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PURPOSE: To analyze the prevalence and magnitude of tooth movements adjacent to single-implant crowns in a long-term study, and to discuss these changes in relation to changes in cephalometric measurements of a reference group after 10 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-five of an original group of 39 patients, consecutively restored with single-implant crowns in the anterior maxilla, were included. The mean age was 25.4 years (SD: 10.0) at inclusion. Clinical photographs were taken at implant crown placement and at the final examination an average of 15.9 years (SD: 0.74) later. The reference group comprised 134 dental students with a mean age of 22.9 years (SD: 1.20) at inclusion. Cephalograms and study casts were made at inclusion and after 10 years. Study casts were also made after 20 years (n = 61). Tooth movements were assessed adjacent to the implant crowns according to a clinical index. For the reference group, cephalometric measurements were performed for anterior and posterior face height and gonion and nasion-sella line/mandibular line (NSL/ML) angles. Vertical overbite measurements were collected from the study casts. RESULTS: Altogether, 28 implant crowns were included in the test group. Male patients presented a clinically stable situation without any signs of vertical tooth movement adjacent to the single-implant restorations in 11 of 20 implant sites, compared to none in female patients (P < .05). With regard to horizontal tooth movements, 55% of the sites showed palatal tooth movements, which were relatively more common in females. Both males and females presented a significant average increase of anterior and posterior face height (P < .05), but only females presented a significant increase of the NSL/ML angle. Average vertical overbite was basically stable for 20 years, but individual variations were obvious. CONCLUSIONS: A possible relationship between significantly higher incidence of tooth movements adjacent to implants in females in the study group and significantly greater increase of anterior face height and posterior rotation of the mandible in the female reference group was observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To measure the long-term changes of clinical crown height in patients treated with single-implant crowns and compare them to those of an adult population with normal dentition. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The test group comprised 23 patients, consecutively restored with a total of 48 single-implant crowns in the anterior maxilla. Mean age was 26.1+/-11.4 years at inclusion. Original master casts were stored after treatment, and patients were recalled for new study casts an average of 15.8+/-0.74 years later. The control group comprised 141 dental students with a mean age of 22.9 +/-1.20 years at inclusion. Study casts were made at inclusion and after 10 (n = 141) and 20 years (n = 60). Clinical crown height was measured for maxillary anterior teeth, and data were pooled and compared regarding clinical crown height and changes in height. RESULTS: Implant clinical crowns were an average of 0.6+/-1.04 mm longer than the contralateral teeth (P < .05). Central and lateral incisors showed mucosal recession at an average of 0.4+/-0.53 mm (P < .05) and 0.6+/-0.58 mm (P < .01), respectively. In the control group, only minor insignificant changes (+/-0.1 mm) in mean clinical crown height could be observed during the follow-up period. However, obvious individual variations of changes could be found in the control group, and were more pronounced for women. Altogether, 15% and 9% of measured teeth showed > or = 1.0 mm increase or decrease of clinical crown height during 20 years, respectively. Initially, shorter teeth presented a trend (P < .05 to .001) of more mucosal recession than longer teeth. CONCLUSION: Mean values of clinical crown height disguise significant individual variations of changes. To perform a risk evaluation for potential future mucosal recession, it could be suggested that greater changes in clinical crown height may occur in patients provided with implant-supported crowns than in untreated control subjects, possibly more for women than men, and more for initially shorter teeth than for longer adjacent teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia ( CPVT) is a highly lethal cardiac arrhythmia disease occurring during exercise or psychological stress. CPVT has an estimated prevalence of 1:10,000 and has mainly been associated with variants in calcium-regulating genes. Identification of potential false-positive pathogenic variants was conducted by searching the Exome Aggregation Consortium ( ExAC) database ( n = 60,706) for variants reported to be associated with CPVT. The pathogenicity of the interrogated variants was assessed using guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics ( ACMG) and in silico prediction tools. Of 246 variants 38 (15%) variants previously associated with CPVT were identified in the ExAC database. We predicted the CPVT prevalence to be 1:132. The ACMG standards classified 29% of ExAC variants as pathogenic or likely pathogenic. The in silico predictions showed a reduced probability of disease-causing effect for the variants identified in the exome database (p < 0.001). We have observed a large overrepresentation of previously CPVT-associated variants in a large exome database. Based on the frequency of CPVT in the general population, it is less likely that the previously proposed variants are associated with a highly penetrant monogenic form of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM: The present study sought to identify potential differences between subjects who seek care for their low-back pain problems and those who do not with respect to pain intensity, grade of disability, physical or psychosocial working conditions, individual physical and physiological factors, and lifestyle factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study population was obtained from a population-based, case-referent study, the MUSIC-Norrtalje study. All persons with low-back pain among cases as well as 'referents' were compared according to care-seeking behaviour. In all 727 cases with low-back pain who had sought care by any of 75 caregivers in the region, including all physicians and physiotherapists as well as chiropractors, osteopaths, and homeopaths, 721 referents with low-back pain who did not seek care participated. All participants underwent a clinical examination, and filled in a questionnaire about personal and occupational data, pain and disability, pain history, psychosomatic complaints, and present psychosocial situation. RESULTS: High disability and high pain intensity were