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The epididymis is a crucial component of the goat's reproductive structure. The epididymis is responsible for the transportation, concentration, and maturation of sperm. This study aimed to examine the differences in the structure of macro and microanatomy, tissue composition, and the existence of androgen receptors in the epididymis of Kacang goats aged 4, 8, and 12 months. The assessment of macroscopic organ growth was done immediately after sampling, whereas microscopic measurements were carried out following histological preparations using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and immunohistochemical (IHC) procedures. The results on the macroscopic anatomy of the epididymis indicated a significant association between age with the width of the caput dexter and sinister and the circumference of the right cauda. However, no significant relationship was found between age with the corpus length and the left cauda's circumference. Significant variations were observed in the diameter and concentration of the agglutinated spermatozoa in the lumen during histomorphometry of the epididymis in three age groups of Kacang goats. There were no statistically significant variations in the expression of androgen receptors among the three age groups. This study showed that the correlation coefficient test reveals a positive relationship between age and the caput width and corpus length dimensions, indicating that these measurements tend to grow as age increases. On the other hand, the diameter of the agglutinated spermatozoa in the epididymal lumen exhibits significant variations between the ages of 4 months, with the ages of 8 months and 12 months, suggesting that the sperm becomes fully matured by the age of 8 months.

The concept of digital farming can help farmers increase their agricultural production yield. One of the technologies to support digital farming is robotics, which can be utilized to complete a redundant task efficiently for 24 hours. This paper presents a simple and effective harvesting robot that is applied to harvest a ripe strawberry. The mechanical and electrical design is kept simple to ensure it is reproducible. The input from a proximity sensor and image detection by a Pi camera is utilized by FLC (Fuzzy Logic Controller) to improve the effectiveness of the harvesting task. The image processing method in this study is image segmentation, which fits with the limited source of the microcontroller available in the market. The experiment included 60 times (20 times center, left, and right position) harvesting using the FLC algorithm and 60 times without FLC to show the effectiveness of the proposed method. From 60 experiments without an FLC experiment, there is an 80% hit rate for strawberries positioned in the middle of an image plane and 55% for left and right strawberries. From 60 times of FLC experiment, 95% hit rate for strawberries positioned in the middle of an image plane, 80% for left and right strawberries. The average time required to finish the task without FLC for strawberries in the middle is 13.51 s, the left is 11.04 s, and the right is 17.28 s. While the average time required to finish the task with FLC for strawberry in the middle is 12.90 s, the left side is 11.71 s, and the right side is 10.93 s. This study is intended to show that simple designs can be helpful and affordable when applied to greenhouse farming in Indonesia.

Bifacial Photovoltaic Thermal (B-PVT) technologies have seen significant advancements in sustainable energy production by converting solar energy into useful electric and thermal energies simultaneously. The present study explored the optimisation of these systems by first performing sensitivity analysis on design parameters to identify key variables affecting their performance efficiencies. The system design and performance were then studied simultaneously using a multi-objective optimisation algorithm NSGA-II. It was found that increasing packing factors from 0.4 to 0.8 leads to a 15% increase in both electrical and thermal efficiencies, while an asymmetry in channel depths could lead to an 8% increase in thermal efficiency. Key design parameters such as transmissivity cover, mass flow rate, packing factors and channel depth ratios were found to have the most significant influence on overall system performance. Multi-objective optimisation of design variables results in a Pareto front describing trade-offs between solutions of conflicting objectives of performance. Optimisation with preferences towards overall efficiency over temperature differential produces solutions with a high overall efficiency yield of 70.79%, requiring specific values for mass flow rate (0.197 kg/s) and channel ratio (0.129), however at the expense of a reduced temperature differential of 5.12oC. Solutions with a balanced preference towards both objectives could produce a solution that is less biased in performance.

PURPOSETo review the economic burden assessment of cervical cancer in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and use the findings to develop a pragmatic, standardized framework for such assessment.METHODSWe first systematically reviewed articles indexed in scientific databases reporting the methodology for collecting and calculating costs related to the cervical cancer burden in LMICs. Data on study design, costing approach, cost perspective, costing period, and cost type (direct medical costs [DMC], direct nonmedical costs [DNMC], and indirect costs [IC]) were extracted. Finally, we summarized the reported limitations in the methodology and used the solutions to inform our framework.RESULTSCervical cancer treatment costs across LMICs vary greatly and can be extremely expensive, up to 70,968 International US dollars. Economic and financial assessment methods also vary greatly across countries. Of the 28 reviewed articles, 25 studies reported DMC for cervical cancer treatment by extracting cost information from billing or insurance databases (eight studies), conducting surveys (five), and estimating the costs (12). Only 11 studies—mainly through surveys—reported DNMC and IC. The economic burden assessment framework includes health care/payer and societal perspectives (DMC, DNMC, IC, and human capital loss) across the cervical cancer screening and treatment continuum. To assess health care/payer costs, we recommend combining the predefined treatment standards with actual local treatment practices, multiplied by unit costs. To assess societal costs, we recommend conducting a cost survey in line with a standardized yet adaptable protocol.CONCLUSIONOur standardized, pragmatic framework allows assessment of economic and financial burden of cervical cancer in LMICs despite the different levels of available resources across countries. This framework will facilitate global comparisons and monitoring and may also be applied to other cancers.

ABSTRACT. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menduga (estimasi) nilai heritabilitas, korelasi genetik, nilai pemuliaan berdasarkan bobot sapih dan ukuran tubuh pada sapi Madura umur 205 hari di Unit Pelaksana Teknis Pembibitan Ternak dan Kesehatan Hewan sapi Madura Pamekasan. Materi yang digunakan terdiri dari catatan produksi sapi Madura kelahiran tahun 2014 sampai 2020. Jumlah sapi Madura yang digunakan adalah 96 ekor (46 ekor jantan dan 50 ekor betina) yang berasal dari 18 ekor pejantan. Data dianalisis menggunakan koreksi umur bobot badan umur 205 hari, nilai heritabilitas, nilai pemuliaan, korelasi genetik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai heritabilitas umur 205 hari termasuk dalam kategori sedang hingga tinggi yaitu 0,40±0,44 (TP), 0,38±0,43 (LD), 0,29±0,39 (BSB), dan 0,82±0,62 (PB). Nilai korelasi genetik bobot sapih dengan tinggi badan, panjang badan, dan lingkar dada ialah 0,17; 0,08; dan 0,017. Ranking nilai pemuliaan tertinggi pada bobot sapih, tinggi pundak, dan panjang badan sapi Madura umur 205 hari terdapat pada pejantan Adikara dengan nilai berturut-turut sebesar 2,53; 0,92; 3,98, sedangkan untuk lingkar dada NP tertinggi terdapat pada pejantan 684 dengan nilai sebesar 3,25. Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini ialah pejantan sapi Madura yang memiliki nilai positif pada semua variabel yang diamati di UPT Pembibitan dan Kesehatan Hewan Provinsi Jawa Timur ialah pejantan Adikara dan pejantan 934. Sehingga pejantan tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai pejantan unggul untuk meningkatkan mutu genetik sapi Madura. (Estimation of genetic parameters of body weight and body measurement of Madura cattle at 205 days) ABSTRAK. This research purposes to analyze the heritability value, genetic correlation, breeding value and rank correlation of breeding value based on body weight and body measurement at 205 days old of Madura cattle in UPT Pamekasan Cattle Breeding and Animal Health. The material used consisted of production records of Madura cattle born from 2014 to 2020. The number of Madura cattle used was 96 heads (46 males and 50 females) from 18 bulls. Data on weaning weight were corrected to 205 days of age. Heritability values were calculated using analyses of variance with paternal half sib correlation model. The results showed that the heritability values of 205 days old were included in the medium category for shoulder height (0.40±0.44), chest girth (0.38±0.43), body weight (0.29±0.39), and the high category for body length (0.82±0.62). The genetic correlation values of body weight with shoulder height, body length, and chest girth were 0.17, 0.08, and 0.017. The highest breeding value for body weight, shoulder height, and body length of Madura cattle aged of 205 days was found in Adikara bull with consecutive values of 2.53, 0.92, 3.98, while the highest breeding value for chest girth was found in 684 bull with a value of 3.25. The conclusion in this study is that the bulls of Madura cattle who have positive values in all variables observed at the UPT Breeding and Animal Health of the East Java Province are the bulls of Adikara and 934. So these bulls can be used as superior bulls to improve the genetic quality of Madura cattle.

