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Butyl-paraben (BP) is one of the most widely used preservatives in numerous foodstuffs, skin care products, and a variety of drugs, and trypsin is the main digestive enzyme, the research on the binding between the two is essential for human health. In the present paper, the effect of BP on trypsin has been explored using experimental and computational techniques to evaluate BP toxicity at the protein level. The obtained results from molecular docking and kinetic assay revealed BP was embedded in the hydrophobic cavity-S1 binding pocket of the enzyme to inhibit its activity by a competitive model. Intrinsic fluorescence of trypsin after interaction with BP revealed the static mode of quenching. FRET indicated that the distance of the enzyme to BP is 1.89 nm with high energy efficiency. Thermodynamic results proved that BP spontaneously bound to trypsin in an enthalpy-driven manner, the van der Waals interactions and H-bonds serving as the predominant forces in binding processes. CD spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation revealed that the trypsin structure transformed from the β-Sheet structure to the unordered Coil structure upon interacting with BP. Resonance light scattering (RLS), synchronous fluorescence, and three-dimensional (3 D) spectroscopies further supported the alteration in the conformation of trypsin. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that trypsin was somewhat destabilized in the presence of BP. Accordingly, all of the experimental data were confirmed by MD simulation.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

Osteosarcoma, the most prevalent primary bone cancer, tends to relapse or metastasize quickly. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) affects tumor metabolism, differentiation, angiogenesis, proliferation, and metastasis. Many studies have investigated the possible inconsistent prognostic value of HIF-1 α. This study evaluated the correlation between HIF-1 α expression and prognosis in osteosarcoma patients.: A total of 978 patients from 12 studies were followed up. A meta-analysis was conducted on articles investigating HIF-1 α prognostic value in osteosarcoma patients. The authors excluded articles with overlapping data, duplicate data, reviews, case reports, and letters that did not provide original data. Calculation of the hazard ratios (HR) and pooled risk ratios (RR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals were used to determine the association degree (CIs).It was determined that HIF-1 α in osteosarcoma patients had a prognostic value based on the RRs and HRs. The results showed that high HIF-1 α expression was associated with a worse prognosis when compared to low or undetectable HIF-1 α expression.HIF-1 α overexpression was found to predict poor outcomes in osteosarcomas. The present study suggests that HIF-1α is a useful prognostic biomarker to predict OS in patients with osteosarcoma.

This study tried to achieve active targeting of Muc1 in cancer; the surface of PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD/Doxil®) was decorated with FA12 peptide.According to docking results, FA12 was selected for this study, among four different peptides. MD simulation was also conducted as an additional confirmation of the binding interaction between FA12 and Muc1. Liposomal formulations were prepared;Cell uptake and cytotoxicity results revealed that PLD-100 (targeted PLD with 100 FA12 per liposome) could significantly enhance cellular binding. Furthermore, PLD-100 demonstrated higher antitumor efficacy, indicating more remarkable survival compared to PLD and other targeted PLDs. PLD-100 exhibited higher doxorubicin tumor accumulation compared to PLD.FA12 peptide is a promising targeting ligand for PLD to treat cancers with a high level of Muc1 expression and merits further investigations.In this work, we used an antimicrobial peptide, FA12, to target Muc1 glycoprotein on the surface of colon cancer cells. The interaction between the peptide and Muc1 as a receptor was verified by molecular dynamics simulation. FA12 peptide was affixed to the surface of the liposomal form of doxorubicin (PLD) specifically to facilitate drug delivery transfer to the tumor site. The main benefits of this novel formulation were improvement of therapeutic efficacy and enhancement of survival time in mice bearing colon cancer.[Figure: see text].

