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The tempe industry is one of the most numerous industries in Indonesia, so there is a high opportunity for making tempeh juice in the tempe industry. The application of tempeh in the manufacture of tempeh essence drink with emprit ginger extract is expected to provide benefits to the tempe industry in Indonesia. Tempe juice drink is one of the processed food products made from tempeh. Tempe juice drink is added with emprit ginger extract to remove the unpleasant aroma from tempeh and give flavor to the tempeh juice drink. On manufacture Tempe juice drink Emprit ginger extract need addition material CMC stabilizer for increase stability and viscosity product . Study This aim To determine the economic feasibility, an economic analysis was carried out regarding the feasibility of applying tempeh juice in the tempe industry. The research begins with making assumptions and analyzing the parameters, components and cost structure, the need for investment funds and working capital. This parameter calculates projected production, revenue and cash flow. Determination of the economic feasibility of the Tempe juice drink with Emprit ginger extract with the Net Present Value (NPV), Incremental Rate of Return (IRR), Net B/C and Pay Back Period (PBP). The assumption of drinking tempeh juice with emprit ginger extract in a year is 45600 bottles at a price of IDR 10,000.00 / bottle . The proportion of capital comes from 60% own capital and 40% credit. The average operational cost per year is IDR 278.606.467.00, variable costs Rp 233.606.467.00, and a flat fee of Rp 45.000.000.00 . Average income per year Rp 319.200,000.00 while spending Rp 304.017.802.00. The profit earned is Rp 151.982.198. Sales profit 2 8.33 % with 15% tax per year. This business BEP occurs in sales with an average value of Rp. 151.982.198 or 33,33 % of production capacity per year. The results showed that the NPV was Rp 156.180.415, IRR is 53 %, and Net B/C is 1.82 times. Based on existing criteria or assumptions, this business is feasible to run with PBP for two years, or the capital invested in this business can be returned before the project ends (3 many years).

In the making of emprit ginger extract tempe beverage requires the addition of a stabilizer to increase the stability and viscosity of the product and each stabilizer has a different effect from one another. This study aims to determine the characteristics of gum arabic stabilizer, Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) and soy lecithin in emprit ginger extract tempe beverage used 0%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.7%, and 0.9% of each stabilizer. The observations were physical properties such as stability and viscosity and chemical analysis includes protein content, and pH value. This study used completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors (F1 is the type of stabilizer and F2 is the concentration of the stabilizer) and carried out with 3 replications. The obtained data was analyzed with ANOVA followed by Duncan's test. Decision system analysis was performed using the MADM-SAW method to obtain the best type and concentration of stabilizer. CMC was found out in the first rank of used stabilizers in 0.5% concentration with stability in 21%, viscosity was 2.17 poise, an ash content was 0.26%, protein content was 12.77%, and pH value was 6.2.

One of the social phenomena that occurs among Muslims today is interfaith marriage, which raises various pros and cons. This fact and discourse is still being discussed, especially with the application to the Constitutional Court (MK) to conduct a judicial review of the marriage law. However, the Constitutional Court rejected the application, and various parties were not satisfied with this decision because whether an interfaith marriage is valid is the domain of each religion. Normatively, the narrative of interfaith marriage has been mentioned in the Quran in Surah al-Baqarah verse 221. In the case of Rizky Febian's marriage to Mahalini, who was originally Hindu and has become a muallaf. The theological basis is still strong as a consideration for a Muslim when deciding to get married. This study will explore the interpretation of Quranic verses related to interfaith marriage from various mufassirs, which are also related to the Indonesian marriage law. As a literary research, the data used are the Quran, books of commentaries, laws on marriage, and articles relevant to this research. The results show that the scholars' interpretation suggests that interfaith marriage is forbidden. Even in the perspective of the state, interfaith marriage is still prohibited. Even so, some opinions allow believing men to marry women of the People of the Book but forbid women of other religions. Pernikahan beda agama merupakan fenomena sosial yang banyak terjadi di kalangan umat Islam saat ini, dan mempunyai kelebihan dan kekurangan. Fakta dan wacana tersebut masih menjadi perdebatan, khususnya dengan adanya permohonan uji materiil undang-undang perkawinan ke Mahkamah Konstitusi (MK). Namun Mahkamah Konstitusi menolak kasus tersebut dan banyak pihak yang tidak puas dengan putusan tersebut karena masing-masing agama menentukan boleh atau tidaknya pernikahan beda agama. Biasanya Al-Quran menyebutkan pernikahan beda agama dalam surat al-Baqarah ayat 221. Dalam kasus pernikahan Rizki Febrian dengan Mahallini yang awalnya beragama Hindu dan kemudian menjadi muallaf, jelas bahwa pertimbangan teologis tetap penting bagi umat Islam dalam memilih untuk menikah. Kajian ini akan melihat bagaimana berbagai mufassir memahami teks-teks Alquran tentang pernikahan beda agama, yang juga relevan dengan hukum pernikahan di Indonesia. Sebagai penelitian kepustakaan, data yang digunakan adalah Alquran, tafsir, hukum perkawinan, dan artikel yang relevan dengan pembahasan. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa penafsiran para ulama menyatakan bahwa pernikahan beda agama dilarang. Dalam pandangan negara, pernikahan beda agama masih dilarang. Meskipun demikian, sebagian orang berpendapat bahwa laki-laki boleh menikahi wanita yang Ahli Kitab tetapi tidak boleh menikahi wanita yang beragama lain.