strongly related to care seeking among men and women with low-back pain. The odds ratios for high disability were 7.4 (CI 5.0 - 11.0) for women and 4.9 (CI 3.3 - 7.1) for men respectively. The odds ratios for high pain intensity were 3.7 (CI 2.2 - 6.0) for women and 1.7 (CI 1.1 - 2.8) for men. A more strained economic situation and use of passive coping strategies significantly increased the probability of women not seeking care. Neither previous pain history, high physical workload, nor jobstrain, poor job satisfaction, or life style factors (high body weight, smoking, and exercise) or psychosomatic complaints affected care-seeking behaviour. CONCLUSIONS: The most decisive factors for seeking care were disability and pain. However, numerous individuals with low disability and low pain intensity also seek care for their pain problems. Better information and advice on the common course of low-back pain may make those individuals less frightened of their pain and, as a result, reduce the consumption of care and social costs for society. The majority of people seek care for pain without wanting a medical prescription. The fact that economic factors seemed to be of importance indicates that costs for healthcare must be kept low if the goal is to give healthcare on equal terms for all. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to estimate the influence of total work hours, paid work in the labor market and unpaid work in the family domain, on care-seeking for low back and neck/shoulder disorders in the female population. The exposure assessments considered a typical working' day during the previous twelve months and were assessed by interviews and questionnaires; 704 cases and 984 referents were examined. The cases had sought professional care during the study period; the referents were randomly selected from the same source population. There was no increased relative risk for care-seeking for low back and neck/shoulder disorders for gainfully employed women compared to those not employed, or for full-time compared to part-time working women. At least 60 hours per week of paid work, or at least 40 hours per week of unpaid work, separately, indicated an increased relative risk for care-seeking. The present results did not strengthen the hypothesis that a high amount of hours of work is an independent risk factor for musculoskeletal disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to present, evaluate and propose a tool for the assessment of psychosocial working conditions in epidemiological studies. A referent group of the large epidemiological study, the MUSIC-Norrtälje study of musculoskeletal disorders, was used. The respondents were 950 working persons (585 female and 365 male). METHOD: Self-administered questionnaire and personal interview were used. The responses were subjected to factor analysis. The resulting model had components generated from the demand-control-support model and action theory. RESULT: The result supported the use of different aspects of psychological job demands. The interview data seemed to be more related to factual exposure and the questionnaire data more to individual perception. The usefulness of the model was supported by associations between the model and psychosomatic symptoms and sleep disturbances. CONCLUSION: A combination of interview and questionnaire increases the possibility of interpreting the association between working conditions and health and may provide a more effective basis for interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a multi-ancestry genome-wide association study on liver cirrhosis and its associated endophenotypes, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and γ-glutamyl transferase. Using data from 12 cohorts, including 18,265 cases with cirrhosis, 1,782,047 controls, up to 1 million individuals with liver function tests and a validation cohort of 21,689 cases and 617,729 controls, we identify and validate 14 risk associations for cirrhosis. Many variants are located near genes involved in hepatic lipid metabolism. One of these, PNPLA3 p.Ile148Met, interacts with alcohol intake, obesity and diabetes on the risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We develop a polygenic risk score that associates with the progression from cirrhosis to HCC. By focusing on prioritized genes from common variant analyses, we find that rare coding variants in GPAM associate with lower ALT, supporting GPAM as a potential target for therapeutic inhibition. In conclusion, this study provides insights into the genetic underpinnings of cirrhosis., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Context: Some evidence suggests gene-treatment interactions might cause persistent symptoms in individuals receiving levothyroxine (LT4) treatment., Objective: We investigated, as previously hypothesized, if single-nucleotide variations (SNVs; formerly single-nucleotide polymorphisms) in rs225014 (Thr92Ala), rs225015, or rs12885300 (ORFa-Gly3Asp) in the deiodinase 2 gene (DIO2), or rs17606253 in the monocarboxylate transporter 10 gene (MCT10) were associated with outcomes indicative of local tissue hypothyroidism in LT4-treated patients and controls., Methods: We included 18 761 LT4-treated patients and 360 534 controls in a population-based cross-sectional study in the UK Biobank. LT4 treatment was defined as a diagnosis of hypothyroidism and self-reported use of LT4 without use of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine. Outcomes were psychological well-being, cognitive function, and cardiovascular risk factors. Associations were evaluated by linear, logistic, or ordinal logistic multiple regression. Adjustments included sex, age, sex-age interaction, and genetic principal components 1 to 10., Results: Compared to controls, LT4 treatment was adversely associated with almost all outcomes, most noteworthy: Increased frequency of tiredness (P < .001), decreased well-being factor score (P < .001), increased reaction-time (P < .001), and increased body mass index (P < .001). Except for a significant association between the minor rs225015 A allele and financial dissatisfaction, there was no association of rs225014, rs225015, rs12885300, or rs17606253 with any outcomes in LT4-treated patients. For all outcomes, carrying the risk allele at these 4 SNVs did not amplify symptoms associated with LT4 treatment compared to controls., Conclusion: rs225014, rs225015, rs12885300, and rs17606253 could not explain changed psychological well-being, cognitive function, or cardiovascular risk factors in LT4-treated patients. Our findings do not support a gene-treatment interaction between these SNVs and LT4 treatment., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Endocrine Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)