This research aims to (1) examine the differences in learning outcomes of programmable logic controllers between cadets who use problem-based learning strategies assisted by mockup media and problem-based learning strategies, (2) examine the differences in learning outcomes of programmable logic controllers between cadets who have high and low initial abilities, and (3) examine the interaction effect between learning strategies and initial abilities on learning outcomes of programmable logic controllers. This research uses a 2 x 2 factorial design with the object of research being the 3rd-semester airport electrical engineering study program students at Aviation Polytechnic Surabaya. The sample of this research includes 47 students of the TLB 11 AB class as the experimental group of problem-based learning strategy assisted by mockup media and 46 students of the TLB 12AB class as the control group of problem-based learning strategy. A learning outcomes test collected the data on learning outcomes in the form of multiple choice. Learning outcomes data were analyzed using two-tailed ANOVA (analysis of variance). The results showed that there is a significant difference in learning outcomes of the programmable logic controller between cadets who learn using problem-based learning assisted by mockup media and problem-based learning, there is a significant difference in learning outcomes of the programmable logic controller between cadets who have high and low initial abilities, there is no interaction effect between learning strategies and cadets' initial abilities on learning outcomes of the programmable logic controller. This research can contribute to improving students' understanding and skills in the field of PLC. Through practical experience and relevant projects, students can develop a deeper understanding of PLC concepts and improve their technical skills in designing, implementing, and solving problems related to PLC systems.

Abstract Background The psychosocial consequences of tuberculosis (TB) are key barriers to ending TB globally. We evaluated and compared stigma, depression, and quality of life (QoL) among people with TB diagnosed through active (ACF) and passive (PCF) case-finding in Nepal. Methods We prospectively recruited adults with TB diagnosed through ACF and PCF in four districts of Nepal between August 2018 and April 2019. Participants were interviewed at 8–12 weeks (baseline) and 22–26 weeks (follow-up) following treatment initiation. TB stigma was measured using an adapted Van Rie Stigma Scale (0 = no stigma to 30 = highest stigma). Depression was measured using a locally-validated Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Mild and major depression were indicated by PHQ-9 scores 5–9 and ≥ 10, respectively. QoL was measured using the EuroQoL 5-Dimension 5-level (EQ-5D-5L) from 0 to 1 (optimal QoL); and self-rated health from 0 to 100 (optimal self-rated health). Results We recruited 221 participants (111 ACF; 110 PCF) with a mean age of 48 years (standard deviation [SD] = ± 16), of whom 147/221 (67%) were men. The mean TB stigma score was 12 (SD = 7.3) at baseline and 12 (SD = 6.7) at follow-up. The most commonly perceived elements of TB stigma at baseline were that people with TB experienced guilt (110/221, 50%) and feared disclosure outside their household (114/221, 52%). Self-rated health and EQ-5D-5L scores increased from baseline to follow-up (69.3 to 80.3, p

Objective: Telemedicine has the potential to improve healthcare access in rural areas, 56 % of which do not have access to essential healthcare services. However, systemic barriers continue to limit its adoption. This systematic review aimed to identify the current barriers to telemedicine adoption in the rural areas of developing countries. Data sources: A systematic literature search using six databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Proquest, Scopus, SpringerLink, and EBSCO) was performed to identify articles on barriers to telemedicine adoption published until May 2024. Additional studies were included through hand searching and reference list checking. Study selection: Study selection was done independently by two reviewers using pre-specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data extraction: Critical appraisal was conducted using the AXIS tool for cross-sectional studies, the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Studies (COREQ) checklist for qualitative studies, and the Mixed-Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) for mixed-methods studies. Data synthesis: The reporting of this article follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement. We included 21 studies (eight cross-sectional studies, eleven qualitative studies, and two mixed-methods studies) from twelve Asian, African, and South American countries. We classified the identified barriers into the five domains of a novel ‘5P framework’: product, provider, public, place, and policy. Each of these domains is essential for telemedicine adoption and its sustainability. Conclusion: It is crucial to understand the context of the rural areas targeted for telemedicine adoption. Addressing the barriers identified through the ‘5P framework’ by conducting culturally sensitive and context-specific efforts may pave the way to the maximization of telemedicine adoption in rural areas.

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is hydrophobic, piezoelectric, and has good chemical stability and high mechanical properties; therefore, it is often used to reinforce other composite materials for various applications. However, the characteristics of pure PVDF nanofibers have rarely been comprehensively explored. This study prepared pure PVDF nanofiber membranes using electrospinning and investigated their physicochemical and mechanical properties. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the PVDF nanofiber surfaces were white, homogeneous, flat, bead-free, and smooth, and that the nanofiber diameters were 230–855 nm. Fourier-transform infrared analyses showed that the β phase was dominant in all the nanofibers. The spectra showed that the α, β, and γ phases were present in PVDF1 and PVDF2, whereas PVDF3 and PVDF4 were dominated by the β and γ phases. The PVDF nanofiber samples had a semi-crystalline structure with crystallinity values of 58.45–52.67%. The tensile strength of the PVDF nanofibers increased from 3.61 to 6.00 MPa with an increasing PVDF concentration. The application of a high voltage during the electrospinning process did not damage the chemical structure of the PVDF nanofibers. The PVDF nanofiber membranes produced in this study are potential candidates for application in wound healing, water filtration, and masks.

Solar energy has emerged as a standout alternative among the various types of renewable energies due to availability and minimal upfront expense in energy conversion. One of the most comprehensive methods to utilize solar energy potential is photovoltaic (PV) systems that apply a phenomenon called “photovoltaic effect”. However, one major obstacle to the widespread use of PV is their optimal working temperature. The PV performance is based on heat distribution on surface of the panel that need to be decreased. From previous literature reviews on PV cooling, it is found there's insufficient attention given to discussing the vital and standardized parameters necessary for evaluating the efficiency of cooling techniques for PV systems. Hence, in this article, several updated studies on PV cooling technology are discussed including passive, active and combined cooling. Besides that, the performance assessment methods are also elaborated including temperature-dependent PV efficiency difference factor (FTDED), temperature dependent photovoltaic power difference factor (FTDPD), PV power difference factor (FED), power ratio (R), PV cooler lifespan efficacy factor (FLSE), production cost effectiveness factor (FCE), modified production cost effectiveness factor (FMCE), and cost and area effectiveness factor (FCAE). It was found that the PV cooling has some major challenges to be addressed in future studies including cost, maintenance requirement, energy consumption especially for active cooling methods and performance under extreme conditions. Hence, recommendations are given for the purpose of tackling some of these challenges.

The pico scale crossflow turbine (CFT) is a prospect as an independent power plant for remote and rural areas because it has a stable efficiency range of 64 % to 79.5 % in high discharge fluctuation. An alternative to CFT performance enhancement is determining the upper blade configuration to increase lift force. Hence, this study investigates four configurations of the upper CFT blade: convex blade at the centre edge, convex at the trailing edge, convex at the leading edge and ordinary curvature. This research employs a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method to visualise the flow field. The upper CFT blade configuration significantly affects its performance, and convex at the leading edge has higher performance than others. The performance related to each blade shape's specific speed is parabolic and expressed using empirical law. The empirical law recommends 4.88 as specific speed for designing a pico scale CFT.