Desa di dataran tinggi, digambarkan oleh Hüsken (1998), sebagai wilayah yang kompetitif, dimana anggota masyarakatnya -petani- saling bersaing satu sama lain. Para petani saling berkompetisi untuk menjadi yang terkuat meski harus mengorbankan yang lain. Situasi ini menempatkan petani menjadi makluk yang sangat rasional, jauh dari anggapan umum roamantisme kehidupan desa yang penuh solidaritas dan saling tolong menolong. Tulisan ini berusaha untuk melihat transformasi ekonomi pedesaan yang belakangan ternyata, tidak hanya berkiblat pada industri pertanian, tapi juga pariwisata. Kami berangkat dari permasalahan, apakah transformasi mata pencaharian di pedesaan, dengan perluasan sektor usaha di desa, mampu mendorong keterlibatan lebih banyak petani, dan sekaligus mengurangi semangat kompetisi yang ada? Sekilas temuan lapangan memperlihatkan bahwa perluasan sektor usaha di desa tidak serta merta memberikan kesempatan bagi petani yang sudah tereksklusi untuk dapat ambil bagian dalam bisnis baru -pariwisata- ini. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode observasi partisipasi dan wawancara di sebuah desa dataran tinggi, Desa Rejo, yang sedang mengalami transformasi dari sektor pertanian ke sektor pariwisata. Kata kunci: petani dataran tinggi, transformasi mata pencaharian, diversifikasi ekonomi.

The LGBT Problem is a hotly vulnerable discussion in 2021-2024. This is marked by the emergence of many movements from activists and sympathizers of LGBT supporters who ask for their rights in public spaces, such as the rights of society in general. The presence of a movement that advocates equality for LGBT people has a close relationship with the people of Prophet Lut (‘Alaih As-Salam), who have a different sexual orientation from humans in general, which in Arabic, is called liwatat (sodomy). The campaign effort was then carried out openly in the public. This study aims to analyze the practice of LGBT from an Islamic perspective based on the Quranic chapter Al-A‘raf verses 80-81. The results showed that the emergence of LGBT movements and campaigns today are an inseparable part of the story of Prophet Lut’s society, which has an unusual sexual orientation. The condition is caused by environmental, psychological, and theological factors. The rise of efforts to voice the equality of Human Rights openly has an impact on society in various aspects, including in the elements of health, society, education, and security. Thus, preventive solutions are needed to fend off the LGBT behaviour such as through education of faith and Islamic SharÊ‘ah, besides moral, psychiatric, social and sexual education.

The COVID-19 pandemic poses ongoing challenges to the sustainability of various socioeconomic sectors, including agriculture, the food supply chain, the food business, and environmental sustainability. This study employs data obtained from the World Health Organization (WHO), and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), as well as scientific and technical research publications, to evaluate the impacts of COVID-19 on agriculture and food security. This article seeks to highlight the profound influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on agriculture, the supply and demand of food, and the overall safety of food. The article also explores the several pathways by which COVID-19 can be transmitted in these areas and the various technologies employed for its detection. The ongoing and post-pandemic ramifications are substantial since they could decrease agricultural output due to limitations on migration, a downturn in international trade, less buying capacity, and disturbances in food production and processing. Therefore, based on this thorough investigation, recommendations are issued for mitigating and controlling the pandemic's effects.

