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Resolving substandard oral healthcare data quality requires identifying the influencing factors. However, no known instrument for such assessment can be used locally. Objective: To develop and validate the HAI-DQ questionnaire for assessing human factors that influence oral healthcare data quality among primary oral healthcare workers in Malaysia. Methods: The HAI-DQ questionnaire was developed based on literature reviews, focus group discussions, and focus observations. Six experts assessed its content validity using the Content Validity Index (CVI), and the Face Validity Index (FVI) was used to establish its face validity through a pre-test involving 30 primary dental personnel. Results: Four domains with 57 items were derived during the HAI-DQ development. The I-CVI values between 0.83 to 1.00 and the S-CVI value of 0.97 indicated acceptable content validity. Excellent face validity was denoted by the I-FVI values of 0.93 to 1.00 and an S-FVI value of 0.99. Conclusion: HAI-DQ is relevant and comprehensible for assessing human aspects that influence data quality, indicating its potential to be used as an investigation tool in future research related to oral healthcare data quality. Nevertheless, other psychometric assessments are required to further support the instrument's validity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral health professionals frequently provide oral hygiene instruction (OHI) during dental visits, yet the evidence for its effectiveness is inconclusive. The main objective of this study was to examine the evidence on the effectiveness of various oral hygiene teaching approaches on periodontal health in adults. The study searched the PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus databases for reports published between January 2000 and June 2020 in the English language. The quality of the selected papers was evaluated using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines by two authors. Overall, five reports met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The heterogeneity of outcome measurements across studies did not allow for direct comparison. Verbal and brochures were among the methods used in the studies. OHI was found to have short-term (up to 13 weeks) effects on dental plaque levels and/or gingiva bleeding. No significant differences were noted among the different oral hygiene methods affecting periodontal health. There is evidence that OHI is effective in reducing plaque and gingival bleeding scores in adult individuals, but it is still unclear if the effect continues beyond 13 weeks. No single method can be highlighted as the best medium of instruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Diabetes mellitus is a long-standing risk factor for chronic periodontitis. Both the diseases share a two-way relationship, the common factor being the inflammatory-mediated pathway. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and the severity of chronic periodontitis, among chronic periodontitis patients, who attended the Periodontics Clinics at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan in 2017. It was a retrospective, cross-sectional study. The data was taken from patient records who attended the Dental Clinics at Hospital USM in the year 2017 and were diagnosed with chronic periodontitis. 166 patients with chronic periodontitis were recruited for the study. The medical history and periodontal charting of the chronic periodontitis subjects were retrieved from their records, categorizing them into test group (type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic periodontitis) and control group (chronic periodontitis only). Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 24.0 and independent t-test was used for the comparison of mean scores. Overall, 47 patients (28.31%) of chronic periodontitis had type 2 diabetes mellitus whereas 119 patients (71.69%) were non-diabetic. The mean age of diabetics with chronic periodontitis was also greater than the non-diabetics, with a slight predominance of male subjects. Similarly, all the periodontal parameters were far worse in diabetics with chronic periodontitis as compared to the non-diabetics. This study demonstrated that the prevalence of chronic periodontitis patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia for the year 2017 was lower than chronic periodontitis patients without type 2 diabetes mellitus. Also, it was deduced that type 2 diabetes mellitus has an adverse effect on the periodontal apparatus as periodontal status of chronic periodontitis patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus was worse than non-diabetic chronic periodontitis patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-8) is currently considered to be one of the most significant biomarkers for the development and early diagnosis of periodontitis. The aim of this study was to assess the salivary levels of MMP-8 in obese with chronic periodontitis patients. The study involved 60 subjects visiting the School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia. The participants were divided into two groups: group I consisted of 30 non-obese subjects with periodontitis while group II consisted of 30 patients with obesity and periodontitis. Chronic periodontitis was evaluated by several periodontal parameters, such as periodontal pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival bleeding index, plaque score, and obesity were measured by Body Mass Index (BMI). 3ml of stimulated saliva was collected for assessment of MMP-8 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Data were statistically analyzed by the independent t-test. The salivary MMP-8 protein levels were slightly higher in group II as compared to group I, however, it was not statistically significant (P=0.06). Only PPD and CAL were found statistically significant (P<.001, P=.005) when compared between both groups. The findings of this study demonstrate no association between obesity and salivary MMP-8 levels in chronic periodontitis patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prime objectives of this study were to compare stability in incisor irregularity, intercanine width, interpremolar width, intermolar width, arch length, and arch depth after debonding and at six months of retention via laser scanned digital dental models (LSD) and digital calliper (DC). This study was designed and conducted according to the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) guidelines. The selected 47 orthodontic patients (age = 21.58 ± 2.94 years) were randomized into two groups to receive either a passive self-ligating (Damon® 3MX 0.022-in slot, n = 23) or a conventional system (Gemini MBT 0.022-in slot, n = 24). Dental models of each subject for maxillary arch were scanned via NextEngine laser scanner and ScanStudio HD software. The maxillary arch variables assessed via Laser scanned digital dental models (LSD) and Digital Calliper (DC) were measured. The