The use of solar photovoltaic panels as source of power for Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motors requires a DC-DC Converter circuit. One application of solar energy is as a power source for Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motors. The main problem is the voltage fluctuation and low DC voltage generated by the solar panel. This research aims to improve the performance of the DC-DC Boost Converter circuit and minimize voltage fluctuations. The methodology encompasses mathematical modeling of the circuit in the form of transfer functions and optimizing the DC-DC Boost Converter circuit using the Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller and the Firefly algorithm. Simulation testing results indicate an improvement in transient response performance of the DC-DC Converter circuit as a driver for the BLDC motor. This is evidenced by an increase in rise time from 499 s to 820 s, a decrease in settling time from 3.33 e+03 s to 2.07e+03 s, and a reduction in overshoot to 0 % from previously 11.4 %. The utilization of the firefly algorithm in optimization significantly enhances system efficiency, as demonstrated by faster achievement of stability without excessive oscillation and a reduction in the time required for the system to settle. Overall, this study shows that the firefly algorithm is effective in developing DC-DC Boost Converter circuits, improving system efficiency by reducing settling time and eliminating overshoot. These findings provide empirical evidence of the effectiveness of using artificial intelligence algorithms in enhancing the operational efficiency of energy conversion systems.

Achieving the targets of eliminating tuberculosis (TB) requires a combination of biomedical, epidemiological, and social approaches. Having hitted by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic which diminishes the financial capacity of TB-affected households, the importance of delivering socioeconomic support to TB-affected household emerges. However, the evidence of TB-related socioeconomic support is still scarce, and some questions are left unanswered. A sequential explanatory mixed-methods study by Dave and Rupani shows that the direct benefit transfer (DBT), a form of cash transfer, to TB-affected households improves TB treatment outcomes in India despite the challenges. Some critical issues remain to be discussed: trading-off between the amount of cash and its sustainability, choosing the most appropriate support packages, detecting, and reaching the target population, and arranging the most effective delivery strategy. Knowledge gap remains to be answered, and a global research agenda and political commitment are critical to encourage more evidence in delivering socioeconomic support for TB control.

Abstract Background Myogenic enhancer transcription factor 2A (MEF2A) is a transcription factor known for its role in controlling skeletal muscle regeneration and metabolic processes, while activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) is a stress-induced transcription factor that plays a role in modulating metabolic processes, immunity, and oncogenesis. Environmental factors, such as dietary protein, can influence gene expression levels. Insufficient protein intake can negatively affect the metabolic performance of internal organs, leading to the abnormal weight of internal organs. A total of 192 non-sexing crossbred local chickens day-old-chick (DOC) with a completely randomized design (CRD) method of 3 treatments and 8 replicates. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is used to measure the gene expression levels. This study aimed to determine the effect of feeding with various protein levels on internal organ weight and gene expression of MEF2A and ATF3 in crossbred local chickens. Result The analysis of treatment revealed that the results were not significantly different (P > 0.05) on gizzard weight and spleen weight. However, it shows a significantly different result (P

This study investigates the impact of zinc oxide on the physical characteristics and electrochemical behavior of the LaSrCoFe (LSCF) cathode. Electrochemical impedance spectra in conjunction with the bode phase were used to optimize the amount of zinc oxide addition in the LSCF cathode. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and thermal analysis were utilized to substantiate the electrochemical discovery that the LSCF: ZnO ratio yields rational oxygen reduction reaction and stoichiometric outcomes. Initial characterization, comprising of phase and bonding analyses, indicated that LSCF-ZnO was successfully synthesized at 800 ºC using an improved modified sol-gel technique. The addition of 5% zinc oxide to LSCF results in the lowest overall area-specific resistance (ASR) rating. The Bode phase implies that the addition of 5% zinc oxide to LSCF reduces the low-frequency impedance by 64.28%, indicating that the cathode experienced a greater oxygen reduction reaction. After the addition of 5% zinc oxide, a single LSCF-ZnO cell may function at temperatures as low as 650 °C, and the LSCF cathode power density is increased by 25.35%. The surface morphology of the LSCF-ZnO cathode reveals an overall particle size of less than 100 nm, and mapping analysis reveals a homogeneous distribution of ZnO over the cathode layer. Consequently, LSCF-ZnO demonstrated outstanding chemical compatibility between LSCF and ZnO, bonding characteristics, and electrochemical performance with the capacity to function at an intermediate temperature (600 °C – 800 °C).

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode jigsaw pada model pembelajaran discovery learning terhadap motivasi dan hasil belajar peserta didik kelas XI MIA SMA Negeri 11 Makassar. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 2 kelas yaitu kelas XI MIA 3 sebagai kelas eksperimen dengan jumlah peserta didik sebanyak 26 orang dan XI MIA 2 sebagai kelas kontrol dengan jumlah peserta didik 29 orang yang ditentukan secara simple random sampling. Data hasil penelitian diperoleh dengan memberikan angket motivasi belajar dan tes hasil belajar pada materi pokok asam basa yang dianalisis menggunakan uji statistik deskriptif dan statistik inferensial. Uji statistik deskriptif motivasi belajar peserta didik diperoleh, nilai rata-rata kategori tinggi. Untuk uji deskriptif hasil belajar peserta didik diperoleh, nilai rata-rata kelas signifikan. Pengujian hipotesis dari motivasi dan hasil belajar dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji statistik non parametrik (uji Mann-Whitney). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh metodejigsaw pada model pembelajaran discovery learning terhadap motivasi belajar peserta didik kelas XI MIA SMA Negeri 11 Makassar pada materi pokok asam basa. Untuk pengujian hipotesis hasil belajar Zhitung = 6,48 pada taraf signifikan, α = 0.05 diperoleh Ztabel= 1,64. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh metode jigsaw pada model pembelajaran discovery learning terhadap hasil belajar peserta didik kelas XI MIA SMA Negeri 11 Makassar pada materi pokok asam basa

This study presents the performance of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) with the 5-km horizontal grid as a tool for wind energy forecasting within and along the Indonesian coast for the next 72 hours. The modeled data is then validated using wind measurements from the meteorological mast in East Sumba at several heights. Global Forecast System (GFS) operational forecasting data with a resolution of 0.25 degrees are used as the initial and boundary conditions (IC/BC) model. The findings demonstrate that wind speed and wind power density are much higher above ground level (50 m) than at ground level (10 m) and are significantly higher towards the shore than inland. The model slightly overpredicts low-level wind speeds. The results suggest that the WRF model is feasible for forecasting Indonesia's wind ?ow and wind energy.

Stigma towards people with tuberculosis (TB-Stigma) is associated with other psychosocial consequences of TB including mental illness and reduced quality of life (QoL). We evaluated TB-Stigma, depression, QoL, and the need for psychosocial support among adults with TB in Indonesia, a high TB burden country. In this primary health facility-based survey in seven provinces of Indonesia, from February to November 2022, we interviewed adults receiving (a) intensive phase treatment for drug-susceptible (DS) TB at public facilities, (b) treatment at private facilities, (c) those lost to follow up (LTFU) to treatment, and (d) those receiving TB retreatment. We used our previously validated Indonesian TB-Stigma Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and EQ-5D-5L to measure TB-Stigma, depression, and QoL. Additional questions assessed what psychosocial support was received or needed by participants. We recruited and interviewed 612 people, of whom 60.6% (96%CI 59.6-64.5%) experienced moderate TB-Stigma. The average TB-Stigma scores were 19.0 (SD 6.9; min-max 0-50; Form A-Patient Perspective) and 23.4 (SD 8.4, min-max 0-50; Form B-Community Perspective). The scores were higher among people receiving treatment at private facilities (adjusted B [aB] 2.48; 0.94-4.03), those LTFU (aB 2.86; 0.85-4.87), males (aB 1.73; 0.59-2.87), those losing or changing job due to TB (aB 2.09; 0.31-3.88) and those living in a rural area (aB 1.41; 0.19-2.63). Depression was identified in 41.5% (95% CI 37.7-45.3%) of participants. Experiencing TB-Stigma was associated with moderately severe to severe depression (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.23; 1.15-1.32) and both stigma and depression were associated with lower QoL (aB -0.013; [-0.016]-[-0.010]). Informational (20.8%), emotional (25.9%) and instrumental (10.6%) support received from peers or peer-groups was limited, and unmet need for such support was high. There is a sizeable and intersecting burden of TB-Stigma and depression among adults with TB in Indonesia, which is associated with lower QoL. Participants reported a substantial unmet need for psychosocial support including peer-led mutual support groups. A community-based peer-led psychosocial support intervention is critical to defray the psychosocial impact of TB in Indonesia.

