity Specifier. The Bipolarity Specifier additionally identified significant association for manic / hypomanic states during antidepressants therapy (p

49. Community participation in the development of ward-based secondary schools in Tanzania

Author

Anania, Ahadi M. and Anania, Ahadi M.

Abstract

Community participation is widely advocated to enhance development. In Tanzania, it is embraced as a strategy to support the government in service provision and development. It is also regarded as a way to inspire community commitment, ownership, and hence sustainability. Community participation (CP) is a dominant strategy in the development of Ward-Based Secondary Schools (WBSS) in Tanzania. However, the schools remain constrained by inadequate facilities and infrastructure. This study set out to explore CP in the development of WBSS in the current education policy context of Tanzania. It explored the nature and extent of community members’ involvement in the development of WBSS, and the extent to which they participate in funding the schools’ development. The study further aimed to explore perceptions of community members about their participation and the factors that facilitate and hinder their participation in the development of WBSS. The study adopted a constructivist paradigm, employing a multiple case study design to generate thick and holistic data from four WBSS, selected purposively. Nine participants were drawn from each case school and its community through stratified and purposive sampling to examine participation of CMs in the development of WBSS. Interviews, observations and documentary reviews were the methods employed in data collection. Thematic analysis was used to develop themes inductively from data, linked to the research questions. The study found that CMs were involved through contributing their views during meetings and making monetary contributions for school development. However, the study also established that CMs were not genuinely involved in planning and decision-making, thus limiting their motivation to participate. The findings show that there was generally a low level of CP, attributed to the low income of community members, limited approaches for involving CMs, policy contradictions, and the politics of multi-partyism. These barrie

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