The moral of Mahmudah is an important point in the tradition of Islamic thought that has been explained in depth by the Islamic philosopher Ibn Miskawaih. According to him, mahmudah morality refers to the noble and noble qualities that individuals strive for to achieve happiness and peace in life in this world and the hereafter. This study analyzes good behavior in Islamic psychology from the point of view of Ibn Miskawaih. In this study, the author used Library Research and used descriptive methods of analysis to understand Ibn Miskawaih's views on good behavior. According to Islamic psychology, individual behavior is influenced by mental and psychological aspects. Analysis of behavioral treatment in Islamic psychology shows that the concept of mahmudah morality plays an important role in shaping human behavior. The results of Ibn Miskawaih's Akhlak mahmudah are divided into several points: First, Encourage humans to behave well, Second, establish good relationships with humans, and Third, Build strong character through good character can help individuals overcome the challenges of daily life and Fourth, maintain balance in various aspects of life.

In the context of evolving legal frameworks, this research investigates the changing dynamics of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO)-government relationships in Jordan. Employing a critical methodology, the study conducts in-depth interviews with NGO board members to gain insights into these intricate interactions. The primary findings highlight significant demands within the NGO sector. Firstly, there is a call for a streamlined process for registering new NGOs, aimed at reducing bureaucratic obstacles and promoting organizational agility. Secondly, respondents emphasize the need to curtail government intervention in the NGO domain, advocating for a more autonomous civil society. Concurrently, there is a push for expanding the operational scope of NGOs, freeing them from unnecessary constraints. These demands collectively signify a transformation in the typology of the NGO-government relationship, moving away from traditional autonomy and competition towards a paradigm characterized by complementarity, collaboration, and direct engagement. This shift has notable implications for NGO governance, impacting communication styles and facilitating the flow of foreign funds. In essence, this research offers a glimpse into the evolving NGO-government relationship and its potential to enhance the efficiency and resilience of NGOs in Jordan, reflecting broader global trends in governance and civil society.

This study examines the relationship between the types of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology employed and monitoring tax payments. A thorough literature review is conducted to examine different AI technologies in the context of tax administration. These include machine learning algorithms (MLA), natural language processing (NLP) technology, robotic process automation (RPA), explainable artificial intelligence (XAI), and advanced data analytics techniques (DAT). A variety of technologies, such as big data analytics, task automation, task automation, unstructured data analysis, and predictive modeling, are available to improve tax payment monitoring procedures. Recommendations for further study to expand our knowledge and use of AI in tax payment monitoring are included, along with the consequences of AI adoption for tax authorities, policymakers, and practitioners.

This study aims to develop a teaching module with a guided inquiry model based on blended learning (GIbBL) that can be applied in the independent curriculum. This kind of research uses the ADDIE development paradigm, which consists of the following steps: 1) Analysis, 2) Design, (3) Development, 4) Implementation, and 5) Evaluation. Due to time constraints, the teaching module in this study was only develop to the development stage. The feasibility of the teaching modules was assessed through expert validation tests and practicality tests, which involved gathering responses from research subjects. The subjects of this study were physics teachers and students of class XI SMAN 7 Banda Aceh. The data collection technique employed in this study utilized a questionnaire instrument, comprising a material and learning design expert validation questionnaire, as well as a teacher and student response questionnaire. Data analysis involved percentage descriptive analysis. The results of the material expert validation test demonstrated a percentage of 93,25%, while the learning design expert validation test yielded 91,5%, both falling within the "very valid" category. Furthermore, the teacher response test resulted in a percentage of 96,2%, and the student response test amounted to 88%, both categorized as "very good." Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that the guided inquiry based on blended learning (GIbBL) teaching module is deemed feasible for application in the learning process within an independent curriculum.

The unique physiochemical features and varied production techniques of metal-organic framework (MOF) materials have piqued the scientific community's interest in solar cell research. Using MOF materials can enhance the stability and photovoltaic performance of the resulting optoelectronic devices. Recent notable breakthroughs in solar cells using MOFs, such as dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), perovskite solar cells (PSCs), and others, are summarized and generalized in this study. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) for DSSCs reached 7.03% and perovskites solar cells 25.6% when MOF-based nanomaterials were used recently. The goal of this brief overview is to increase knowledge of material characteristics and to open up new avenues for material use in the future.

Eugenol, a primary component of clove oil, is a compound of considerable interest in medicinal chemistry due to its demonstrated potential as an effective agent in various therapeutic applications. In this study, a series of eugenol derivatives were designed and synthesized based on the hybridization of eugenol with 1,2,3-triazole and chalcone moieties. Compound 5j and 5k were denoted as lead structures against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Shikimate Kinase (MtSK). Moreover, the docking studies indicated that both the eugenol and triazole fragments in compound 5j and 5k played a pivotal role in the inhibition activity of MtSK, owing to their binding interactions with Arg58, Pro118, and Arg136 residues. Furthermore, in silico drug-likeness prediction analysis suggested that the majority of the synthesized compounds exhibit good oral bioavailability based on their molecular properties and Lipinski’s Rule of Five predictions.

