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Wastewater treatment is of utmost importance in providing equitable and safe drinking water to all. In that bid, herein, a novel and potential Alginate-Silver nanoparticle/Mica (Alg-AgNPs/MC) bio-nanocomposite has been synthesized by the green method. The synthesized nanocomposite was further harnessed for the removal of methylene blue (MB) and brilliant green (BG) dyes from an aqueous solution for the first time and has not been reported in literature till now. The Alg-AgNPs/MC bionanocomposite was thoroughly characterized through FTIR, SEM-EDX, TEM, XRD, and TGA/DTA analysis. Moreover, Alg-AgNPs/MC bionanocomposite was further employed to remove both dyes from the aqueous solution in batch mode. The Alg-AgNPs/MC bionanocomposite could remove 99.07% of MB and 91.53% of BG at an initial concentration of (20 mg L−1), adsorbent dosage (0.01 g), time (180 min), pH-8 for MB dye and pH-9 for BG. The Alg-AgNPs/MC bionanocomposite achieved maximum adsorption capacities of 352 and 249 mg g−1 for BG and MB dyes, respectively. The equilibrium adsorption data for both dyes were best fitted to the Freundlich model with R2, 0.9945 and 0.9799 for BG and MB dyes, respectively. The adsorption dynamics were best followed by a pseudo second order kinetic model for both dyes. The positive value of thermodynamic parameter ΔH indicates the process to endothermic and spontaneous in nature. The exhausted Alg-AgNPs/MC bionanocomposite can be regenerated up to the 4th cycle successfully. [Display omitted] • A novel and potential Alg-AgNPs/MC bionanocomposite has been synthesized. • The optimum pH for Brilliant Green and Methylene Blue dyes were found to be 8 and 9. • Showed high q max of 352 and 249 mg g−1 for Brilliant Green and Methylene Blue dyes. • Freundlich and pseudo-second order model were best fitted for adsorption process. • The Alg-AgNPs/MC adsorbent can be regenerated successfully up to the 4th cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We focus our study on a co-variational inequality problem involving two generalized Yosida approximation operators in real uniformly smooth Banach space. We show some characteristics of a generalized Yosida approximation operator, which are used in our main proof. We apply the concept of nonexpansive sunny retraction to obtain a solution to our problem. Convergence analysis is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we solve a system of mixed variational inclusions involving a generalized Cayley operator and the generalized Yosida approximation operator. An iterative algorithm is suggested to discuss the convergence analysis. We have shown that our system admits a unique solution by using the properties of q-uniformly smooth Banach space, and we discuss the convergence criteria for sequences generated by iterative algorithm. Two examples are constructed, and an application is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, alginate@silver nanoparticles (Alg@AgNPs) bionanocomposite has been fabricated successfully and further explored for the removal of crystal violet (CV) dye from the aqueous solution. The surface morphology of the (Alg@AgNPs) bionanocomposite was characterized by various modern analytical techniques such as SEM-EDX, TEM, FTIR and XRD. The maximum adsorption was observed at optimum condition of (pH 7, adsorbent dose 0.01 g, equilibrium time 240 min and initial concentration 20 mg L−1). The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity was found to be 186.93 mg g−1 at 30 °C. The experimental data were further validated by various isotherm models and on the basis of highest correlation coefficient (R2, 0.99), Langmuir model was found to be best fitted model. Pseudo-second order kinetic model obeyed best for the experimental data with a highest correlation coefficient (R2, 0.99) at all studied temperature. In thermodynamic studies, the positive value of enthalpy change (∆ H 0 ) and entropy change (∆ S 0 ) confirmed the process to be endothermic and spontaneous in nature. Desorption studies shows that 83 % of the adsorbed CV can be desorbed in first cycle and can be regenerated up to 4th cycle effectively with 0.1 M HCl. Therefore, (Alg@AgNPs) bionanocomposite could be harnessed as a potential adsorbent for the removal of hazardous CV dye from the waste water. • Alginate@silver nanoparticles (Alg@AgNPs) bionanocomposite has been fabricated successfully. • The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity was found to be 186.93 mg g−1 at 30 °C. • Langmuir model was found to be best-fitted model. • Desorption data showed that above 83 % of CV by using 0.1 M HCl could be desorbed in a first cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to abrupt increase in secondary pollution because of the non-biodegradable nature of adsorbents, it has become imperative to develop new green and sustainable adsorbents which further do not contribute any pollution. In order to fill this void here we have developed a novel green L -methionine functionalized kaolinite@cellulose (Meth-Kal@Cellulose) bionanocomposite for sequestration the dye Amido Black 10B from the aqueous solution. The maximum adsorption capacity (38.78 mgg−1) was observed at pH 2, dose 0.01 g and equilibrium was attained in 180 min. The adsorption capacity increased from 38.78 to 160.80 mgg−1 as the concentration increased from 20 to 100 mgL−1. