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The soil underneath any type of structure e.g. Building, road, highways etc. should be able to resist loadings, if not so it is subjected to failure. Usually the soil at the site is not ideal from viewpoint of engineering. An approach to this problem, is to improve the soils or to adopt soil stabilization. Various methods of soil stabilization have been developed and in practice across the world. In this research an attempt was made to use the agricultural waste to improve the soil stability, as in Punjab agricultural waste is available in excess. In Punjab, major crops are wheat and rice. So wheat straw is available in excess in Punjab. In Punjab, mostly we have clayey soil. We select the representative samples from different areas of Punjab namely Kasur, Lahore and Sheikhupura and performed certain tests on these samples. The wheat straw totally failed in enhancing compaction, but compressive stress increased up to some extent. So it can be utilized in slopes of embankments of highways, railways etc. but can’t be used in construction of structures. So it is recommended that the future students should very fine wheat straw to make the project better and having a more in depth analysis.

This study aims to identify a correlation between government initiatives and entrepreneurial perception using Global Entrepreneurship Monitor data. It uses the parameters of perceived opportunity, perceived capability, and entrepreneurial intention to correlate them with different government initiatives such as supportive and relevant policies, taxes related policies, government entrepreneurship programs, commercial and legal infrastructure, physical infrastructure and entrepreneurial education at the post-school stage. This multi-level framework is tested using canonical correlation analysis. Results validate our proposed conceptual framework by highlighting that government initiatives are significantly related to perception about opportunities, capabilities, and intention about entrepreneurship. The perception of capabilities and self-efficacy were the most important factors in gauging citizen’s perception about entrepreneurship. Similarly, government policies regarding taxes and bureaucracy, entrepreneurial education at the post-school stage, and physical infrastructure were the most important government interventions in shaping entrepreneurial perceptions among its citizens.

HIV-associated mortality has improved with the advent of antiretroviral therapy, yet neurocognitive decline persists. We assessed the association between psychosocial risk factors and cognitive function among Malaysian PLWH. Data of virally suppressed PLWH (n = 331) on stable ART, from the Malaysian HIV and Aging study was assessed. Psychosocial factors were assessed using the Lubben Social Network Scale-6 (social isolation) and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) with normative standards for the Malaysian population was used to determine cognitive function. Linear and logistic regression were used to assess the associations between cognition, and psychosocial risk factors. Median age of participants was 43.8 years (IQR 37.7–51.0). Participants were predominantly male (82.8%), with secondary education or higher (85.2%). Participants were on ART for 5.7 years (IQR 3.0–9.7), with a mean MoCA score of 24.6 (±3.7). Social isolation was found in 34.6% of participants, and severe depression, severe stress, and severe anxiety in 10.6%, 15.4%, and 6.0% respectively. After adjusting for demographic, clinical, and HIV parameters, MoCA scores were significantly associated with severe stress (β = −0.11, p = 0.02) and having marginal friendship ties (β = −0.13, p = 0.03). Social isolation and severe stress are associated with neurocognitive impairment in PLWH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Goat management in rural areas is still commonly done traditionally with little regard for health factors. One factor is the presence of parasitic worms in the goat's digestive tract which causes disturbed growth. The research aims to evaluate the effect of the addition of turmeric and multinutrient block plus (MNBP) in eliminating endoparasites and increasing feed intake of Jawarandu goats. The material used was 12 male Jawarandu goats weighing an average of 20 kg. A completely randomized design was used in this study with 4 treatments and 3 replications. Treatment T0: basal ration + MNBP; T1: T0 + 1% turmeric; T2: T0 + 3% turmeric; T3: T0 + 5% turmeric. The parameters observed were feed intake, weight gain, number of endoparasites and total eggs per gram of feces. Data analysis using analysis of variance significance level of 5% to determine the effect of treatment. If there is a treatment effect, it is followed by Duncan's multiple range test. The results showed a decrease in the number of endoparasites. The best treatment to induce an antibody system is T2 treatment, namely the addition of turmeric with a level of 3%. Feed intake was not significantly increasing although improving body weight gain in T2 and T3. The conclusion of the study is that the administration of MNBP and turmeric with a level of 5% has not been able to eliminate all endoparasites until the 28th day. MNBP and turmeric are useful as natural antioxidants. Increased level of turmeric can increase weight gain and immune system of goats. Keyword: Multinutrient blocks, turmeric, Jawarandu goats, endoparasite, feed intake

Keywords: ageing; HIV; PWH; WHO model of healthy ageing; interventions; life course, 1 | INTRODUCTION At the end of 2019, there were an estimated 38 million people living with HIV (PLWH) globally and approximately 7.5 million were 50 years and older [1]. [...]

Background: Double-J (DJ) stents have become an essential tool in the field of urology. Forgotten DJ stents are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, if not intervened timely. Aims and Objectives: In this study, we report our experience of forgotten stents related complications, along with its management and steps taken by us in preventing stent-related morbidity. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the records of patients presented to the Department of Urology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna with forgotten or long-term retention of DJ stents from January 2021 to December 2022. All cases were reviewed for age, gender, symptoms, indication of stent insertion, duration of stent insertion, radiological images, and procedures performed for management. Results: The mean age of the patients was 49.23 years. The mean duration of the indwelling stent in situ was 16.61 months. Presenting complaint was flank pain, recurrent urinary tract infection, dysuria, hematuria, and irritative lower urinary tract symptoms. Common indications of indwelling stents were ureteroscopic lithotripsy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, and Laparoscopic pyeloplasty. Cystoscopy, ureteroscopy, cystolithotripsy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, and open surgery were done to extract the forgotten DJ stent. Conclusion: Forgotten DJ stents are a source of severe morbidity. Patients and relatives counseling before and after the procedure is necessary in reducing stent-related complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]