This experiment aimed to investigate the impact of varying fiber lengths on the flexural strength of coconut fiber composites with epoxy resin. Coconut fiber composite panels were produced using rectangular molds. The effects of various fiber sizes, especially 2, 4, and 6 mm, respectively, were compared with fiberless and continuous fiber polymer composites on the flexural strength of Natural Fiber-reinforced Polymer Composites (NFPC). The lowest flexural strength is 10.04 MPa, was obtained for the NFPC sample with a fiber length of 2 mm, while the highest flexural strength value was 10.70 MPa with a fiber length of 6 mm. Generally, flexural strength is influenced by variations in fiber size but not significantly. The flexural modulus and flexural strength values exhibit the same trend. Fiber pullouts are visible on the fracture surface of the sample, and voids in the form of trapped gas are also apparent on the sample surface. Short fiber size is one of the causes of fiber pullout, which can reduce the flexural strength of short fiber polymers.

Mathematical reasoning is one of the five fundamental mathematical abilities that students need to master. The ability of mathematical reasoning is required by students to solve numeracy literacy problems. One of the factors influencing students' mathematical reasoning abilities is their reflective-impulsive cognitive style. This research aims to describe students' mathematical reasoning abilities in solving numeracy literacy problems in terms of the reflective-impulsive cognitive style. The research adopts a qualitative approach, with 6 students from class 9B at SMP Al Falah Ketintang Surabaya selected using purposive sampling. The research instruments include the MFFT cognitive style test sheet, numeracy literacy test sheet, and an interview guide that has been validated by three validators. Data analysis techniques involve data collection, data condensation, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Based on the analysis and discussion, it is concluded that the mathematical reasoning abilities of students with a reflective cognitive style, particularly in the indicator of performing mathematical manipulations, are not yet well fulfilled. Similarly, the mathematical reasoning abilities of students with an impulsive cognitive style, especially in the indicator of constructing evidence and providing reasons/evidence for the correctness of the solution, are not yet well fulfilled. The mathematical reasoning abilities of students with both reflective and impulsive cognitive styles in solving numeracy literacy problems are more dominant in the moderate and low categories.

The inventory model is used to determine the optimal inventory of a product. In certain cases, parameters in the inventory model are uncertain. Fractal interpolation techniques can be used to overcome parameter with uncertainty. Fractal interpolation results are affected by the fractal interpolation function and the vertical scaling factor. The vertical scaling factor is positive and less than 1. In this study, fractal interpolation techniques are introduced with variations in vertical scaling factor to overcome the uncertainty of demand data in inventory models. Furthermore, the interpolation results are used in fuzzy inventory models and expressed by Trapezoidal Fuzzy Number. This paper considers an inventory model with varying demand to optimize rice inventory. Based on the data obtained, the accuracy level will increase for the vertical scaling factor values close to 1. Optimal rice inventory of each successive fuzzy parameter is 1447963, 1013914, 504950, 215312. If the cost parameter is increased, then the amount of inventory is decreases.

Abstract The non-biodegradable nature of waste emitted from the agriculture and industrial sector contaminates freshwater reserves. Fabrication of highly effective and low-cost heterogeneous photocatalysts is crucial for sustainable wastewater treatment. The present research study aims to construct a novel photocatalyst using a facile ultrasonication-assisted hydrothermal method. Metal sulphides and doped carbon support materials work well to fabricate hybrid sunlight active systems that efficiently harness green energy and are eco-friendly. Boron-doped graphene oxide-supported copper sulphide nanocomposite was synthesized hydrothermally and was assessed for sunlight-assisted photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye. BGO/CuS was characterized through various techniques such as SEM–EDS, XRD, XPS, FTIR, BET, PL, and UV–Vis DRS spectroscopy. The bandgap of BGO-CuS was found to be 2.51 eV as evaluated through the tauc plot method. The enhanced dye degradation was obtained at optimum conditions of pH = 8, catalyst concentration (20 mg/100 mL for BGO-CuS), oxidant dose (10 mM for BGO-CuS), and optimum time of irradiation was 60 min. The novel boron-doped nanocomposite effectively degraded methylene blue up to 95% under sunlight. Holes and hydroxyl radicals were the key reactive species. Response surface methodology was used to analyze the interaction among several interacting parameters to remove dye methylene blue effectively.