ICC coefficient values for inter-examiner were all in the range of strong correlation. Differences between the laser scanning and digital callipers measurements in most parameters were small except for the upper arch length at baseline and, none were statistically different. The stability for maxillary incisor irregularity, intercanine width, interpremolar width, intermolar width, arch length, and arch depth after debonding and at six months of retention via laser scanned digital dental models (LSD) and digital calliper (DC) revealed no significant difference. Thus for orthodontic treatment stability assessment both digital calliper and 3D dental models can be used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the amount of sugar in warm tea that satisfies the sweetness satisfaction and the factors associated with sugar consumption among patients attendants in Hospital USM Dental Clinic Universiti Sains Malaysia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study with convenience sampling method had been conducted. A sample size of n = 46 was estimated for the main study. Data collection involved a structured interview using a socio-demographic questionnaire, followed by an experiment of the amount of sugar self-added in warm tea that meets sweetness satisfaction. Numerical data were presented as mean and SD. Categorical data was as frequency (%). Mean SD comparison was analyzed using the t-test. Association was analyzed using Pearson correlation. Results: The results showed that the mean sugar consumption in warm tea per serves was 12.1 grams (SD = 3.23). Sociodemographic factors had no association with sugar consumption (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Hence, the patients attendants, taking tea more than once a day, were almost fulfilling the WHO sugar recommendations per day, by drinking warm tea only. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the main oral health and medical problems among elderly patients attending the dental clinic at Hospital USM. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated 98 patients aged 60 years old and above who attended the clinic from 1st January 2014 to 30th June 2014. Patient's medical record was obtained from the medical record unit and data on sociodemographic, main dental complaints and medical history were recorded. Results: Edentulism (30.6%) is the main reason for dental attendance followed by dental caries (21.4%), mobile tooth (16.3%) and tooth pain (13.3%). Most patients had hypertension (69.4%), diabetes (35.7%) heart disease (20.4%) and musculoskeletal disorder (13.3%). Conclusion: In conclusion, the main reason for dental attendance in the elderly are related to the cause of tooth loss and problems arising from tooth loss. Caution should be exercised when attending to the dental problem in elderly patients due to their medical problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reviewed the educational strategies of oral health intervention studies on children aged three to 18 years. Eighteen studies, published between January 2015 and December 2021, were found in the major databases and met the eligibility criteria. Information on the educational activities, topics, and study participants were extracted and synthesised, and the association between the number of strategies and oral health improvement was examined. Demonstrations, distribution of printed materials, and provision of oral health kits were frequently employed educational activities of the 14 studies identified.. Of ten topics, oral health care, diet, and oral diseases were frequently included. Most interventions involved children only and few had involved the parents, children, and teachers. Improvement in clinical and non-clinical outcomes are associated with fewer topics and targeting children only, respectively. It is unclear whether mixed and multiple strategies are advantageous and cost-effective in preventing oral diseases in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this narrative review is to discuss on different approaches of the flapless corticotomy techniques to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement. There was limited understanding about the effect of the surgical procedures because of the great variations in the procedures between the flapless corticotomy techniques. Hence, no specific technique can be claimed to be superior to another. Eleven clinical trials have been reviewed from PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar using the keywords such as accelerated, orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), minimally invasive corticotomy, RAP, corticision, piezocision, lasercision/laser assisted flapless corticotomy (LAFC), micro-osteoperforations (MOPs), discision and their combinations in the last 10 years. Early reports showed that Piezocision, MOPs and LAFC procedures are comparatively less aggressive flapless corticotomy procedure to accelerate OTM and more comfortable to the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: There is little discussion in the literature on the pathway linking oral health problems and academic performance in children. This study investigated the hypothesis that the influence of dental caries on academic performance is mediated through toothache and impacted sleep and study activities., Methods: This cross-sectional study on children aged 12-14 years collected data on the exposure (decayed tooth index), outcome (school examination results), and mediator (school absence due to toothache, and oral health impact on sleep and study performance using the Child Oral Impact on Daily Performance instrument) variables. It used mediation analysis to examine the indirect effects of a single and two serial-mediators using Model 4 (caries  mediator  AP) and Model 6 (caries  mediator 1  mediator 2  AP), respectively, in PROCESS macro add-on software in IBM SPSS v24. Analyses were carried out separately for boys and girls at a 5% significance level., Results: In Model 4, school absence due to toothache (boys: 95%CI: 0.42, 1.01; girls: 95%CI: 0.58, 0.98), and impacted sleep (95%CI: 0.13, 0.41; 95%CI: 2.17, 13.03), and study (95%CI:0.05, 0.42; 95%CI: 0.54, 0.94) performance were significant single mediators in both sexes. In Model 6, school absence due to toothache and impacted sleep activity (boys: 95%CI: 0.02, 0.29 and girls: 95%CI 1.37, 12.81), and school absence due to toothache and impacted study activity (girls: 95%CI 1.37, 12.81) were significant two serial mediators., Conclusion: This study provides empirical evidence showing that dental caries and toothache can impact academic performance as they disrupt sleep and study performances to influence the learning and cognition process. The finding bridges the understanding of the mechanism underpinning the relationship and thus, further emphasises the importance of caries prevention in children with high caries risk for improving their health outcomes and educational experience., (S. Karger AG, Basel.)