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity (172.14 mgg−1) was recorded at 30 °C. The experimental data was further validated with various kinetic models and pseudo second order (PSO) determine the best fit kinetic model with highest coefficient of (R2, 0.99). The positive change in enthalpy confirmed the endothermic nature of the adsorption process. The (Meth-Kal@Cellulose) bionanocomposite can be successfully recycled up to 4th cycle with a capacity of 56% in last cycle. To study the surface morphology and possible mechanism between the adsorbent and adsorbate, the (Meth-Kal@Cellulose) bionanocomposite was characterized by different analytical techniques like SEM, FTIR, TEM and XRD. [Display omitted] • A novel green Meth-Kal@Cellulose bionanocomposite was synthesized. • The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity (172.14 mg g−1) was recorded at 30 °C. • The positive ∆H° confirmed the adsorption process to be endothermic in nature. • The bionanocomposite can be successfully recycled upto 4th cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we report the synthesis of a novel bio-nanocomposite (Alg-Cst/Kal) for the effective removal of the dye "Crystal Violet" from its aqueous solutions. In order to observe the surface morphology and functional groups, the bio-nanocomposite was characterized using various techniques such as SEM, EDX, TEM, FTIR, XRD, and TGA. The effect of parameters like contact time, pH, concentration and temperature on the adsorption of the dye over adsorbent has been studied in detail. The dye – adsorbent system has been tested over various isotherm models and found to follow the Freundlich adsorption isotherm model at 303 K. The developed bio-nanocomposite material exhibits an excellent adsorption toward Crystal Violet with a maximum adsorption capacity of 169.49 mg.g−1. The experimental data has been further validated by applying various kinetic models and the pseudo-second order kinetic model was the best suited model. The calculated rate constant values ranged from 0.0046 to 0.0204 g.mg−1.min−1 for different dye concentrations. The positive values of change in enthalpy, ΔH° (9.765 kJ.mol−1) and change in entropy, ΔS° (0.0565 kJ.mol−1.K−1) obtained through thermodynamic studies demonstrate the endothermic nature and spontaneity of the adsorption process, respectively. The adsorption capacity of the adsorbent for the removal of the Crystal Violet dye was also compared with other adsorbents and found maximum. Novelty statement A novel bio-nanocomposite is synthesized by modifying the biopolymer alginate, cysteine and mixing the clay, kaolinite (Kal). The adsorption abilities of the material was tested the on the cationic hazardous dye, Crystal Violet. The material is novel and no attempt has so far been made to examine its batch adsorption abilities to remove hazardous dyes from the wastewater. The results are highly encouraging as out of all the adsorbents tested so far highest adsorption of the dye is observed in the present studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new inclusion problem is introduced using generalized Cayley operator and we call it Cayley inclusion problem. We also study its corresponding resolvent equation problem. By using a generalized resolvent operator and generalized Yosida approximation operator, first we establish a fixed point formulation for Cayley inclusion problem. An algorithm is defined to find the solution of Cayley inclusion problem. An existence and convergence result is proved. Secondly, we have shown the equivalence of Cayley inclusion problem with a resolvent equation. We define an iterative algorithm with some of its equivalent forms for solving resolvent equation problem. A numerical example is constructed and a convergence graph is shown by using MATLAB program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A low-cost and green (Pect/AILP-Kal) nanocomposite was synthesized successfully. • Kinetic data was best described by pseudo-second order model for the adsorbent. • Isotherm data showed that the Langmuir model was best fitted with equilibrium data. • The values of ΔHo and ΔG° confirms endothermic and spontaneous nature. • Desorption of MB and CV dyes was performed successfully using 0.1 M HCl. Herein, a low-cost and green adsorbent (Pect/AILP-Kal) was successfully synthesized from pectin modified with hybrid mixture of Azadirachta indica leaves and kaolin clay and further analyzed as an efficient adsorbent for sequestration of MB and CV dyes. Effect of the operational parameters, for instance concentration, temperature, dose, pH and contact time on adsorption characteristics were studied in detail. The optimum pH for sequestration of MB and CV was obtained at pH 7.5 with time of 180 min. Adsorption kinetics for MB and CV dyes was best followed with pseudo-second order. The equilibrium data showed that the Langmuir was best obeyed with an isotherm model. The endothermic and spontaneous nature was indicated by the positive ΔH° values and negative values of ΔG° calculated from the thermodynamic parameters. Breakthrough and exhaustive capacities were identified as being 16 and 76 (mg g−1) for MB while 20 and 72 (mg g−1) for CV dyes respectively. Desorption results showed that synthesized (Pect/AILP-Kal) nanocomposite can be reused upto fifth cycle successfully. In order to remove these hazardous dyes from aqueous solution, (Pect/AILP-Kal) nanocomposite can be utilized very effectively and economically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The hybrid clay with chitosan modified nanocomposite was synthesized. • The optimum pH for removal of CR and MB dyes were found to be 6 and 7 respectively. • Nanocomposite showed high q m of 104.63 and 99.01 mgg−1 for CR and MB dyes. • Langmuir and pseudo-second order model were best fitted for adsorption process. • Above 85 % of CR and 88 % of MB dyes could be desorbed in a first cycle. The present paper reports the synthesis of an eco-friendly and low-cost chitosan modified hybrid Azadirachta indica leaves powder-Kaolinite clay (Chit/AILP-Kao) nanocomposite and further explored as a potential adsorbent to remove hazardous congo red (CR) and methylene blue (MB) dyes from aqueous solution. The optimum pH for the sequestration of CR and MB dye were found to be 6 and 7 respectively. Among the evaluated isotherms, equilibrium data was found to be the best fitted by Langmuir model on the basis of higher value of coefficient R2 (0.998). The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity (q m) for CR and MB dyes were found to be 104.6, 99.01 mgg−1 respectively at optimum pH and temperature 30 °C. To determine the adsorption process kinetic model was best obeyed by pseudo second order on the basis of higher value of coefficient R2 (0.998). In the thermodynamic parameters, negative values of ΔG° and positive values ΔHo confirms the spontaneous and endothermic nature of adsorption process. The values of maximum specific surface area for CR dye was found to be 210.7 m2 g-1 while for MB dye it was 223.7 m2 g-1. The regeneration study confirmed that the present nanocomposite can be regenerated upto fifth cycle successfully. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis of poly(aniline-co-pyrrole)-Sn(IV)tungstoarsenate((PA-co-Ppy)-STA) nanocomposite cation exchange membrane was prepared through solution casting method in order to ensure the homogeneity of the obtained membrane. The synthesis of the membrane was confirmed by characterization of the nanocomposite membrane by various instrumentation techniques like Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray analysis (EDX), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) techniques. The selective detection of Ni(II), having detection limit 1 × 10−9–1 × 10−1 M, the range of pH 5–8 and response time 35 s. The analytical efficacy of this electrode was built up by utilizing it as an indicator in the potentiometric titration. Various experimental parameter studies proved the absorption of Ni(II) on nanocomposite. The method used is a classical method for fabrication of an ion selective electrode and hence is easier and cost effective, other than being most precise for the detection of Ni(II) ions. Along these lines, this novel effort may be a reliable and effective to detect Ni(II) in environmental and biomedical sector in a broad scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyses the concept of statehood among the Muslim thinkers in the pre and post-nation-state system. Among the pre-nation state system, the study analyses the writings of Al-Mawardi, Al-Farabi, Ibn-Rushd, and Ibn-e-Khuldun. To discuss the post-nation state system debate on the establishment of statehood, the analysis will focus on Syed Qutub, Syed Abul-Aala Moududi, and Syed Ali Shariati. The method used in this study is focused on the documentary analysis of secondary resources to discover the trends of conceptualising statehood among Muslim thinkers. The paper forms two parts. Part one will focus on the pre-nation state system idealisation of statehood and part two will examine the modern understanding of statehood in the post-nation state system era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crystal violet (CV) a cationic dye is more harmful than anionic dye. CV is employed in many industries, including leather, paper, pharmaceutical, textile, and cosmetics. It causes several harmful effects like eye and skin irritation; in extreme situations, it causes renal and kidney or respiratory failure. Because it is non-biodegradable, this dye sticks to the aquatic environment for a very long period. Therefore, it is important to remove this dye from wastewater to prevent its contamination to normal water bodies. This study evaluated the performance of Chitosan-modified l -cysteine/Bentonite (CS-Cys/Bent) bionanocomposite for the adsorption of CV dye. To investigate the surface morphology and potential interaction between the (CS-Cys/Bent) bionanocomposite and CV dye, the (CS-Cys/Bent) were characterized by TEM, SEM-EDX, FTIR and XRD techniques. At pH-8, with 0.01 g of adsorbent dosage, and an optimal duration of 180 min, the maximum adsorption capacity (85.13 mg/g) was observed. The maximum adsorption capacity was 219, 237, and 240 mg/g at 303, 313 and 323 K. The experimental data were subsequently examined using a variety of isotherm models; with the highest R2 values (0.990, 0.983 and 0.984 at 303, 313 and 323 K, respectively), the Freundlich model was the best fitted model. Among the kinetics models, pseudo-second order (PSO) was the best-described kinetic model with the highest coefficient (R2, 0.999). The positive values of ΔS° (0.037 kJ/mol.K) and ΔH° (7.148 kJ/mol) demonstrated the process to be spontaneous and endothermic. The (CS-Cys/Bent) can be successfully recycled up to the fourth cycle. [Display omitted] • A novel and potential (CS-Cys/Bent) bionanocomposite has been synthesized. • The prepared CS-Cys/Bent show excellent adsorption properties for crystal violet dye. • The maximum adsorption capacity (q max) was found to be 240 mg/g. • Freundlich isotherm and Pseudo second-order kinetic were found to be best fitted. • The (CS-Cys/Bent) can be recycled successfully up to the 4th cycle successfully. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Recently, a growing interest has been devoted to the role of buying firms in promoting sustainability across supply chains. However, relatively little attention has been given to how the behaviour of a buying firm affects the performance of reverse supply chains. Within this context, this paper investigates the role of Supply Chain Leadership styles on suppliers' performance dimensions related to reverse product flows. Furthermore, the mediating role of two governance mechanisms (namely trust and legal-legitimate power) on this relationship is examined. This study employs structural equation modelling to analyse data collected from 190 manufacturing companies in Malaysia. The paper concludes that transformational and transactional leaderships are significant and positive contributors to suppliers' reverse supply chain performance; trust and power significantly mediate these relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we first study a composite relaxed resolvent operator and prove some of its properties. After that, we introduce a Yosida approximation operator based on the composite relaxed resolvent operator and demonstrate some properties of the Yosida approximation operator. Finally, we obtain the solution of a system of Yosida inclusions by applying these concepts. We construct a conjoin example in support of many concepts derived in this paper. Our concepts and results are new in the literature and can be used for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel Chitosan-Iron oxide (CS-Fe 2 O 3 ) nanocomposite was synthesized by a facile one pot green route. The surface morphology of nanocomposite was characterized by various instrumental techniques such as SEM/EDX, TEM, AFM, XRD, FTIR, TGA and BET analysis. The nanocomposite was further explored for the sequestration of toxic metals Pb (II), Cd (II) in single system and Pb (II) in binary system from aqueous solution. The influence of various sorption parameters such as initial concentration, contact time, pH and temperature were evaluated to get the optimum conditions. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm were applied to fit the experimental data. Pseudo-first, Pseudo-second order and intra-particle diffusion models were applied for the kinetic study. The Langmuir isotherm and Pseudo-second order kinetic model were best fitted with experimental results. The sorption process was found to be endothermic, spontaneous with increased randomness as confirmed by thermodynamic studies. The nanocomposite showed excellent recyclable efficiency upto five cycles. The nanocomposite has also been proved to be an excellent potential sorbent for the removal of potentially toxic elements from industrial and medical wastewater. Therefore, the present nanocomposite is considered as an efficient and ecofriendly sorbent for the removal of potentially toxic elements from wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study a generalized variational inclusion problem involving difference of monotone operators in Hilbert spaces. We established equivalence between the generalized variational inclusion problem and a fixed point problem. We establish an Ishikawa type iterative algorithm for solving a generalized variational inclusion problem involving difference of monotone operators, which is more general than Mann-type iterative algorithm. An existence result as well as a convergence result are proved separately. The problem of this paper is more general than many existing problems in the literature. Several special cases of generalized variational inclusion problem involving difference of monotone operators are also mentioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, the performance of Guar gum/bentonite bionanocomposite was evaluated for the sequestration of Pb (II) and crystal violet (CV) dye from aqueous solution. The bionanocomposite was characterized by SEM, EDX, FT-IR, XRD, TGA, BET and TEM techniques. The bionanocomposite showed porous, crystalline nature with particle size ranging between 3 and 11 nm and increased thermal stability. The point of zero charge was found to be 2.2. The maximum adsorption was observed at pH 5.1, 7.6 and contact time 240 min, 300 min for Pb (II) and CV, respectively. The kinetic study revealed that the adsorption process of Pb (II) and CV onto the bionanocomposite followed the pseudo-second order model, confirming chemisorption as a rate determining step. The adsorption isotherm was in good agreement with the Freundlich for Pb (II) and Langmuir for CV isotherm model, respectively. Thermodynamic studies showed that the process was physiosorption, spontaneous and endothermic with increased in randomness. The desorption study of Pb (II) and CV exhibited the excellent regenerative efficacy (upto fifth cycle) of bionanocomposite using 0.1 M HCl. The bionanocomposite has also been successfully applied for the removal of heavy metals from electroplating, battery manufacturing and medical wastewater before and after spiking CV dye solution to it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we introduced and study an operator mixed vector equilibrium problem which is a combination of an operator vector variational inequality and an operator vector equilibrium problem. We prove an existence result for our problem using KKM-theorem and vector 0-diagonally quasi convexity and another existence result without using KKM-theorem. An example is constructed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a novel nanocomposite (inulin-folic acid/bentonite) was successfully synthesized and was explored for the removal of Cu(II). It was characterized by SEM (Scanning electron microscopy), EDX (Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy), XRD (X-ray diffractometer), FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), TGA (Thermogravimetric analysis) and TEM (Transmission electron microscopy) analysis. The surface area (Sear's method) of bentonite and nanocomposite were found to be 23 and 103 mg 2 g − 1 , respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity was observed at pH 5.2, contact time 120 min, concentration 100 mg L − 1 , temperature 328 K and dose 0.01 g, respectively. The Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second order kinetic model were found to be the best obeyed models. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity was found to be 208.263 mg g − 1 at 328 K. The thermodynamic studies showed the adsorption was endothermic and spontaneous in nature. The breakthrough and exhaustive capacities were found to be 300 and 1250 mg g − 1 , respectively. The maximum desorption (82.36%) with excellent regeneration capability (up to fifth cycle) was investigated by using 0.1 M oxalic acid through column process. The nanocomposite was further utilized in sequestering Cu(II) from electroplating and battery manufacturing wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigation explores with the environmental degradation of Pb(II) and Cu(II) in single and binary system by novel ecofriendly synthesized Alginate-Au nanoparticles-Mica bionanocomposite. The bionanocomposite was characterized by SEM/EDX, TEM, FTIR, XRD and TGA techniques. Adsorption experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of pH, contact time, concentration, temperature on the removal process. The experimental data was best fitted by Freundlich isotherm model for Pb(II) in single and binary system whereas for Cu(II) by Langmuir isotherm model. The kinetic data was found to be best fitted by pseudo second order kinetic model in single and binary system. Adsorption process is endothermic and spontaneous as inferred from thermodynamic studies. The oxalic acid was found to be the best eluent for the desorption of metals. The breakthrough and exhaustive capacities were found to be 300 and 2000mg g-1 respectively. The nanocomposite can be