Due to their exceptional optoelectronic properties, halide perovskites have emerged as prominent materials for the light-absorbing layer in various optoelectronic devices. However, to increase device performance for wider adoption, it is essential to find innovative solutions. One promising solution is incorporating carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which have shown remarkable versatility and efficacy. In these devices, CNTs serve multiple functions, including providing conducting substrates and electrodes and improving charge extraction and transport. The next iteration of photovoltaic devices, metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs), holds immense promise. Despite significant progress, achieving optimal efficiency, stability, and affordability simultaneously remains a challenge, and overcoming these obstacles requires the development of novel materials known as CNTs, which, owing to their remarkable electrical, optical, and mechanical properties, have garnered considerable attention as potential materials for highly efficient PSCs. Incorporating CNTs into perovskite solar cells offers versatility, enabling improvements in device performance and longevity while catering to diverse applications. This article provides an in-depth exploration of recent advancements in carbon nanotube technology and its integration into perovskite solar cells, serving as transparent conductive electrodes, charge transporters, interlayers, hole-transporting materials, and back electrodes. Additionally, we highlighted key challenges and offered insights for future enhancements in perovskite solar cells leveraging CNTs.

The purpose of this study was to describe the development of 4C skills (Communication, Collaboration, Creativity, and Critical Thinking) through psychomotor assessment techniques in three visionary schools, namely SMPN 1 Gresik, SMPN 2 Mojokerto, and SMPN 4 Jombang. This research used a descriptive qualitative method. The research instruments consisted of interview sheets and observation guidelines. The research indicator refers to activities how as observation, practice, project, and produce products. The technique of data collection was through the interview and learning observation. Triangulation of research data used the source and technique. The research used technique analysis in data reduction, data categorization, data presentation, and data conclusion. The result showed that the development of 4C skills (Communication, Collaboration, Creativity, and Critical Thinking) done by teachers consisted of observation with 11 activities, practice with 17 activities, product with 25 activities, and project with 13 activities) where each indicator was done in 6 stages of activities, namely stimulus, planning, action, evaluation, monitoring, and follow-up activities. Besides, the technique of psychomotor assessment used in learning inside and outside class was rubric, anecdote, and checklist.

This study emphases on the top management empowerments to internal auditors, namely, general qualification, electronic qualification and independence, affecting quality of electronic internal audits in the Jordanian Listed Service Companies. This paper used 144 usable questionnaires from internal auditors in the Jordanian listed service companies. The gathered data were analysed utilizing ``Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS)''. The results reveal that general qualification, electronic qualification and independence have a significant effect on the quality of electronic internal audits, as supported by the resource-based view. Due to the importance of the service companies’ sector in the context of Jordan, the results are helpful for the internal audit profession and decision makers in offering new legislation for the internal audit profession. Future research may consider other factors that may hinder the quality of electronic internal audits, such as audit task complexity or organizational culture.

Despite tax being a fundamental method to redistribute wealth and achieve a sustainable economic and social system, tax agencies and institutions in most countries are struggling with low tax collections. This issue is often attributed to the level of compliance among taxpayers. To gain more insight into this problem, a study was conducted to examine how socio-economic determinants such as probability of detection, tax complexity, tax penalty, tax sanctions, tax ethics, tax justice, government spending, and tax services quality impact VAT compliance decisions. The study drew a random sample of 770 retail industry participants from Jordan, an Arabic country, for a self-administered survey. Smart-PLS structural equation modeling was used to analyze and estimate the compliance model. The results indicated that all proposed direct relationships were supported, and the interactions between tax knowledge and the socio-economic determinants on VAT compliance were found to be significant. The findings of this research can be useful for policymakers and institutions responsible for taxpayers' communities to understand the role of tax knowledge in VAT compliance in the retail industry. The study emphasizes the significance of instilling tax knowledge, social and moral values among VAT payers, establishing an equitable system, and launching awareness programs in Jordanian society. Additionally, it contributes to existing literature by confirming a practical compliance model rooted in the socio-economic theory of regulatory compliance. This model incorporates the moderating effect of tax knowledge within socio-economic aspects of VAT compliance. By understanding the importance of tax knowledge, policymakers and institutions can develop effective strategies to boost VAT funds and improve compliance in the retail industry. This can ultimately lead to increased government revenues without placing an undue economic burden on lower-income taxpayers.