The tendency to use bioactive peptides has increased in recent decades, and research would be essential for recognizing the therapeutic effects of peptides present in animals or food resource. In this study, the in vivo antioxidant and antihypertensive properties of peptides HL-7 with the sequence of YLYELR and HL-10 with the sequence of AFPYYGHHLG were identified from scorpion venom of H. lepturus were evaluated. To study the in vivo effects of peptides, D-galactose-induced and DOCA salt-induced mice models were used. The results of the antioxidant assay for both peptides showed that the activity of serum and liver catalase (CAT), as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes, was significantly decreased in the D-galactose-induced group (NC), while MDA levels were increased in serum and the liver tissue samples (p

Nowadays, cancer has become a pervasive disease in the world. Due to the side effects of chemotherapeutic agents, the use of peptides has been increasingly popular among scientists. The present study aimed to assess the cell toxicity and the change in the expression of Bcl-2, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and Bax genes in HepG2 cancer cell line treated with peptides HL-7 (YLYELAR) and HL-10 (AFPYYGHHLG) using MTT, western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses. The results showed that HL-7 and HL-10 peptides significantly (p

This study reports biochemical features of a novel esterase of Bacillus sp. HP 96 isolated from Bazangan Lake in Iran. The optimum pH and temperature for 53.4 kDa-purified esterase were 8 and 40 °C...

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB), as well as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), are mostly used as therapy for hypertension and cardiovascular disease. However, they can increase the risk of cancer progression including gastric cancer. Here we aimed to analyze the assessment between ARB and ACEI on the progression of gastric cancer. Cochrane Library, PubMed and EMBASE were searched for articles and abstracts describing ARBs, ACEIs, and incidence of gastric cancer. Risk ratio, hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI) were extracted from each outcome by using a random-effects model. Six studies met our inclusion criteria. These results demonstrated that there is a significant association between ARB with gastric cancer progression (risk ratio = 0.63; 95% CI, 0.5-0.7; P = 0.00; I 2 = 27.299; df (Q) = 2; Q-value = 2.75). However, there was not any link between ACEIs and gastric cancer development (risk ratio = 1.1; 95% CI, 0.92-1.31; P = 0.26; I 2 = 0.00; df (Q) = 3; Q-value = 1.26). All these findings indicated that using the ARBs has raised the progression of gastric cancer in these patients.

Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is an analytical method for microextraction of analytes, in which the analytes bind to the sorbent on the surface of the SPME fiber. Many types of chemical agents are used as sorbent; however, many of these sorbents cause secondary contamination or are not cost-effective. Here, aqueous extract of Ferula gummosa was evaluated as potential source of sorbent for simultaneous microextraction of morphine and codeine. For this purpose, multiwalled carbon nanotubes were carboxylated with H2SO4/HNO3 (3:1) and then functionalized with aqueous extract of F. gummosa. Functionalization was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy measurements as well as scanning electron microscopy analysis. Porous polypropylene hollow fibers were filled with the functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and used for analyte extraction in urine sample at 40°C and pH 6 for 2 min. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis showed that the fiber could preconcentrate 1 ng/mL of morphine and 0.75 ng/mL codeine in urine sample and was successfully used for 30 times with no significant loss in the extraction efficiency. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for morphine were 1 and 3.3 ng/mL, respectively. LOD and LOQ for codeine were determined 0.75 and 2.47 ng/mL, respectively. Recovery of the fiber was 80% and 93% for morphine and codeine, respectively. SPME fiber using extract of F. gummosa plant was used for the detection of a small amount of morphine in urine sample. Therefore, plants can be considered as abundant and cheap sources of sorbent for various analytical purposes.

In the study, the impact of protonectin (IL-12) on the bioavailability of human lung carcinoma cell line A549 as well as on HFLF healthy lung fibroblast cells was investigated for 24 h and 48 h. Results demonstrated highest cytotoxicity of protonectin on the A549 cell line at 12 µg/ml and 50 µg/ml, and after 48 h and 24 h cell incubation respectively. No cytotoxicity was observed during the incubation of normal HFLF lung cells with the IL-12 peptide. The peptide did not have any significant impact on the hemolysis of human and cattle red blood cells as well as on the viability of human lymphocytes. The effect of protonectin on gene expression of BMI-1 and CD44 as cancer markers was investigated by the real-time RT-PCR. Results indicated that the effect of the peptide on down-regulation of the BMI-1 gene expression was higher compared to CD44 at 12 µg/ml over 24 h and 48 h. A dose and time-dependent pattern was observed in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the treated A549 cells. From this study, it can be concluded that protonectin has a significant impact on cancer cells for the down-regulation of gene expression of cancer markers and for the up-regulation of the production of ROS.