applied successfully for sequestering heavy metals from industrial wastewaters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we introduce a Yosida inclusion problem as well as a generalized Yosida approximation operator. Using the graph convergence of $$H(\cdot ,\cdot )$$ -accretive operator and resolvent operator convergence discussed in Li and Huang (Appl Math Comput 217:9053-9061, 7), we establish the convergence for generalized Yosida approximation operator. As an application, we solve a Yosida inclusion problem in q-uniformly smooth Banach spaces. An example is constructed, and through MATLAB programming, we show some graphics for the convergence of generalized Yosida approximation operator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Xanthan gum (XG) grafted polyaniline@zinc oxide nanocomposite (XGP@ZnO) was synthesized by an oxidative free-radical graft copolymerization reaction. The synthesized nanocomposite was approved by different analytical processes such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The material was further employed for efficient remediation of aqueous solutions contaminated by Cr(VI) and 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP) under batch operations. Solution pH values of 2.0 and 4.0 were found to be optimum pH for the adsorption of Cr(VI) and 2,4,-DNP, respectively. On the basis of higher R ² value and lower χ² value, equilibrium data was found to be best fitted by the Langmuir model followed by the Redlich-Peterson model using nonlinear regression analysis. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity was found to be 346.18 mg g-1 for Cr(VI) and 123.15 mg g-1 for 2,4-DNP. With a higher R ² and low χ² value, pseudo-second-order model was established as the best model to describe the equilibrium data suggesting the chemical adsorption to be the rate-determining step. The value of ΔH° (+13.06 kJ mol-1) for Cr(VI) and (+10.28 kJ mol-1) for 2,4-DNP and negative value of ΔG° (-1.56 to -3.00 kJ mol-1) for Cr(VI) and (-1.75 to -2.94 kJ mol-1) for 2,4-DNP in the temperature range of 30-60 °C indicated the overall adsorption process to be endothermic and spontaneous in nature. The mechanism involved in the removal of Cr(VI) and 2,4-DNP was electrostatic adsorption coupled reduction which is also evident from EDX analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we introduce and study a random variational-like inclusion and its corresponding random proximal operator equation for random fuzzy mappings. It is established that the random variational-like inclusion problem for random fuzzy mappings is equivalent to a random fixed point problem. We also establish a relationship between random variational-like inclusion and random proximal operator equation for random fuzzy mappings. This equivalence is used to define an iterative algorithm for solving random proximal operator equation for random fuzzy mappings. Through an example, we show that the random Wardrop equilibrium problem is a special case of the random variational-like inclusion problem for random fuzzy mappings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we introduce and study an extended mixed equilibrium problem by using auxiliary principle technique. A generalized predictor-corrector iterative algorithm is defined for solving extended mixed equilibrium problem. The convergence of the method mentioned requires some condition (*), g-relatively relaxed Lipschitz continuity and relatively g-relaxed monotonicity of the mappings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polypyrrole-Sn(IV)arsenotungstate (Ppy-SnAT) nanocomposite cation exchanger membrane was prepared by solution casting method of Polypyrrole in the presence of Sn(II)arsenotungstate gel and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as a binder. The formation of Polypyrrole-Sn(IV)arsenotungstate nanocomposite cation exchanger membrane was characterized by Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). The membrane having a composition of 4.5:1 (composite:PVC) shows best results for water content, porosity, thickness and swelling. Our studies show that the present ion selective membrane electrode is selective for Ba(II) metal, having detection limit (1 × 10 − 8 M to 1 × 10 − 1 M), response time (35 s) and working pH range (3–5). The selectivity coefficient values for interfering ions indicate good selectivity for Ba(II) over interfering cations. The analytical utility of this electrode was established by employing it as an indicator electrode in potentiometric titration. The dielectrical constants (ε′, ε″), dielectric loss (tanδ) and AC conductivity (σ ac ) were studied as a function of frequency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, L-cystein modified bentonite-cellulose (cellu/cys-bent) nanocomposite was synthesized and characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM with EDS, TGA, and TEM techniques. In order to optimize the process the effect of various operational parameters such as pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and temperature were also investigated. The adsorption experiments were carried out in initial concentrations range of 20-100 mg L−1and the adsorbent affinity for metal ions was found to be in order of Cu2+> Pb2+> Cd2+. The optimum pH for adsorption of Cu2+and Cd2+was observed at 5 while for Pb2+it was pH 6. Based on the Langmuir model, the maximum adsorption capacity of Cu2+, Pb2+, and Cd2+at 50ᴼC was found to be 32.36, 18.52, and 16.12 mg g−1, respectively. The Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second order model were found to be better fitted than the other isotherms and kinetic models. The results of thermodynamic parameters confirmed the process to be endothermic and spontaneous in nature. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this paper, we introduce and study a generalized vector complementarity problem with fuzzy mappings. Under suitable conditions, we have shown that generalized vector complementarity problem with fuzzy mappings is equivalent to generalized vector variational inequality problem with fuzzy mappings. We derive some existence results for our problem. Results of this paper represent a significant improvement and refinement of the previously known results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we introduce a new resolvent operator and we call it relaxedη-proximal operator. We demonstrate some of the properties of relaxedη-proximal operator. By applying this concept, we consider and study a variational-like inclusion problem with a nonconvex functional. Based on relaxedη-proximal operator, we define an iterative algorithm to approximate the solutions of a variational-like inclusion problem and the convergence of the iterative sequences generated by the algorithm is also discussed. Our results can be treated as refinement of many previously known results. An example is constructed in support of Theorem 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study a Yosida variational inclusion problem with its corresponding Yosida resolvent equation problem. We mention some schemes to solve both the problems, but we focus our study on discussing convergence criteria for the Yosida variational inclusion problem in real Banach space and for the Yosida resolvent equation problem in q-uniformly smooth Banach space. For faster convergence, we apply an inertial extrapolation scheme for both the problems. An example is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider a strong mixed vector equilibrium problem in topological vector spaces. Using generalized Fan-Browder fixed point theorem (Takahashi 1976) and generalized pseudomonotonicity for multivalued mappings, we provide some existence results for strong mixed vector equilibrium problem without using KKM-Fan theorem. The results in this paper generalize, improve, extend, and unify some existence results in the literature. Some special cases are discussed and an example is constructed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The discrepancy between the X-ray and NMR structures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase in relation to the functionally important plasticity of the molecule led to molecular dynamics simulations. The X-ray and the NMR studies along with the simulations indicated an inverse correlation between crowding and molecular volume. A detailed comparison of proteins for which X-ray and the NMR structures appears to confirm this correlation. In consonance with the reported results of the investigations in cellular compartments and aqueous solution, the comparison indicates that the crowding results in compaction of the molecule as well as change in its shape, which could specifically involve regions of the molecule important in function. Crowding could thus influence the action of proteins through modulation of the functionally important plasticity of the molecule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study explores the adsorption potential of Mentha piperita (an agricultural solid waste) to remove Cu2+ from aqueous solution. Different operational parameters such as the effect of pH, surfactant, equilibrium time, temperature, and initial metal ion concentrations were studied. Maximum adsorption of Cu2+ took place at pH range 5.0. Nearly 180 minutes are required to gain sorption equilibrium. The maximum adsorption capacity of mentha was 72.0 mg g−1 for Cu2+. FTIR analysis pointed out the involvement of amine (–NH2) and carboxylic (–COOH) groups in the adsorption process. Simple Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were used to explain the sorption phenomenon. The adsorption dependence of Cu2+ on temperature was investigated and the thermodynamic parameters ΔS0, ΔH0, and ΔG0 were calculated. The activation energy of the Cu2+ adsorption was calculated using the Arrhenius equation. The desorption of the adsorbent was found to be more than 90% by 0.1 M NaCl. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, polyaniline-titanium dioxide (PAni-TiO2) nanocomposite has been prepared and was utilized as an effective catalyst for photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) dyes from aqueous solution. Adsorption characteristic on the PAni-TiO2 surface and the aqueous solubility of the dyes also play an important role in the photodegradation of dye. Adsorption and photodegradation process occurs simultaneously on the surface of the catalyst at first adsorption occurs (21.5%) on the outer surface of the catalyst and then photodegrade the material up to (66.5%). In reaction mechanism OH· makes the vital role to the degradation of methylene blue and its intermediates. To know the surface and stability of the photocatalyst, it was characterized by FTIR, TEM, TGA–DTA, XRD, UV-vis spectrophotometer, and SEM analysis. Kinetic data indicate that up to 20 minutes photodegradation rates usually follows the pseudo-first-order reaction. After 20 minutes, it follows the Langmuir-Hinshelwood (LH) kinetics. Photo reactivity of PAni-TiO2 was studied with pH of solution, dosage of photocatalyst and concentration of dye. The reaction rate constant (r) and equilibrium binding constant (K) values were incredibly significant than other catalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In the present study, cellulose carbon encapsulated zinc oxide (CCZnO) was synthesized by the charring of cellulose acetate onto ZnO particles. CCZnO was characterized by SEM, FTIR, XRD, TGA, and DTA. The adsorption feature of CCZnO was studied for the removal of toxic amaranth dye and 99% adsorption of amaranth was observed under the sonication condition. Maximum desorption (98.5%) was observed with the 0.1 M NaOH at 50°C. FTIR spectra revealed that N=N, O-H and S-O were the main groups which participate in the dye binding on the CCZnO surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this study, the biosorption characteristics of crystal violet (CV) from the aqueous solution onto treated ginger waste (TGW) were examined. The parameters studied were the effect of initial dye concentration, contact time, solution pH and temperature. The kinetic data obtained at different concentrations were analyzed using pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and intra-particle