Control of the amount of solar energy successfully absorbed by photovoltaic system equipment that can follow the movement of sunlight vertically and horizontally at any time is a very urgent need. The method used in this research activity is the utilization of the ESP8266 microcontroller as the primary control of photovoltaic movements that can follow the direction of sunlight based on information from the Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) sensor. The data variables measured and stored include current, voltage, and temperature, which are then processed and transmitted by the ESP 8266 microcontroller to the user through the Internet of Things (IoT) media to the BLINK application. The experimental results show that the proposed system using the ESP8266 microcontroller and LDR sensor increases efficiency, accuracy, speed, and convenience in the monitoring and control system of sunlight intensity by an average of 65%, compared with the manual monitoring system.

In countries that produce cattle, like Indonesia, improper management of cow dung is an issue. Biogas production had previously been regarded as the most advantageous method of digesting cow dung. This study examines the energy, economic, and environmental advantages of biogas produced from cow dung if it were to replace coal-powered electricity and LPG in Indonesia. Additionally, the slurry created as a byproduct is used in place of urea as a fertilizer. Benefit calculations begin at the household level and progress to the village level and eventually the national level. According to the study's findings, installing a biogas plant can cut carbon emissions by up to 6.78 tons of CO2/village/day. Each household has an annual savings capacity of IDR 725,000, and each village has a potential annual regional income of IDR 178,000,000. Almost 44% of the urea fertilizer can be replaced by the slurry and 13.2 million households can be served by the 18,177 GWh of electricity produced annually on a country level. The annual reductionable amount of LPG is 3.84 million tonnes and the annual savings to the state budget for LPG and fertilizer subsidies are IDR 40.3 trillion. By lessening the nation's reliance on fossil fuels, the use of biogas also helps to create energy security. Replacing trucks with other equipment for transporting cow dung, utilizing absorbers to boost methane concentrations, and improving electricity generator efficiency are the best approaches to maximizing the advantages of biogas.

A new hybrid system, known as photovoltaic–thermal–thermoelectric (PVT-TE), has been proposed to enhance the conversion efficiency of PV cells by incorporating an intelligent thermal management system, which leverages the dual functions of thermoelectric (TE). This study aims to explore the potential for creating a hybrid system that is more efficient and offers improved performance than standalone photovoltaic thermal (PVT) systems. The key parameters for the creation of a hybrid system were analysed, and the theoretical and experimental results were compared to validate the model. The performance of the PVT-TE collector was evaluated through a steady-state analysis using a one dimensional (1D) mathematical model. Energy balance equations were solved using Microsoft Excel and inverse matrix method. Experiments on PVT and PVT-TE collectors were examined at a solar radiation intensity of 593.16 W/m2. The air mass flow rate was set at 0.009, 0.021, 0.039, 0.069 and 0.095 kg/s for specific radiation intensity. The thermal and electrical performance of the hybrid system was higher than that of the conventional PVT system. The PVT-TE system combines photovoltaic and thermoelectric components, including a thermoelectric module and an air collector. The integration improves system efficiency and performance, surpassing previous research efforts. The PVT-TE system with an air collector has innovative features including efficient thermal-electric conversion, integrated component utilisation, and air collector integration. The overall efficiency of the hybrid system was 7.05%–31.13% higher than the theoretical values and 9.64%–34.83% higher than the experimental values. The increase in the output power of the hybrid system was also higher by 32.59%–55.93%. The findings indicate that the integration thermoelectric (TE) with PV cells has the potential to enhance solar thermal systems' performance. This study provides the basis for further analysis and optimisation of PVT-TE hybrid systems.

Abstract Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) remains a highly stigmatised disease that can cause or exacerbate mental health disorders. Despite increased awareness of the importance of reducing TB stigma, validated tools to measure TB stigma remain scarce. This study aimed to culturally adapt and validate the Van Rie TB Stigma Scale in Indonesia, a country with the second largest TB incidence worldwide. Methods We validated the scale in three phases: translation, cultural adaptation, and psychometric evaluation. We invited diverse experts to an interdisciplinary panel for the cross-cultural adaptation, then performed a psychometric evaluation of the scale: exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, reliability analysis, and correlation analysis with Patient Health Questionnaire 9 [PHQ-9]. Results We culturally adapted the original scale's language and content during the translation and cultural adaptation phases. After psychometric evaluation with 401 participants in seven provinces of Indonesia, we removed two items. The new scale had two forms: (A) patient and (B) community perspective forms. Both forms had good internal consistency, with respective Cronbach's alpha values of 0.738 and 0.807. We identified three loading factors in Form A (disclosure, isolation, and guilty) and two loading factors in Form B (isolation and distancing). The scale showed correlation with PHQ-9 (Form A, rs = 0.347, p

Abstract Background Burnout and depression among health professions education (HPE) students continue to rise, leading to unwanted effects that ultimately jeopardise optimal medical care and patient health. Promoting the resilience of medical students is one solution to this issue. Several interventions have been implemented to foster resilience, but they focus on aspects other than the primary cause: the assessment system. The purpose of this study is to develop a framework to promote resilience in assessment planning and practice. Methods We followed the guidelines suggested by Whetten for constructing a theoretical model for framework development. There were four phases in the model development. In the first phase, different literature review methods were used, and additional students’ perspectives were collected through focus group discussions. Then, using the data, we constructed the theoretical model in the second phase. In the third phase, we validated the newly developed model and its related guidelines. Finally, we performed response process validation of the model with a group of medical teachers. Results The developed systematic assessment resilience framework (SAR) promotes four constructs: self-control, management, engagement, and growth, through five phases of assessment: assessment experience, assessment direction, assessment preparation, examiner focus, and student reflection. Each phase contains a number of practical guidelines to promote resilience. We rigorously triangulated each approach with its theoretical foundations and evaluated it on the basis of its content and process. The model showed high levels of content and face validity. Conclusions The SAR model offers a novel guideline for fostering resilience through assessment planning and practice. It includes a number of attainable and practical guidelines for enhancing resilience. In addition, it opens a new horizon for HPE students’ future use of this framework in the new normal condition (post COVID 19).

Energy and environomical analysis play important role in designing a solar thermal drying system as these analyses identify the high energy-consuming area, formulate energy-saving measures and evaluate the size of any potential savings. In this study, a greenhouse solar dryer with a double-pass multi-hollow collector for leaf drying was evaluated using environmental-economic analysis. Environmental analysis includes the determination of embodied energy, energy payback time (EPBT) period, as well as CO2 emissions per year, carbon mitigation and carbon credit. The embodied energy of a passive dryer is 606.86 kWh and EPBT of 16.68 years, while for an active dryer, the values are determined at 636.17 kWh and 10.39 years, respectively. CO2 emission for the passive dryer is 47.17 kg per year, net CO2 mitigation of 124.6 kg, and earned carbon credit of RM 2.58 – RM 12.38. The active dryer has CO2 emission of 47.14 kg, net CO2 mitigation of 594 kg, and earned carbon credit of RM 51.95 – RM 247.66. Economic analysis of this dryer shows that the energy cost associated with its operation ranges from RM 1.59 to RM 4.77, monthly.