Combinatorial application of different dye removal methods with specific features can lead to a novel and robust decolorizing system. In this study the bacterial spore laccase and TiO2 nanoparticles were co-entrapped to enhance dye degradation. The optimum entrapment conditions were achieved in the presence of alginate 2% (w/v) and Ca2+ (0.2M), Cu2+ (0.05M) and Zn2+ (0.25M) as matric polymer and counterions, respectively. Immobilized laccase showed a wide range of pH and temperature stability in comparison to the free spores. The entrapped degradation systems include single laccase, single TiO2, laccase + TiO2 (one-step remediation), TiO2/laccase (two-step remediation), and laccase/TiO2 (two-step remediation) that result to the 22%, 26% 45.6%, 47.6%, and 69.3% indigo carmine decolorization in 60 min. In the kinetic studies, the half-life of indigo carmine (25 mg/l) in the remediation processes containing laccase, TiO2, laccase + TiO2, TiO2/laccase, and laccase/TiO2 was calculated as 173, 138, 161, 115, and 57 min, respectively. The degradation products by co-entrapped system were not toxic against Sorghum vulgare. The results showed two-step decolorization by co-entrapped spore laccase and TiO2 nanoparticles, including the pretreatment of dye by laccase, and then, treatment by TiO2 has potential for degradation of indigo carmine.

This study is aimed at extracting and purifying bioactive peptides from white grub larvae (Polyphylla adspersa) hydrolysate and examining their antioxidant effects on lung cancer cells (A549). Bioactive peptides from white grub larvae hydrolysate (WGLH) were produced using papain, pancreatin, proteinase-K and trypsin. The results showed that papain hydrolysate had the most 1, 1-diphenyl-2-pycryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging. This hydrolysate was fractionated by reverse-phase liquid chromatography (HPLC) and two most antioxidant fractions were identified by tandem mass spectrometry that had the sequence of YPQSLRWRAK (1304.6 Da, hereby called YK-10) and LPLFFYDVRP (1266.6 Da, hereby called LP-10). Cytotoxicity effect of YK-10 and LP-10 peptides on A549 cells, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human red blood cells were examined. The two peptides induced the specific activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and total level of thiol in A549 cells. Reactive oxygen species in treated A549 cells were significantly lower than that of controls. In conclusion, our results suggest that YK-10 and LP-10 peptides from WGLH have antioxidant activities and can protect A549 cells against free radicals’ damages.

A new keratinase producer, Bacillus sp. BK111, isolated from a poultry feather was identified as Bacillus zhangzhouensis, which is the first report for its keratinolytic activity. The keratinase production was optimized, followed by the enzyme purification and characterization using biochemical assays. A 2.34-fold increase was observed in the enzyme production under optimized conditions. The enzyme was characterized as a serine protease with 42 kDa molecular weight, stable in a wide range of temperature and pH with maximum keratinolytic activity at 60 °C and pH 9.5. The enzyme had a wide range of different substrates with the best performance on the feather meal substrate. Metal ions of Ca2+, K+, Na+ and Mn2+ enhanced the enzyme activity. The enzyme showed a great deal of stability in the presence of ethanol, methanol, acetone, 2-propanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, Tween-80 and Triton X-100. Dithiothreitol (DTT), as a reducing agent, caused a twofold increase in keratinolytic activity. The half-life of the enzyme at optimum temperature was calculated to be 125 min and the ratio of keratinolytic:caseinolytic for the enzyme was 0.8. Our results showed the remarkable features of the enzyme that make it suitable for biotechnological usages.

