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Byline: Ratnesh. Sinha, Angelin. Priya, Absar. Ahmad Context: Tuberculosis (TB) and Silicosis are public health problems with high morbidity and mortality. They also exist as comorbidities and are highly prevalent [...]

Socioeconomic scales are vital to public health research to measure associations and impacts on health. BG Prasad classification and the Kuppuswamy scales are two commonly used socio-economic scales for India as they are cost-effective and efficient. While BG Prasad classification is based on per capita family income, Kuppuswamy also measures education and occupation of the family head in addition to monthly family income. Since income is a dynamic entity affected by economic changes such as inflation and cost of consumption, there is a need to update the Prasad and Kuppuswamy classification. This research updates both the classifications as per the latest consumer price index values for January 2024. The research also discussed the steps to update the classifications for future use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents an innovative and environmentally friendly biological synthesis approach for producing α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) and the successful synthesis of α-Fe2O3/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposites (NCs). This novel synthesis route utilizes freshly extracted albumin, serving as both a reducing agent and a stabilizing agent, rendering it eco-friendly, cost-effective, and sustainable. A combination of characterization techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) was employed to predict and confirm the formation of the as-synthesized α-Fe2O3 NPs and α-Fe2O3/rGO NCs. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) verified the anisotropic nature of the synthesized nanoparticles. To gain insight into the enhanced capacitance of the α-Fe2O3/rGO NCs, a series of electrochemical tests, namely cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and stability assessments, were conducted in a conventional three-electrode configuration. Furthermore, a two-electrode asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) device was fabricated to assess the practical viability of this material. The α-Fe2O3/rGO NCs exhibited a remarkable potential window of 2 V in an aqueous electrolyte, coupled with exceptional cycling stability. Even after undergoing 10 000 cycles, the capacitive retention exceeded 100%, underlining the promising potential of this material for advanced energy storage applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a theoretical investigation on the generation of Cerenkov emission of terahertz acoustic phonons in bilayer graphene (BLG) in the presence of a driving dc electric field. We have numerically and analytically studied the Cerenkov phonon emission spectrum, P s p e c t r u m (ω p , θ) , and phonon intensity, P i n t e n s i t y (θ) , dependence on the phonon frequency ω p , drift velocity v d , electron temperature T e , concentration n, and phonon emission angle θ in BLG with and without considering the chirality of the charge carriers. We find that the magnitude of P s p e c t r u m (ω p , θ) increases at larger drift velocities and applied electric fields with the peak of the spectrum shifting toward the higher frequency side. The spectrum magnitude in BLG is found to be much enhanced as compared to conventional 2D semiconductors and transition metal dichalcogenides, which makes it viable for SASER and other practical device applications. The chiral nature of carriers strongly influences the P s p e c t r u m (ω p , θ) behavior and sharpens the spectrum peak but with a decrease in the magnitude. The chirality favors the negative emission spectrum caused by the absorption of acoustic phonons. P s p e c t r u m (ω p , θ) and P i n t e n s i t y (θ) are found to be strongly dependent on temperature but independent of carrier concentration in the equipartition regime. The study is significant from the point of application of BLG as an acousto/optoelectronic device and high-frequency phonon spectrometers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing need for cleaner air is gaining a lot of attention, and therefore, the removal of organosulfur compounds from fuel with a concentration less than 15 ppm is becoming the need of the hour. To fulfill this expectation, we have synthesized an emergent class of magnetic hybrid nanomaterials (Fe3O4/rGO and Ni/Fe3O4/rGO) through a sol–gel-assisted green synthetic technique that shows remarkable adsorptive desulfurization of dibenzothiophene (DBT). The structural feature of the magnetic nanomaterial was identified through various characterization techniques like PXRD, FTIR, Raman, XPS, TGA, BET, SEM, and TEM. The magnetization of Ni/Fe3O4/rGO confirmed that the adsorbents performed well in magnetic separation. Further, doping with various concentrations of Ni enhances its magnetization, thereby making the recovery of nanocomposites easy, eco-friendly, and inexpensive with the help of an external magnet. In contrast to an undoped nanocomposite, Ni-doped Fe3O4/rGO exhibits superior properties. Also, Ni-doped Fe3O4/rGO shows enhanced desulfurization with an effective removal efficiency of 73% as compared with a pristine nanocomposite (45%). This is because as the doping concentration of Ni metal was increased, active Lewis acid sites were remarkably increased which were favorably available for the transfer of lone pair electrons on S atoms or π-electrons in the aromatic ring of thiophene to form strong S–Ni bonding or π-complexation. With regard to academic, industrial, and environmental considerations, Ni/Fe3O4/rGO is found to be a promising adsorbent and can be the best replacement for adsorptive desulfurization due to its relatively high adsorption capacity, improved magnetization, and simple magnetic separation efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]