Due to its widespread availability and inexpensive cost of energy conversion, solar power has become a popular option among renewable energy sources. Among the most complete methods of utilizing copious solar energy is the use of photovoltaic (PV) systems. However, one major obstacle to obtaining the optimal performance of PV technology is the need to maintain ideal operating temperature. Maintaining constant surface temperatures is critical to PV systems’ efficacy. This review looks at the latest developments in PV cooling technologies, including passive, active, and combined cooling methods, and methods for their assessment. As advances in research and innovation progress within this domain, it will be crucial to tackle hurdles like affordability, maintenance demands, and performance in extreme conditions, to enhance the efficiency and widespread use of PV cooling methods. In essence, PV cooling stands as a vital element in the ongoing shift towards sustainable and renewable energy sources.

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) associated with stress reactions play an important role in cell survival by activating numerous regulatory proteins and inducing black apoptosis. This study aimed to identify the potential SNPs of HSP70 gene in Kacang goats in Indonesia. Forty-three Kacang goats were selected from Sidoarjo and Tulungagung districts. The DNA isolated from blood samples was successfully amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method with a pair of primers. The PCR products were sequenced in the coding region. The sequences were successfully aligned to determine the potential SNPs. A novel SNP (c.1311C>T) was found in this study. This SNP was categorized as a synonymous mutation. The insertion-deletion (in-del) mutation was also observed at the 1151st and 1161st nucleotide positions. Based on these mutations, four haplotypes were constructed where haplotype 1 had the highest frequency in Sidoarjo. Indonesian goats had no close relation with Iraqi goats according to Neighbor-Joing with Kimura’s 2-parameter approach. Haplotypes 1 and 2 in Indonesian goats had three different bases with all haplotypes in Iraqi goats in Median Joining Network. The study concluded that a novel SNP of HSP70 gene was identified in Kacang goats.

A byproduct of the honey processing called Klanceng honey beehive waste is said to still contain secondary metabolites that are beneficial to health. The objective of this research was to assess the photoprotective properties of an ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction, and ethyl acetate fraction obtained from the waste of an Indonesian Klanceng honey beehive that originated in Magelang. The DPPH free radical technique was applied to quantify antioxidant properties, and the Mansur equation’s SPF value was used to calculate photoprotective activity. The analysis of the data revealed that the IC50 values for the ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction, and ethyl acetate fraction were, respectively, 470.2935±0.9249, 207.1869± 2.6510, and 216.4892±0.8349. The ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction, and ethyl acetate fraction of the samples had SPF values of 3.872, 3.529, and 9.358, respectively. The ethyl acetate fraction, as opposed to the ethanol extract and the n-hexane fraction, has greater potential as a photoprotective agent as a result.

The development of nanoadsorbents for remediation of polluted water in order to obtain clean and healthy water quality has been carried out, namely the incorporation of Chitosan (K)-Magnetic (M)-Activated Carbon (K) materials. The activated carbon used is the result of the synthesis of banana peel waste nanocrystals, while the magnetic is Fe3O4. The method used in this study is an experimental method with coprecipitation through several stages, namely (1) magnetic synthesis of Fe3O4 by thecoprecipitation method, (2) preparation of chitosan solution, (3) synthesis of activated carbon nanocrystals from banana peel waste by the milling process, (4) merger of the three materials, and (5) characterization with SEM/EDX, XRD, FTIR, BET, PSA, TGA, and AAS to test the performance of the material against polluted water.The study found that 210 minutes was the optimal time for the heavy metal ions Fe, Mn, Zn, and Pb to adsorption.The best sample was sample S4 with a ratio of 1:2:2 with adsorption for Zn 92.43%, Fe 95.44%, Mn 89.54%, and Pb 84.38%. For the heavy metal ions: Mn 5624 mg/g, Fe 5849.4 mg/g, Zn 4894.22 mg/g, and Pb 468.2 mg/g, the Langmuir model was used. The adsorption kinetics showed that the reaction order for Pb, Mn, Zn, and Fe ions varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. CMC nanoadsorbents are effective in remediating the water contaminated with heavy metals, such as Pb, Mn, Zn, and Fe, meeting the environmental health quality standards for water media for sanitation hygiene purposes.

Degradation of components and system failure within the microgrid system is deteriorating the performance of electrification. The aim of this study is to discuss the relationship and connections between issues resulting from degradation and deterioration in the microgrid system, in addition to introducing the prominent impacts which may eventually lead to the premature termination of the microgrid system. This study explored the microgrid degradation and deterioration issues within four microgrid sections: generation section, storage section, transmission section, and distribution section. Subsequently, this study analyzes, derives, and classifies all emerging issues into four types of prominent impacts. The degradation and deterioration invoked many component performance issues into four main damaging outcomes, namely (i) deteriorated transmission line yielded issues regarding expected energy not achieved; (ii) energy deficit and unpredicted blackout come after the depth of discharge (DOD) reduction and invoke a loss of power supply; (iii) a shorter battery life cycle, shorter transformer lifespan, and decreased DG lifetime concluded as a shorter microgrid life expectancy; and (iv) rapid microgrid broke down and the crash of the key component inadvertently fastened the time to failure and gave rise to the early failure of a microgrid system. It is envisaged that the discussion in this study can provide useful mapped information for the researcher, stakeholder, operator, and other parties for thoroughly addressing various degradation and deterioration issues and anticipating the early termination of the microgrid system.

Hafiza Maida Arshad, Fiaz-ud-Din Ahmad, Arslan Hussain Lodhi Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, the Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, PakistanCorrespondence: Fiaz-ud-Din Ahmad, Department of Pharmacology, the Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan Khawaja Fareed Campus, Railway Road, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan, Tel +92-320-8402376, Email fiaz.ahmad@iub.edu.pkAim: Depression is a chronic recurrent neuropsychiatric disorder associated with inflammation. This study explored the pharmacological activities of Aerva javanica leaves crude extract (Aj.Cr) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depressive-like behavior in experimental mice.Methods: Aj.Cr was evaluated for its phenolic and flavonoid contents, bioactive potential, amino acid profiling and enzyme inhibition assays using different analytical techniques followed by in-silico molecular docking was performed. In addition, three ligands identified in HPLC analysis and standard galantamine were docked to acetyl cholinesterase (AchE) enzyme to assess the ligand interaction along with their binding affinities. In in-vivo analysis, mice were given normal saline (10 mL/kg), imipramine (10 mg/kg) and Aj.Cr (100, 300, and 500 mg/kg) orally for 14-consecutive days. On the 14th day, respective treatment was given 30-minutes before intra-peritoneal administration of (0.83 mg/kg) LPS. Open field, forced swim and tail suspension tests were performed 24-hours after LPS injection, followed by a sucrose preference test 48-hours later. Serum corticosterone levels, as well as levels of nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and catecholamines were determined in brain tissues.Results: In-vitro results revealed that crude extract of Aj.Cr possesses anti-depressant agents with solid antioxidant potential. In-vivo analysis showed that LPS significantly increased depressive-like behavior followed by alteration in serum and tissue biomarkers as compared to normal control (p < 0.001). While imipramine and Aj.Cr (100, 300, and 500 mg/kg) treated groups significantly (p< 0.05) improved the depressive-like behavior and biomarkers when compared to the LPS group.Conclusion: The mitigation of LPS-induced depressive-like behavior by Aj.Cr may be linked to the modulation of oxidative stress, neuro-inflammation and catecholamines due to the presence of potent bioactive compounds exerting anti-depressant effects.Keywords: Aerva javanica, depression, lipopolysaccharide, oxidative stress