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common lethal malignancies worldwide. The molecular mechanisms underlying GC early detection are poorly understood. Identifying potential coding and non-coding markers and related pathways in the GC progression is essential. Some Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) reportedly play vital roles during gastric GC development. However, the clinical significance and biological function of LINC00332 in GC remain largely unclear.The gene expression patterns of GC from an RNAseq dataset (GSE122401) were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to recognize differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and lncRNAs (DELs) between normal and GC samples through several bioinformatic analysis. The expression of LINC00332 and MMP-13 as a target gene was quantified in fresh frozen tissues obtained from GC patients. In addition, we investigated the potential function of LINC00332 in silico and in vitro.The expressions of LINC00332 and MMP-13 were significantly downregulated and upregulated in GC tissues, respectively. A significant inverse correlation between LINC00332 and MMP-13 mRNA expression was observed in tumor samples. The mRNA expression level of mesenchymal markers, stem cell factors, and MMP genes were significantly decreased after the LINC00332 ectopic expression, while epithelial markers expression was significantly increased. The LINC00332 overexpression markedly repressed proliferation, migration, and invasion and did not induce apoptosis in AGS cells. In addition, LINC00332 overexpression notably promoted the E-cadherin protein expression. Moreover, LINC00332 significantly decreased the cisplatin resistance.Our findings indicated that LINC00332 may be a critical anti-EMT factor and provided a new efficient therapeutic strategy for GC treatment.

Microalgae are microscopic algae in sizes ranging from a few micrometers to several hundred micrometers. On average, half of the oxygen in the atmosphere is produced by the photosynthetic process of microalgae, so the role of these microorganisms in the life cycle of the planet is very significant. Pharmaceutical products derived from microalgae and commercial developments of a variety of supplements extracted from them originate from a variety of their specific secondary metabolites. Many of these microalgae are a reservoir of unique biological compounds including carotenoids, antioxidants, fatty acids, polysaccharides, enzymes, polymers, peptides, pigments, toxins and sterols with antimicrobial, antiviral, antifungal, antiparasitic, anticoagulant, and anticancer properties. The present work begins with an introduction of the importance of microalgae in renewable fuels and biodiesel production, the development of healthy food industry, and the creation of optimal conditions for efficient biomass yield. This paper provides the latest research related to microalgae-derived substances in the field of improving drug delivery, immunomodulatory, and anticancer attributes. Also, the latest advances in algal biocompounds to combat the COVID-19 pandemic are presented. In the subject of cultivation and growth of microalgae, the characteristics of different types of photobioreactors, especially their latest forms, are fully discussed along with their advantages and obstacles. Finally, the potential of microalgae biomass in biotechnological applications, biofuel production, as well as various biomass harvesting methods are described.

The current study produced Quercetin nanoemulsions (QuNEs) for the purpose of improving Quercetin solubility in an aqueous polar condition and to analyze QuNE-protein formation (QuNE-human serum albumin (HSA) and QuNE-holo-transferrin (HTF)).QuNE was produced by utilizing an ultrasound-based emulsification method and was characterized by DLS, TEM, and SEM. Its interaction with HSA and HTF proteins was studied by analyzing the results of FRET and RLS spectroscopy, Stern-Volmer plotting, the Van't Hoff equation, CD spectroscopy, and molecular docking methods. Finally, QuNE's cytotoxic impact, cell death type induction, and antioxidant properties were evaluated by applying an MTT assay on a human hepatocyte cancer cell (HepG2), measuring Cas-3 gene expression, and conducting a DPPH antioxidant test, respectively. Compared to the non-entrapped Quercetin, Quercetin-entrapped nano-emulsions formed stable complexes with HSA and HTF by improving hydrophilic-hydrophobic interactions. The binding constant (BC), ΔH

Epithelial cancers acquire the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), which leads tumor cells to invade and metastasize to adjacent and distant tissues. The mechanisms involved in EMT phenotype are controlled by numerous markers as well as signalling pathways. Recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were introduced that play the regulatory role in EMT via crosstalk with EMT-related transcription factors and signalling pathways. The present study aimed to investigate the expression of four lncRNAs in human GC and elucidate their probable role in EMT procedure and the pathogenesis of gastric cancer (GC).The expression profile of lncRNAs (LINC01389, LINC00365, RP11-138J23.1, and RP11-354K4.2) and mRNAs (TWIST1, MMP13, MAML1, CD44s, and SALL4) between eighty-three GC and adjacent non-cancerous tissues were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR.The significant downregulation of LINC00365 (66.3%) and RP11-354K4.2 (62.7%) were observed in GC samples; while the upregulation of LINC01389, RP11-138J23.1, TWIST1, MMP13, MAML1, CD44s, and SALL4 were found in 67.5%, 45.8%, 56.6%, 44.6%, 59%, 55.4%, and 62.7% tumors samples at the mRNA level, respectively. Dysregulation of these lncRNAs and EMT-related markers was significantly related to each other in a variety of clinicopathological features of patients (P 0.05), indicating positive correlations between LINC01389, LINC00365, RP11-138J23.1, and RP11-354K4.2 with EMT status in GC.These EMT-regulating lncRNAs may play a key role in transforming gastric epithelial to mesenchymal phenotype and can be novel therapeutic targets for GC. Our results highlight the importance of discovering new lncRNAs involved in gastric carcinogenesis. Detailed molecular mechanisms of these noncoding-coding markers in GC are urgently required.