Some cyanobacteria acclimate to far-red light by integrating chlorophyll f into their photosystems. Additional chlorophylls typically slow down charge separation but here the authors show that charge separation in chlorophyll-f-containing Photosystem II is faster in the presence of red-shifted allophycocyanin antennas.

Objective: The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of various types of foot ulcers among diabetic patients and their association with age and gender. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the Medicine Department of Pakistan July to December 2019. A total of 133 diabetic patients presenting at the study site for foot ulcer treatment were recruited. The foot ulcers were classified as neuropathic, ischemic ulcer, or neuroischemic, and the severity/degree of the ulcer was determined using an internally developed ten points scoring system. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. Results: There was a high prevalence of neuropathic ulcers (69.2%) among the enrolled diabetic patients, followed by ischemic ulcer (33.1%) and neuroischemic (24.8%). The mean neuropathic scores were significantly high among males (4.84 ± 2.09) than females (4.02 ± 1.78) (p=0.02). It was also higher in those aged 50 years or greater (4.76 ± 1.91) as compared to those with less than 50 years of age (3.79 ± 2.24) (p=0.036). Conclusion: The most prevalent type of diabetic foot ulcer was the neuropathic type. Increased severity of these foot ulcers was observed with advancing age.

Financial system stability is not only supported by the banking sector, but also the role of insurance companies that operate efficiently. The study aims to analyze the efficiency performance of general insurance companies using two stages of data envelopment analysis during the 2017 – 2018 period. The first stage of efficiency measurement using a non-parametric data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach shows the efficiency level of general insurance companies experiencing a positive trend. The performance of general insurance companies in 2018 was more efficient than in 2017 based on the value of technical efficiency (CRS) and the value of pure technical efficiency (VRS). This means that in general there has been an increase in the efficiency of general insurance companies in Indonesia from 2017 to 2018. Testing the efficiency determinants in the second stage using the Tobit regression model found that the cost ratio is the only factor that significantly influences the efficiency level of general insurance companies in Indonesia. Meanwhile, company ownership and investment adequacy ratio have no significant effect on the efficiency level of general insurance companies in Indonesia. The results of the study provide recommendations to the management of general insurance companies that efficiency performance has not reached the maximum, and to improve it, it is necessary to control costs without disturbing routine operations and development activities.

Abstract A novel synthetic compound from the 2-benzoyl-6-benzylidenecyclohexanone analogue, namely 2-benzoyl-6-(3-bromo-4-hydroxybenzylidene)cyclohexen-1-ol (BBHC), showed pronounced nitric oxide inhibition in IFN-γ/LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Based on this previous finding, our present study aimed to investigate the antinociceptive effects of BBHC via chemical and thermal stimuli in vivo. The investigation of the antinociceptive activity of BBHC (0.1, 0.3, 1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg, i.p.) was initiated with 3 preliminary screening tests, then BBHC was subjected to investigate its possible involvement with excitatory neurotransmitters and opioid receptors. The potential acute toxicity of BBHC administration was also studied. Administration of BBHC significantly inhibited acetic acid-induced abdominal constrictions, formalin-induced paw licking activity and developed notable increment in the latency time. BBHC’s ability to suppress capsaicin- and glutamate-induced paw licking activities, as well as to antagonise the effect of naloxone, had indicated the possible involvement of its antinociception with TRPV1, glutamate and opioid receptors, respectively. The antinociceptive activities of BBHC was not related to any sedative action and no evidence of acute toxic effect was detected. The present study showed that BBHC possessed significant peripheral and central antinociceptive activities via chemical- and thermal-induced nociceptive murine models without any locomotor alteration and acute toxicity.

Menentukan sumber pembelajaran pendukung yang efektif dalam E-Learning merupakan suatu permasalahan yang kompleks, karena keputusan yang diberikan untuk berbagai kriteria yang ditujukan untuk memberi prioritas kepada alternatif yang digunakan. Pendekatan Fuzzy-Analytic Hierarchy Process (Fuzzy AHP) termasuk salah satu prosedur yang bisa menjadi solusi dari permasalahan ini. Metode ini dapat digunakan untuk menentukan keputusan dalam penaksiran kepada kriteria yang sudah ada sebelumnya. Dari perhitungan pengujian yang dilakukan, YouTube mendapat peringkat tertinggi yang lalu dibawahnya diikuti oleh Google, Brainly, dan yang terakhir Slide Player. Dari perhitungan tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa YouTube bisa dijadikan sebagai sumber pembelajaran pendukung dalam sistem pembelajaran E-Learning.