The pseudostem of banana (Musa sp.) has a high value for fiber. In this study, we characterized two wild Musa acuminata, i.e., ssp. malaccensis (LIPI-030) (M1) and var. breviformis (LIPI-218) (M3), an accession of diploid M. acuminata cultivar “Pisang Rejang” (LIPI-048) (M2) and one accession M. balbisiana “Pisang Klutuk” (LIPI-054) (M4) for its chemical (including Syringyl (S) and Guaiacyl (G) ratio) physical and mechanical properties, fiber analysis, morphological analysis, functional groups, crystallinity, and thermal analysis. As a result, there are variations in chemical, physical, and mechanical properties, fiber length and diameter, crystallinity, and thermal analysis behavior for each banana species. “Pisang Klutuk” showed the most different characteristics compared to others. The cellulose content of all banana fibers has a close correlation with their tensile strength. Based on the fiber properties evaluation, var. breviformis (M3) has a tensile strength of 459.99 MPa, cellulose content of 33.30%, degree of crystallinity of 45.23%, degree of polymerization of 1199.15, and S/G ratio of 0.39 that suggested the most potential banana for fiber with high strength. The lignin S/G ratio of banana samples (M1-M2) showed a positive correlation with the degree of crystallinity and tensile strength, while it had a negative one with tensile modulus and strain. This study presented the importance of the S/G ratio and fiber properties that may aid the future application of Indonesian fiber in biomass conversion strategies.

Morphometric characterization is the basis of conservation strategies, performance improvement, breeding, and sustainable utilization plan. The purpose of this research was to determine the morphometrics of the Kacang Goats at the fishpond area in Sidoarjo Regency based on different ages and sex. The fishpond area in Sidoarjo is a closed area where goats are raised and have the potential for inbreeding with the consequence of smaller-sized offspring than normal. Morphometric measurements included the head, ears, neck, body, legs, tail, and horns. This research used a descriptive analysis approach, presenting data in form of mean, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation. The result showed that the average face length of male vs. female Kacang goats was 16.73 ± 2.40 cm vs. 19.68 ± 2.44 cm; with a face width of 11.25 ± 2.91 cm vs. 19.52 ± 3.18 cm; ear length of 14.62 ± 1.38 cm vs. 16.46 ± 1.47 cm; neck length of 15.53 ± 2.65 cm vs. 15.35 ± 2.14 cm; horn length of 7.41 ± 4.10 cm vs. 6.59 ± 2.89 cm; chest circumference of 59.33 ± 8.18 cm vs. 67.80 ± 6.32 cm; body length of 51.45 ± 6.70 cm vs. 56.91 ± 6.54 cm; body height of 54.41 ± 7.22 cm vs. 62.01 ± 5.53 cm; tail length of 13.21 ± 2.01 cm vs. 14.77 ± 3.37 cm; hind leg length of 39.20 ± 5.26 cm vs. 47.74 ± 5.47 cm; and front leg length of 37.00 ± 8.84 cm vs. 44.63 ± 8.65 cm. This research concludes that Kacang Goats in Sidoarjo has characteristics according to SNI standard, and the morphometric size was larger in female than male goats.

In the era of education 4.0 which is characterized by the use of digital technology, the learning process is not limited to space and time. This allows the implementation of distance learning as a springboard for a new educational model. The Surabaya Aviation Polytechnic is a vocational education institution under the supervision of Direktorat Kelaikudaraan dan Pengoperasian Pesawat Udara (DKPPU). DKPPU as the airworthiness and operation authority has issued letter regarding the online learning system method due to the covid pandemic. One of the determining factors for the success of learning process is the use of appropriate learning media. The choice of learning media influenced by the characteristics of the learner. Therefore, it is important to know the learning styles of students. Thus, this study aims to determine the learning style tendencies of Surabaya Aviation Polytechnic cadets to obtain recommendations for selecting the right media in distance learning. The data collection process involved 900 cadets who were asked to fill out a learning style questionnaire which would later be analyzed quantitatively. For data triangulation, interview sessions were also held for selected cadets. From the results of data analysis, it was concluded that the Surabaya Aviation Polytechnic cadets tended to have visual learning styles (54% or 485 cadets) and auditory (13% or 121 cadets). So, the media recommendations are audio/video tutorials, interactive multimedia, and simulator software. However, a total of 126 cadets do not know their learning styles. They need to be assisted in-class during class learning to increase achievement motivation.

ABSTRACT. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pejatan sapi Madura dengan menggunakan metode pendugaan nilai pemuliaan berdasarkan bobot badan dan ukuran tubuh. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara Purposive sampling dengan menggunakan data recording keturunan 7 pejantan sapi (684, Adikara/160726, 685, Kelesap/160725, Muntahai/16011001, Banteng/934, 386) untuk bobot badan (BB), tinggi badan (TB), panjang badan (PB) dan lingkar dada (LD) kelahiran tahun 2014-2020. Analisis data dengan koreksi umur 1 tahun ke 365 hari, nilai heritabilitas, nilai pemuliaan, dan korelasi rangking nilai pemuliaan. Hasil analisis nilai heritabilitas bobot badan dan ukuran tubuh sapi Madura umur 1 tahun tergolong kategori sedang hingga tinggi yaitu 0,57 (BB), 0,48 (TB), 0,83 (PB), dan 0,61 (LD). Sebanyak 42,85% bobot badan dan panjang badan pejantan sapi memiliki nilai pemuliaan positif, sedangkan pada tinggi badan dan lingkar dada memiliki nilai pemuliaan positif sebesar 28,57%. Korelasi rangking nilai pemuliaan bobot badan dengan ukuran tubuh sapi Madura umur 1 tahun tergolong kategori tinggi yaitu 0,86 (BB-TB), 0,68 (BB-PB) dan 0,86 (BB- LD). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu pejantan sapi di UPT Pembibitan dan Kesehatan Hewan Provinsi Jawa Timur yang memiliki nilai pemuliaan positif pada bobot badan dan ukuran tubuh adalah pejantan Ke lesap/160725 dan Adikara/160726 sehingga pejantan tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai tetua dalam program seleksi untuk meningkatkan mutu genetik dan menghasilkan sapi unggul. (Evaluation of sire breeding values on Madura cattle based on body weight and body measurement of their offspring at one-year-age) ABSTRAK. This study aimed to evaluate Madura cattle by using the method of estimating breeding value based on body weight and body measurement. The sampling was carried out by Purposive sampling using data recording offspring the 7 cattle (684, Adikara/160726, 685, Kelesap/160725, Muntahai/16011001, Banteng/934, 386) for Body Weight (BW), Withers Height (WH), Body Length (BL), and Chest Girth (CG) of born in 2014-2020. The data were analyzed by correction of 1 year to 365 days of age, heritability value, breeding value, and correlation ranking of breeding values. The results of the analysis of heritability values of body weight and body measurement of Madura cattle at 1 year of age rating on medium to high category were 0,57 (BW), 0,48 (WH), 0,83 (BL), and 0,61 (CG). A total of 42,85% body weight and body length of cattle at 1 year age have a positive value, while the body height and chest girth has a positive breeding value of 28,57%. The correlation between body weight and body measurement at 1-year-age Madura cattle classified as high category was 0,86 (BW-WH), 0,68 (BW-BL) and 0,86 (BW-CG). The conclusion this study the cattle at the UPT Breeding and Animal Health of East Java Province which has positive values on body weight and body measurement are the Ke lesap/160725 and Adikara/160726 males, while sires can be used as elders in the selection program to improve genetic quality and to produce superior cattle.