Background Dental caries and gingivitis are preventable diseases that remain highly prevalent among children globally and, while transmissible through the transfer of oral bacteria typically from mother to child, differ from communicable diseases that are spread through direct contact, air, or vectors. Unlike communicable diseases, dental caries and gingivitis can be effectively prevented through proper oral hygiene practices and dietary modifications. Oral health education (OHE) intends to improve oral hygiene practices and reduce oral health problems. However, evidence of the impact of multiple topics in OHE on preschool children is lacking. This study aimed to examine the effects of single- versus multiple-topic OHE delivered via video presentations on the plaque and gingival status of preschool children. Methods A parallel five-arm cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted on healthy preschool children aged five and six years. Children with chronic illnesses, disabilities, or conditions that could affect their oral health or ability to participate in the OHE intervention were excluded. OHE interventions were given to children from eight of the 10 classes assigned as intervention groups, while two classes served as the control group and received no intervention. The intervention groups received one, two, or three oral health topics using specially developed animation videos, in Malay language: toothbrushing technique (T), toothbrushing technique and the effects of sugar consumption on oral health (TS), toothbrushing technique and pathogenesis of dental caries and gingivitis (TP), and toothbrushing technique, the effects of sugar consumption on oral health, and pathogenesis of dental caries and gingivitis (TSP). Plaque and gingival scores, along with oral health knowledge, attitude, and skills (KAS), were recorded before and after the intervention. The CONSORT guidelines were followed in reporting. The analyses included descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, effect sizes, and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) at a 5% significance level. Results A total of 160 participants were equally distributed into five groups (n = 32). There were no baseline differences in plaque or gingival scores. All groups showed significantly lower plaque and gingival scores post-intervention (p < 0.05), with effect sizes ranging from -1.1 to -0.7. No changes in oral health (KAS) were observed. The intervention groups had significantly lower plaque and gingival scores compared to the control group (p < 0.05), but no differences were found between them after adjusting for baseline KAS (p > 0.05). Conclusions This study suggests that including multiple topics in OHE programs for preschool children may not necessarily improve oral health outcomes. Simplified OHE may be more advantageous in terms of time, cost, human resources, and organization., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. USM Human Research Ethics Committee issued approval USM/JEPeM/KK/23060506. Dear Dr., We wish to inform you that your study protocol has been reviewed and is hereby granted approval for implementation by the Jawatankuasa Etika Penyelidikan Manusia, Universiti Sains Malaysia (JEPeM-USM). Your study has been assigned study protocol code USM/JEPeM/KK/23060506, which should be used for all communications to JEPeM-USM in relation to this study. This ethical approval is valid from 26th October 2023 until 25th October 2024. Study Site: Kelantan, Malaysia. The following researchers are also involved in this study: 1. Dr. Mohd Zulkarnain Sinor 2. Dr. Basaruddin Ahmad 3. Dr. Sarliza Yasmin Sanusi 4. Dr. Ruhaya Hasan The following documents have been approved for use in the study. 1. Research Proposal. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Mohd Jaini et al.)

Interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), whose production is triggered by interferons, are known to defend the host from pathogenic and cancer-specific antigens, one of which is by inducing apoptosis in infected or mutated cells. It has been reported recently that specific ISGs aid cancer cells in evading immunosurveillance and inflammatory cells by inhibiting the apoptosis process. This report reviewed four apoptosis-regulating ISG proteins: interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15), interferon alpha-inducible protein 27 (IFI27), interferon alpha-inducible protein 6 (IFI6), and radical S-adenosyl methionine domain containing 2 (RSAD2), demonstrating anti-apoptosis function, and considered them protumorigenic., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Butt et al.)