For the first time, we synthesized the co-delivery nanopolymers using zein protein as the core and chitosan polysaccharide as the shell to deliver curcumin (Cur) and berberine (Ber) in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. It has been shown that Cur and Ber altogether have synergistic effects on multiple cancers. Herein, the curcumin-zein-berberine-chitosan (Cur-Z-Ber-Ch) nanoparticles were fabricated and their organization procedure was reported. Physicochemical properties of synthesized nanoparticles were determined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, XRD and fluorescence spectroscopy analyses. The nanoparticles included relatively small particles (d = 168.24 nm) with +36.76 mV zeta potential. The resulting nanoparticles had high entrapment efficiency (about 75%) for Cur and 60% for Ber. The Cur-Z-Ber-Ch nanoparticles represented ideal redispersibility and storage stability after 4 months. Drug release of the freeze-dried nanoparticles had pH-sensitive characteristic. In vitro cytoxicity assay demonstrated that Cur-Z-Ber-Ch nanoparticles induced elevated cytotoxic effect in MDA-MB-231 and A549 cancer cells. In vitro studies in MDA-MB-231 cells demonstrated that the Cur-Z-Ber-Ch nanoparticles could successfully increase cellular uptake and apoptosis with significant inhibition of IL-8 pro-inflammatory cytokines in comparison to the free Cur + Ber bioactive molecules. These bio-nanoparticles are the co-delivery vehicle for Cur and Ber which could be beneficial for participating them into pharmaceutical products.

A novel beta-1,4-glucanase was purified and characterized from symbiotic Bacillus sp. CF96 of termite. The SDS-PAGE and zymogram analyses revealed a molecular mass of 35.6 kDa. Optimal activity was at 50 °C and pH 5.5, while the enzyme was active over a wide range of temperature 20–80 °C and pH 4–10 and interestingly more than 60% of the maximum activity remained up to pH 9. The enzyme activity increased in the presence of hexane, chloroform and methanol (20% v/v). while, the enzyme activity was inhibited by metal ions such as Mn2+, Hg2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Mg2+, Fe2+. The isolated enzyme was able to degrade carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), avicel and cellulose. Cellobiose was the hydrolytic product of enzymatic reaction based on thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis. Regarding beta-1,4 endo/exoglucanase activity and high temperature, pH and solvent stability, the enzyme has potential for various industrial applications especially in designing pesticide for termite.

The ability of extraction and preconcentration of small quantities of substances from biological samples is important in analytical sciences, particularly forensic medicine. In the present study, we evaluated the binding potential of amino acids to produce a new solid phase microextraction fiber based on carbon nanotube (CNTs) for extraction and preconcentration of small amount of morphine in urine sample. Raw CNTs were first carboxylated and then functionalized with 3 amino acids including glutamate, arginine, and cysteine. Functionalization was confirmed by FTIR analysis, Raman spectroscopy and SEM imaging. The functionalized CNTs were coated on polypropylene hollow fiber and used for preconcentration. The results of HPLC analysis in isocratic elution mode using acetonitrile-sodium acetate (10:90, v/v; pH 4; 0.01 M) as the mobile phase showed that amino acids are able to adsorb morphine and the prepared fiber could preconcentrate a very low concentration of morphine (0.25 ppb) in urine matrix. In addition, the fiber was successfully used for up to 30 times with no significant loss in the extraction efficiency. Lowest limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 0.07 and 0.25, respectively. Also, the lowest and best recovery of the fiber was 87.8% and 139% at LOQ, which belonged to glutamate and arginine, respectively. The fibers based on amino acids can be used for the detection of a small amount of morphine in biological samples, which are not detectable by conventional methods. Simple mechanism of these fibers in preconcentrating morphine makes them a novel candidate for detection of other opiates and drugs of abuses in crime scene investigations and postmortem examinations several days after exposure.