This study aims to determine the effect of Non-Performing Loans and Loan to Deposit Ratio on Return on Assets in commercial banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2014 - 2020. The research population was 44 banks, using purposive sampling, the research sample was obtained as many as 6 public banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2014 - 2020. This research method uses multiple linear regression analysis techniques. The results showed that the variables of Non-Performing Loan and Loan to Deposit Ratio had an effect on Return on Assets. This means that the bank has optimized the existing capital to be channeled through credit so that the bank's profit is maximized.

Seerat Mehdi,1 Fiaz-ud-Din Ahmad,1 Arslan Hussain Lodhi,1 Umair Khurshid,2 Ahmed Awais Khalid,1 Sheikh Safeena Sidiq,1 Liaqat Hussain,3 Mirza Shaharyar Baig1 1Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan; 2Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan; 3Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, PakistanCorrespondence: Fiaz-ud-Din Ahmad, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Khawaja Fareed Campus, Railway Road, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan, Tel +92-320-8402376, Email fiaz.ahmad@iub.edu.pkAim: Liver regulates metabolism of biomolecules and injury of liver causes distortion of metabolic functions. This injury may be oxidative or inflammatory induced by numerous factors including alcohol, pathogens and xenobiotics. This scientific study was planned to investigate the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant potential of p-coumaric acid (p-CA) on Lipopolysaccharide/D-Galactosamine (LPS/D-GalN) induced liver injury.Methods: DPPH analysis, reducing power assay and HPLC analysis were performed during in-vitro studies of p-CA. Similarly, in-vivo experiments were performed using Wistar Albino rats. Normal control and intoxicated group received (5mL/kg normal saline p.o), standard treatment groups received ascorbic acid (100mg/kg p.o) and silymarin (25mg/kg p.o), while p-CA treatment groups received (100mg/kg p.o) for 28-days. After completion of 28-days, LPS/D-GalN injection (300 mg D-GalN/kg and 10 μg LPS/kg i.p.) was given at 6th, 12th and 24-hours to all groups except normal control group. Animals were sacrificed; serum and liver samples were harvested and subjected to biochemical and histological examinations, respectively.Results: The results revealed that p-CA possess strong antioxidant activity. Increased levels of leukocyte infiltration (TLC), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TBIL), lipid panel (eg TG, TC, LDL-C, VLDL-C), whereas decreased HDL-C levels noticed in LPS/D-GalN groups as compared to normal control groups. Pro-Inflammatory markers (eg TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β) and lipid peroxidation marker, eg malondialdehyde (MDA) increased while superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were decreased significantly in groups treated with LPS/D-GalN. ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc analysis was used for statistical analysis of. H&E staining was done to assess architectural abnormalities among liver cells.Conclusion: In conclusion, p-CA could ameliorate LPS/D-GalN induced hepatic injury via regulation of immune responses, liver function enzymes, lipid profile, oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory markers.Keywords: p-coumaric acid, lipopolysaccharide, D-galactosamine, oxidative stress, inflammation

Abstract Background Prevention of tuberculosis (TB)-related stigma is vital to achieving the World Health Organisation’s End TB Strategy target of eliminating TB. However, the process and impact evaluation of interventions to reduce TB-stigma are limited. This literature review aimed to examine the quality, design, implementation challenges, and successes of TB-stigma intervention studies and create a novel conceptual framework of pathways to TB-stigma reduction. Method We searched relevant articles recorded in four scientific databases from 1999 to 2022, using pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, supplemented by the snowball method and complementary grey literature searches. We assessed the quality of studies using the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool, then reviewed study characteristics, data on stigma measurement tools used, and interventions implemented, and designed a conceptual framework to illustrate the pathways to TB-stigma reduction in the interventions identified. Results Of 14,259 articles identified, eleven met inclusion criteria, of which three were high quality. TB-stigma reduction interventions consisted mainly of education and psychosocial support targeted predominantly toward three key populations: people with TB, healthcare workers, and the public. No psychosocial interventions for people with TB set TB-stigma reduction as their primary or co-primary aim. Eight studies on healthcare workers and the public reported a decrease in TB-stigma attributed to the interventions. Despite the benefits, the interventions were limited by a dearth of validated stigma measurement tools. Three of eight studies with quantitative stigma measurement questionnaires had not been previously validated among people with TB. No qualitative studies used previously validated methods or tools to qualitatively evaluate stigma. On the basis of these findings, we generated a conceptual framework that mapped the population targeted, interventions delivered, and their potential effects on reducing TB-stigma towards and experienced by people with TB and healthcare workers involved in TB care. Conclusions Interpretation of the limited evidence on interventions to reduce TB-stigma is hampered by the heterogeneity of stigma measurement tools, intervention design, and outcome measures. Our novel conceptual framework will support mapping of the pathways to impacts of TB-stigma reduction interventions. Graphical Abstract

Indonesia's biomass energy potential is estimated at around 49,810 MW and is very adequate for the development go renewable energy. An example of a biomass conversion technique is pyrolysis which converts biomass into bio-oil. The optimum temperature for the pyrolysis process is 300-600 0C. Parameters that affect the pyrolysis process such as pretreatment of the material, moisture content and particle size of the material, the composition of biomass compounds, the effect of temperature, heating rate, gas flow rate, type of pyrolysis, and pyrolysis reactor. This is a thermochemical technique in which biomass waste is converted into solid fuel (char), producer gas (syngas), and liquid (bio-oil) without oxygen in a reactor. This article contains a comprehensive review of biomass conversion techniques to bio-oil using the solar energy-based fast pyrolysis method. Furthermore, the exposure used was based on the publication source, year, origin country, research methodology, and focus area. Most research has been empirical and mainly focused on fast pyrolysis and its influencing factors. There are several studies, information, and research recommendations described in this article.

The importance of essential metal ions and their metal complexes in the creation of prospective medical therapies has long been recognized. In chemistry, molecular biology, and medicinal fields; the interaction of metal complexes with DNA has been a subject of study. The dithiocarbamate essential metal complex is described extensively in the literature for its various benefits and advantages. With proper use of ligands, it is proven to increase the cytotoxic activity of metal complexes against cancer cells. Some researches have shown significant progress regarding the biological activities of the dithiocarbamate essential metal complex as antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer agents. Metal complexes form complexes with dithiocarbamate ligands with unique structural variations. In this study, we presented an overview of the cytotoxic effects of some dithiocarbamate essential metal complexes on cancer cells, as well as fresh approaches to the design of essential metal-based therapeutics containing dithiocarbamate and molecular targets in cancer therapy. This review may provide an update on recent developments in the medicinal use of essential metals with dithiocarbamate ligands, carried out to identify recent relevant literature. Finally, we predict that the essential metal complexed with dithiocarbamate can be a new breakthrough in the future development of cancer drugs.

A healthy lifestyle is an effort made to keep the body healthy and fit. One of the healthy lifestyles is consuming vegetables and fruit. In accordance with one of the goals of sustainable development (SDGs), namely a healthy and prosperous life and economic growth, the focus of this activity is on the health and welfare of the community by utilizing the processing of minasa leaves through diversification of miana leaves into various food preparations. This training was held in Sokkolia Village, Gowa Regency. Residents were given hands-on material and practice regarding miana leaf processing. After the training, a questionnaire was given to determine the participant's response to this training. The results of the questionnaire obtained an average score of 4.22. This means that the implementation of activities is in good criteria.