Understanding Hadith and Its Implications on the Religious Practices of the Tablighi Jamaat (Study of Living Hadith in Bengkulu City) This study was conducted to find out how the Tablighi Jamaat's understanding of the Sunnah of the Prophet and to describe the practice of the Prophet's traditions among the Tablighi Jamaat. The type of this research is a field research that used a phenomenological approach with a qualitative descriptive method. Research informants are members of the Tablighi Jamaat who were randomly selected based on their needs. In order to obtain the data in this study, the researcher used direct observation methods, extracting the information through interview and documentation based. The research findings confirmed that the Tablighi Jamaat defined the term of sunnah tends to lead to the definition that narrated by Hadith scholars. The definition of hadith in question is all things that are relied on the Prophet Muhammad either when he has been appointed as a prophet or afterward (Qabla al-Bi’stah ay Ba’dahu), including every word and deed, nature and things. Therefore, there is an understanding that the Tablighi Jamaat becomes necessary to follow everything that came from the Prophet Muhammad. Those all were stated as sunnah, even though the practice of the Prophet Muhammad was in the capacity of an ordinary human being. In general, the Tablighi Jamaat used the works of Maulana Muhammad Zakaria Yusuf al-Kandahlawi and Maaulana Muhammad Yusuf al-Kandahlawi as references in worships and charity. Moreover, the Muntakhab Ahadis and Fadhail A’mal books are the main consumption in every taklim and recitation activities (read; bayan) of the congregation. However, not all congregations knew and even memorized the hadiths that used as evidence in doing charity

The thermodynamics lecture process in odd semester 2019/2020 at the Physics Education Department of FKIP Unsyiah is divided into three stages based on the lecture method used, namely; (1) lecture method, virtual experiments, and discussions, (2) assignments and group presentations, and (3) innovative discussions inspired by the idea of ​​a “Guru Penggerak.” Modification from the innovation of the discussion method is carried out by the strategy of (a) not limiting the topic of discussion, (b) online discussion using WhatsApp (WA) group lectures. The study was conducted to determine the response of students to the innovations carried out. The research results are used to develop lecture method innovations, to improve the quality of the lecture process. Students’ perceptions of the ability of lecturers, the activeness of learning, the environment of learning, and the absorption of lecture material are the problems examined in this study. The research method used was quasi-experimental, and the student perception data were obtained using a questionnaire given to 20 students as respondents. In addition, qualitative methods are used to analyze student perception data. The analysis results used a score on a scale of 1-4, obtained an average score of students’ perceptions of the ability of lecturers by 3.78, learning activeness 3.15, learning environment 3.43, and absorption of lecture material 3.49. The conclusion is that lecturers’ ability to manage lectures is excellent, students are active in lectures, the learning environment is pleasant, and absorption of higher lecture material. Therefore, discussion method innovation can be developed to enrich the learning method to improve the quality of the Thermodynamics lecture process.

Motorcycles are considered as one of the extreme modes of conveyance contributing to road accidents. Reports revealed that the number of deaths caused by motorcycles is significantly higher than by any other means of transportation. A large percentage of motorcycle accidents occurred mainly due to human behaviour. The objectives of this paper are to unveil and analyse certain behavioural patterns of riders influencing the motorcycle mishaps through literature reviews on various aspects of riding behaviours including the lack of visibility and alertness, and speeding issues. This is important for a comprehensive and broad understanding of the riders' behavioural and performance traits associated with speeding, visibility, and alertness issues. Thus, collisions due to these issues may be avoided. This study summarizes 104 selected articles published in Springer, Elsevier, Tylor & Francis, IEEE, US Patent, WHO and others, distributed over the year of 1981 to 2019, which were further separated into four classes; 22 articles (21%) on the speeding issues, 25 articles (24%) on the visibility issues, 24 articles (23%) related to alertness issues, and 33 articles (32%) comprising of other studies related to motorcycles. All these research papers highlighted the ways to reduce the risks from speeding and to improve the visibility and alertness of motorcycle riders. As a conclusion, the study found that by applying the Intelligent Transport System (ITS) in motorcycles, road accidents may be reduced. It is also well noticed that the headlight of motorcycle and the use of fluorescent jacket increase the conspicuity of a motorcyclist. Moreover, the Daytime Running Light (DRL) of a motorcycle may also reduce accidents. It is also noted that the use of sensors on steering wheel increases the alertness of drivers. Finally, a framework to gain an improved understanding on the motorcycle riders' behaviour related issues and the ways to handling them were recommended. On top of that, this study had also suggested a new technological utilisation to improve the management of speeding, visibility and alertness issues. Provided that these concerns are addressed, a drop in the number of accident occurrences is possible.