Keratinases are enzymes with the most diverse sources and applications. Different forms of keratinase have been applied in environment and variety of industries, highlighting the necessity for novel potential keratinases, which could be applicable in variety of industries. Accordingly, the present study aimed to identify and characterize a novel keratinase producing bacterium with high potential in variety of industries. In the present study, the native isolate of Bacillus sp. FUM125 was isolated, identified and optimized for the keratinolytic activity. The keratinase was purified and characterized using biochemical assays. The Bacillus sp. FUM125 isolate was identified as Bacillus mojavensis R-OH-1 with 99.8% similarity. The isolate showed the maximum keratinolytic activity at pH of 8.5 after 24-hour incubation at 37°C (2.1-fold enzyme production). According to the biochemical analysis, the keratinase belonged to a serine protease family, whit 33.5 kDa molecular weight and was stable in a wide range of pH and temperature with maximum keratinolytic activity at 60°C and pH 8. Among the metal ions, K+, Ca2+, Na2+ and Mg2+ increased the enzyme activity. The activity was increased by the reducing agents of DTT and beta-mercaptoethanol. Based on the substrate profile findings, the enzyme was active in various soluble and insoluble substrates. The enzyme showed a half-life of 98 min in the optimal temperature and the ratio of keratinolytic:caseinolytic to be 0.95. Our enzyme with higher temperature and pH stability compared to existing commercial enzymes can be considered as a potential candidate for use in various industries.

In this study, the effect of protonectin as an antimicrobial peptide in its encapsulated form into PEG-PCL Nano micelle on bioability of human cancer lung of A549 was investigated. By applying 12 µg/ml and 50 µg/ml of the peptide in its encapsulated form and post 24 h and 48 h cell treatment, highest cytotoxicity on A549 was noticed. Biodegradable and biocompatible micelles were made by connecting poly (ethylene glycol) and poly (Ɛ-caprolactone) (PEG-PCL). NMR and FT-IR techniques were applied to characterize PEG-PCL micelle, while the properties of encapsulated peptide into PEG-PCL were further researched by using HPLC, scanning electron microscope (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) as well as zeta potential. The impacts of PEG-PCL encapsulated protonectin with yield loading of 89.7% on the gene expression pattern of metastatic factors BMI-1 and CD44 were examined by the real-time RT PCR. Outcomes exhibited that BMI1 gene expression was down-regulated at a higher level compared to that of CD44 at the concentration of 12 µg/ml, and post 24 and 48 h. In conclusion, our finding supports a novel drug delivery system that can be applicable to enhance the solubility of insoluble drugs, has harmless effects on cancer cells on its own, and is cytotoxic in its encapsulated form.

The problem of obesity and its related complications are adversely affecting human society. We studied the effects of gassericin A, a bacteriocin produced by the intestinal bacteria, on adipocyte differentiation and development.Gassericin A was purified from Lactobacillus gasseri LA39 and was added to the culture medium of 3T3-L1 cells in two phases: Phase 1, 3T3-L1 cells were incubated with gassericin A while being induced to adipocytes (days 1-7); phase 2, the cells were incubated with the bacteriocin after being induced to adipocytes (days 8-12). The resultant changes in the pattern of expression of some of the important genes involved in adipogenesis were evaluated by RT-qPCR. The viability of cells and their numbers were also studied.In phase 1 of the study, the levels of transcripts for stearoyl CoA desaturase (SCD-1), zinc finger protein 423 (zfp-423), and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) genes were significantly reduced, while that of 422ap2 gene showed a significant increment (p0.05). In phase 2, the zfp-423 gene showed a reduction of expression and the 422ap2 gene showed an increase in expression (p0.05). The other genes including UCP-1 and TNF-α did not show any significant changes in neither of the groups. Gassericin A did not affect the morphology or viability of the cells, however, the numbers of cells had nearly doubled in the treatment groups.It seems that gassericin A could significantly alter the properties of adipocytes while they are in the process of development and after they have developed.