This recent study evaluated a hybrid solar-assisted heat pump dryer (HS-AHPD) for drying paddy and its product quality. R22 is used as a working fluid in the heat pump system during the drying experiment. The HS-AHPD decreased the paddy's weight from 420 kg (31.67% db) to 370.60 kg (16.18% db) in 5.5 h with an average air temperature of 62.9 °C and an average relative humidity of 16.1% at a mass flow rate of 0.195 kg/s. The average drying rate, specific moisture extraction rate (SMER), and specific energy consumption (SEC) were 8.34 kg/s, 0.44 kg/kWh, and 4.69 kWh/kg, respectively. The HS-AHPD's average thermal efficiency and the exergy efficiency of the drying section were found up to 29.1% and 18.4%, respectively. The furnace and the solar collector contributed 19.7% and 12.9% of energy to the HS-AHPD, respectively. The improvement potential (IP) was in the range of 628.8–824.4W. The drying resulted in higher-quality products due to higher head rice yield (93.10 ± 1.044%), lower broken rice (4.41 ± 0.737%), and lower rice grouts (1.11 ± 0.271%).

In this work, a plant-based resin gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) was prepared by stereolithography (SLA) 3D printing. Lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) with a concentration between 0 wt.% and 25 wt.% was added into the plant-based resin to observe its influence on electrical and structural characteristics. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis showed shifts in the carbonyl, ester, and amine groups, proving that complexation between the polymer and LiClO4 had occurred. GPEs with a 20 wt.% LiClO4 (S20) showed the highest room temperature conductivity of 3.05 × 10−3 S cm−1 due to the highest number of free ions as determined from FTIR deconvolution. The mobility of free ions in S20 electrolytes was also the highest due to greater micropore formation, as observed via field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images. Transference number measurements suggest that ionic mobility plays a pivotal role in influencing the conductivity of S20 electrolytes. Based on this work, it can be concluded that the plant-based resin GPE with LiClO4 is suitable for future electrochemical applications.

The objective of this study was to determine the reproductive performance of Kacang goats in a closed population area of Oro-Oro Farm located in Sawohan Village, Buduran Subdistrict, Sidoarjo Regency. We used 146 Kacang goat with a range of parity from 1 to > 7. Data analysis was carried out using the ANOVA test, Least Significant Difference (LSD) test, coefficient of variation test and descriptive test to measure litter size, pre-weaning mortality, kidding interval (KI), days open (DO) and Kacang goat reproduction index. The results showed that the highest litter size was 1.69 ± 0.63 at parity 6, the lowest pre-weaning mortality at parity > 7 was 11.76%, the shortest kidding interval and days open was at parity 4 for 7.35 ± 1.22 and 2.35 ± 1.22 months, respectively. The best Kacang goat reproduction index was 2.22 at parity 6 with coefficient of variation of 38.06%, 41.08% and 13.36% for litter size (LS), days open (DO), kidding interval (KI). Conclusively, there was a diverse reproductive performance of Kacang goats in the closed population area of Oro-Oro Farm located in Sawohan Village, Buduran Subdistrict, Sidoarjo Regency based on parity 1 to > 7, in which the higher the parity, the higher the reproductive performance. However, parity 5 onwards saw a declining reproductive performance due to weakened livestock conditions.

Abstract Aim The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between intake of vitamins B1, B6, B9 and B12 with emotional mental disorders among nurses in Indonesia. Design This cross‐sectional study included nurses who have worked at least six months at a private hospital in Indonesia from March to April 2021. Methods We used the Food Frequency Questionnaire, Self‐Reporting Questionnaire 20 and the Expanded Nursing Stress Scale questionnaire to assess the B‐vitamin intake, emotional mental disorders and work‐related stress. Results Of 80 interviewed nurses, 8.8% experienced severe work‐related stress, and 22.5% had emotional mental disorders. Most nurses had inadequate intake of vitamins B1 and B9 but had adequate intake of vitamins B6 (72.5%) and B12 (56.3%). Emotional mental disorders are more probably to occur in nurses with less intake of vitamins B6 and B12, with respective aOR of 20.06, 95% CI 4.14–97.09 (p

Abstract The application of gamified elements to PBL to promote student engagement has not been systematically described. Hence, we conducted a review based on Arksey and O’Malley’s five-stage scoping review framework, involving research question identification, relevant study identification, study selection, data charting, and result collating and reporting. We searched three databases using five search terms combined with a Boolean operator: “problem-based learning” AND “persuasive OR gamify OR gamification OR game”. The initial pool of 5532 sources was evaluated according to the eligibility criteria, and 14 original articles were selected for the final data extraction. A content analysis was performed, and several persuasive gamification elements for PBL were identified. The results were reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) flow diagram. The analysis unearthed six main categories of persuasive gamification elements, which have been proven to be effective in the achievement of learning outcomes: high-fidelity simulation, inquisitive exploration, collaborative learning, interactive instruction, guidance and feedback, and rewards. These findings highlight the persuasive gamify elements that can be incorporated to support the active learning and engagement of students in PBL, thus preparing them to be lifelong, self-directed learners.

The primary aim of this study was to utilize thermal energy for drying applications on March 21 (day of the year, n = 80) for the climatic weather conditions of Freetown, Sierra Leone. We evaluated the heat absorption of a double-pass solar air collector based on its configuration and exterior input variables before it was designed and mounted at the location of interest. This study considered a steady-state heat transfer using the thermal network procedure for thermodynamic modeling of a double-pass solar collector developed for drying and heating purposes. A mathematical model defining the thermophysical collector properties and many heat transfer coefficients is formed and numerically solved for this purpose. Indeed, this helped us generate the hourly temperature of different heat collector components, which aided in the performance evaluation of the system. The impact of the fluid flowing inside the collector on the temperature of the exit air was analyzed. It was observed that a flow rate of 0.02 kg/s produced an output of 91.72°C. The system's thermal efficiency improves with increased flow rate at various solar radiation intensities. It was observed that the thermal efficiency of the collector increases from 29% to 67% at flow rates of 0.01–0.3 kg/s. Collector lengths of 1.4 and 2.4 m are observed to be economically viable. An increase in the flow rate caused an increase on the efficiency. The hourly outputs for the collector components were represented graphically, and the curve patterns were similar to those of previous studies.

Molecular information using gene variants could support livestock selection to improve livestock productivity. This study aimed to identify the variants in part of the MSTN gene (part of the third exon coding region), a gene known for its significant effect on muscle growth. DNA was isolated from 95 Madura cattle blood samples collected in Pamekasan, Madura. PCR was used to amplify to MSTN region in part of the third exon, and one-way sequencing was conducted to obtain the sequence from the amplified product. Six SNPs were identified. Four SNPs were novel mutations, and the other two SNPs were recorded in the Ensembl database (rs466598800 and rs211583837). Among the identified novel mutations, one mutation in c.1301G/T caused a stop codon for the TT genotype cattle. However, no cattle carried the TT genotype. Three other mutations in c.1324, c.1373, and c.1399 were missense mutations that change the amino acids Q311L, A318P, and L335B, respectively. Most of the cattle had heterozygote genotypes for all the identified SNPs. It could also be noted that there were sequence differences in the part of the third exon identified between Madura cattle and Zebu cattle (by Tantia et al., 2006).

The performance of photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) type solar collectors can be optimised with the use of bifacial photovoltaic panel since it can utilise the absorbed incident solar irradiance from its front and rear surface. However, its potential is highly determined by the amount of the reflected solar irradiance onto the rear surface of the panel. In this research, we assessed the potential of a novel double pass photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) solar air collector using semi-transparent bifacial PV panel with compound parabolic concentrator and mirror reflector in Malaysia. The use of CPC and reflector was introduced to increase the amount of reflected light and hence increasing the efficiency of the collector. A mathematical model was developed, and validated o predict the performance of the solar collector. Using the validated mathematical model, the optimum mass flow rate of the bifacial PV/T collector with CPC and mirror reflector was found at 0.0589 kg/s. At this flow rate, when operated under the hot climate of Malaysia, the temperature output of as high as 51 °C is achievable implying its potential as a preheated air to regenerate desiccant materials in solar assisted cooling system and for agriculture drying application. Also, when compared with the bifacial PV/T solar collector without the CPC, the total energy useful was found almost 40% higher.