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This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation on the behavior of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) bar‐reinforced hollow‐core (GFRP‐HC) circular concrete specimens under concentric, 25 mm and 50 mm eccentric axial loading and four‐point bending. The main parameters investigated include the type of reinforcing bars, pitch of the helices and loading conditions. The test matrix of this study consists of 12 specimens, among which nine specimens (850 mm high) were tested under concentric and eccentric axial loading and the remaining three specimens (1500 mm long) were tested under four‐point bending. The specimens were circular in cross‐section with an outer diameter of 214 mm and an inner circular hole diameter of 56 mm. The experimental results showed that, for the similar amount of reinforcement, steel bar‐reinforced hollow‐core (steel‐HC) specimens sustained higher loads than the GFRP‐HC specimens under different loading conditions. Also, the steel‐HC specimens achieved higher ductility than the GFRP‐HC specimens under 50 mm eccentric axial loading and four‐point bending. However, under concentric and 25 mm eccentric axial loading, the GFRP‐HC specimens achieved higher ductility than the steel‐HC specimens. The close pitch of the GFRP helices significantly enhanced the load carrying capacity and ductility of the GFRP‐HC specimens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seismic Hazard assessment is essential component for seismic risk analysis, mitigation and emergency management. Researches assessed hazard in the selected parts of Pakistan including Baluchistan province. Seismic Hazard Assessment for Khyber Pukthunkhwa (KPK) province has been previously done on large scale, however no such work has been carried out for Baluchistan province. The seismicity and frequency major earthquakes in Baluchistan province, require detailed Seismic Hazard Assessment. This paper presents the Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment (PSHA) of Baluchistan Pakistan, emphasizing on spectral acceleration parameters. Earthquake loading is defined in terms of 0.2sec and 1.0sec spectral acceleration. Seismic hazard is estimated in terms of Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) using Earthquake Risk Assessment (ERA) framework. This Framework is developed using Ambarasey's 2005 Ground Motion Prediction Equation for the assessment of hazard. A maximum Peak Ground Acceleration of 1.21 g, occurs in the district of Sibi, while minimum was found in Chaman of 0.03g using 1.0sec (S1) spectral acceleration and 0.65g at Quetta using 0.2sec (Ss) spectral acceleration. Seismic hazard mitigation strategies are recommended depending on the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]