diffusion models. The experimental data were fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The maximum monolayer biosorption capacity was found to be 64.93, 227.27 and 277.7mg/g at 30, 40 and 50°C, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters were evaluated and the positive value of ∆H0 indicated endothermic nature of biosorption. The maximum breakthrough capacity was found to be 72.6mg for 0.3g TGW. Attempts were also made to regenerate the TGW using acetic acid as eluent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study variational-like inclusions involving infinite family of set-valued mappings and their equivalence with resolvent equations. It is established that variational-like inclusions in real Banach spaces are equivalent to fixed point problems. This equivalence is used to suggest an iterative algorithm for solving resolvent equations. Some examples are constructed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new H(·, ·)-cocoercive operator, which generalizes many existing monotone operators. The resolvent operator associated with H(·,·)-cocoercive operator is defined, and its Lipschitz continuity is presented. By using techniques of resolvent operator, a new iterative algorithm for solving generalized variational inclusions is constructed. Under some suitable conditions, we prove the convergence of iterative sequences generated by the algorithm. For illustration, some examples are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This study investigates the potential use of bael shell carbon (BSC) as an adsorbent for the removal of congo red (CR) dye from aqueous solution. The effect of various operational parameters such as contact time, temperature, pH, and dye concentration were studied. The adsorption kinetics was modeled by first-order reversible kinetics, pseudo-first-order kinetics, and pseudo-second-order kinetics. The dye uptake process obeyed the pseudo-second-order kinetic expression at pH 5.7, 7 and 8 whereas the pseudo-first-order kinetic model was fitted well at pH 9. Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin adsorption models were applied to fit adsorption equilibrium data. The best-fitted data was obtained with the Freundlich model. Thermodynamic study showed that adsorption of CR onto BSC was endothermic in nature and favorable with the positive ΔH° value of 13.613kJ/mol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this study, a combined anaerobic–aerobic treatment process based on mixed culture of bacteria was used to degrade azo dyes (AY-36). The experiment was integrated by exposing anaerobic granular sludge and aerobic aromatic amine degrading bacterial enrichment cultures. Under anaerobic conditions UASFB bioreactor using sodium acetate as a co-substrate, the AY-36 was reduced and resulting in a temporary accumulation of aromatic amines by the bacterial biomass. Hydraulic residence time (HRT) was fixed (24 h) through out the experiment. The two aromatic amine p-amino diphenylamine (p-ADPA) and 4-aminobenzenesulfonic acid (4-ABS) were detected from the reduction of AY-36. Subsequently, 4-ABS was degraded in the aerobic reactor which was earlier accumulated for 30days. But p-ADPA was not degraded in aerobic condition. The combined anaerobic–aerobic bioreactor was able to completely remove the AY-36 at a maximum loading rate of 100mg AY-36L−1 d−1. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Adsorption of malachite green (MG) from aqueous solution onto treated ginger waste (TGW) was investigated by batch and column methods. The effect of various factors such as initial dye concentration, contact time, pH and temperature were studied. The maximum adsorption of MG was observed at pH 9. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were employed to describe the MG adsorption equilibrium. The monolayer adsorption capacities were found to be 84.03, 163.9 and 188.6 mg/g at 30, 40 and 50 °C, respectively. The values of thermodynamic parameters like ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° indicated that adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. The pseudo second order kinetic model fitted well in correlation to the experimental results. Reichenberg's equation was employed to determine the mechanism of adsorption. The results indicated that film diffusion was a major mode of adsorption. The breakthrough capacities were also investigated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Batch and column adsorption experiments were conducted to investigate the removal of dyes from wastewater by water nut modified carbon (WNMC). Acidic pH was favorable for adsorption for Congo red dyes and basic pH was favorable for the adsorption for Malachite green dyes. The surface property of the sorbent was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared techniques. The adsorption process was found to be endothermic and spontaneous. Different models of adsorption were used to describe the kinetics data and to calculate the corresponding rate constants of WNMC surfaces for dyes adsorption. A mechanism of dyes adsorption associating chemisorption processes is presented allowing the discussion of the variations in adsorption behavior of the material. These data suggested that WNMC are promising materials for dyes sorption. The data were in good agreement with bed depth service time model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The present study shows that the coniferous pinus bark powder (CPBP) can be used as a potential adsorbent for the removal of crystal violet (basic dye) from aqueous solutions. Experiments were carried out as a function of contact time, concentration, temperature, pH and dosage. The amount of dye uptake was found to vary with increasing initial solution pH and maximum adsorption was observed at pH 8. The equilibrium was attained in 2h. The amount of dye uptake (mg/g) was found to increase with increase in dye concentration and contact time. The % adsorption was found to decrease with increase in amount of adsorbent. The thermodynamic parameters were also calculated and the positive value of ΔH° indicates the endothermic nature of adsorption. The applicability of the three isotherm''s model for the present data follows the order: Langmuir>Temkin>Freundlich. The kinetics of crystal violet on to the adsorbent can be described well by pseudo-second order>Elovich>pseudo-first order equation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper, we introduce and study the random variational inclusions with random fuzzy and random relaxed cocoercive mappings. We define an iterative algorithm for finding the approximate solutions of this class of variational inclusions and establish the convergence of iterative sequences generated by proposed algorithm. Our results improve and generalize many known corresponding results. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper, we consider and study a system of generalized variational inclusions with -accretive operators in uniformly smooth Banach spaces. We prove the convergence of iterative algorithm for this system of generalized variational inclusions. A new definition of -resolvent operator as a retraction is introduced, and in support of the definition, we have constructed an example and a numerical example through Matlab programming. Some special cases are also discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The treated almond peels (TAP) have been employed as adsorbents for the removal of Brilliant green dye from waste water. The nature of possible adsorbent and dye interaction was examined by the FTIR and SEM technique. The adsorption of BG was found to be maximum (93%) at pH 8. The extent of removal of BG was found to be dependent on the adsorbent dose, the temperatures, and the times. The equilibrium data for adsorption was best represented by the Langmuir isotherm. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔH0 and ΔG0) suggest endothermic and spontaneous process. Kinetic studies show better applicability of second-order kinetic model. The practical utility of TAP was demonstrated by removing BG from pure solution and industrial effluent system by column process. It was found that the removal effficiency of TAP was better by pure solution. The breakthrough capacities of pure solution and industrial effluent systems on TAP are found to be 30 and 17 mg/g, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with the study of a variational-like inequality problem which involves the generalized Cayley operator. We compare our problem with a fixed point equation, and based on it we construct an iterative algorithm to obtain the solution of our problem. Convergence analysis as well as stability analysis are studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Translating ribosomes often stall during elongation. The stalled ribosomes are known to be recycled by tmRNA (SsrA)-mediated trans-translation. Another process that recycles the stalled ribosomes is characterized by peptidyl-tRNA release. However, the mechanism of peptidyl-tRNA release from the stalled ribosomes is not well understood. We used a defined system of an AGA-minigene containing a small open reading frame (ATG AGA AGA). Translation of the AGA-minigene mRNA is toxic to Escherichia coli because it stalls ribosomes during elongation and sequesters tRNAArg4 as a short-chain peptidyl-tRNAArg4 in the ribosomal P-site. We show that a ribosome recycling factor (RRF)-mediated process rescues the host from the AGA-minigene toxicity by releasing the peptidyl-tRNAArg4 from the ribosomes. The growth phenotypes of E. coli strains harboring mutant alleles of RRF and initiation factor 3 (IF3) genes and their consequences on λimmP22 phage replication upon AGA-minigene expression reveal that IF3 facilitates the RRF-mediated processing of the stalled ribosomes. Additionally, we have designed a uracil DNA glycosylase gene construct, ung-stopless, whose expression is toxic to E. coli. We show that the RRF-mediated process also alleviates the ung-stopless construct-mediated toxicity to the host by releasing the ung mRNA from the ribosomes harboring long-chain peptidyl-tRNAs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper, we study mixed variational-like inclusions and -proximal operator equations in Banach spaces. It is established that mixed variational-like inclusions in real Banach spaces are equivalent to fixed point problems. We also establish a relationship between mixed variational-like inclusions and -proximal operator equations. This equivalence is used to suggest an iterative algorithm for solving -proximal operator equations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper, we consider completely generalized nonlinear quasi-variational-like inclusions in Banach spaces and propose an Ishikawa type iterative algorithm for computing their approximate solutions by applying the new notion of -proximal mapping given in [R. Ahmad, A.H. Siddiqi, Z. Khan, Proximal point algorithm for generalized multi-valued nonlinear quasi-variational-like inclusions in Banach spaces, Appl. Math. Comput. 163 (2005) 295–308]. We prove that the approximate solutions obtained by the proposed algorithm converge to the exact solution of our quasi-variational-like inclusions. The results presented in this paper extend and improve the corresponding results of [R. Ahmad, A.H. Siddiqi, Z. Khan, Proximal point algorithm for generalized multi-valued nonlinear quasi-variational-like inclusions in Banach spaces, Appl. Math. Comput. 163 (2005) 295–308; X.P. Ding, F.Q. Xia, A new class of completely generalized quasi-variational inclusions in Banach spaces, J. Comput. Appl. Math. 147 (2002) 369–383; N.J. Huang, Generalized nonlinear variational inclusions with non-compact valued mappings, Appl. Math. Lett. 9(3) (1996) 25–29; A. Hassouni, A. Moudafi, A perturbed algorithm for variational inclusions, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 185(3) (1994) 706–712]. Some special cases are also discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this work, we consider a generalized nonlinear variational-like inequality problem in the setting of locally convex topological vector spaces and prove the existence of its solutions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]