Globally, as many as 50 million road users are injured in road traffic crashes and about 1.35 million of them die. Between 2002 and 2030, global deaths resulting from injuries caused by road traffic accidents are predicted to increase by over 40%. Speeding has a relatively eminent relationship with accident involvement and severity. The experiences of pioneers have revealed that the intelligent speed adaptation (ISA) system reasonably has brought a promising future to speed management and road safety. The findings from the earlier studies disclose that the effect of the advisory ISA on drivers’ behavior, particularly their driving speed choice, is positive and that it is the most desirable system among the drivers. Nevertheless, the system does not have a long-lasting effect, and when the system is removed or deactivated, the effect gradually disappears. Speed limit compliance index (SLCI) is a conceptual method in the form of a novel performance-based indicator and a mathematical formulation that would be potentially a feasible solution to address the abovementioned defect, and it could be an effective countermeasure to improve the efficiency of such a system. This study mainly aims to discuss and illustrate the structure of this method.

Traffic volume is the most common factor associated with road traffic crash frequency. Use of aggregate volume measures may lead to biased prediction of crash frequencies. Disaggregate analysis that involve hourly volumes can better explain this effect. In low and middle-income countries traffic mix may vary with respect to direction of travel on a road and such variation in proportion leads to crashes and conflicts among crossing vehicles at unsignalized intersections. This paper aims to explore the above relationship in the context of three-leg unsignalized intersections in Malaysia. First exploratory analysis of geometric and traffic variables was performed and their relationship with the crash frequency and type of conflicts was examined. Then probability of crashes was calculated with respect to the percentage of motorcycles that moved in a certain direction and proportion between volume in each direction. Segregation of the data with respect to traffic direction and traffic mix indicated that sites with less percentage of motorcycles moving in the far side direction experienced more crashes as compared to sites with greater percentage of motorcycles moving in the far side direction, given the condition that the volume ratio between each direction was larger than one. Results showed that the chances of crashes and serious conflicts increased upto 25% and 67% respectively; as the percentage of motorcycles that moved in the far side direction decreased from 31%, subject to the condition that the ratio of volume between each direction remained greater than one. It was concluded that traffic mix and traffic volume together influence the crash frequency at unsignalized intersections.

The aim of this paper was to examine the effect of managerial/board gender diversity and corporate governance structure on firm performance in a Jordanian business environment—a developing economy that has a distinct environment from that of developed economies. The current study focuses on the unique context of an emerging economy (i.e., Jordan). Data were collected from nonfinancial companies listed on the Amman Stock Exchange from 2018 to 2020. Data analysis was carried out using the random-effects estimator, which was considered as the most suitable for this study. The results disclose that female representation on the board of executives of Jordanian companies had a positive but insignificant effect on corporate performance, as measured by the return on equity, indicating that this variable has no effect on the performance of firms in Jordan. Both family ownership and board size had negative significant effects on performance, but for the moderating effect, corporate governance structure had no effect on the relationship among CEO duality, institution ownership, government ownership, independent directors, and firm performance. The current study only focused on Jordanian industrial firms listed on ASE, thus rendering the findings nongeneralizable to other sectors and nations. Further investigations are urged to broaden the context of the study to achieve more enriched findings. Managers can use the findings to achieve a deeper understanding of the way governance structure affects firm performance. Additionally, regulators at the Jordan Securities Commission can attain valuable insight about the adequacy of the current regulations regarding the role of gender diversity and corporate governance structure in Jordan. The current study contributes to the literature concerning the effect of managerial gender diversity and corporate governance structure on performance. Furthermore, this investigation aims to fill the current research gap in the context of Jordan, which is an emerging economy in the Arab region that is under-represented in this field of research.

The present study aimed to adopt the extended theory of planned behavior (TPB) to determine the intentions of owner-managers in SMEs towards engaging in sales tax compliance. The study distributed a total of 660 questionnaire copies through systematic random sampling to the mangers/owners of Jordanian manufacturing SMEs, from which 385 questionnaire copies were retrieved and considered useable and appropriate for further analysis. The study made use of Partial-Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) for the validation of the measurement model and structural model, and to establish the predictive relevance of the proposed model. Based on the obtained findings, the attitude towards behavior, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and patriotism were significant determinants of the intentions towards engaging in sales tax compliance among the examined enterprises.

Al-Qur’an adalah representasi dari penjelmaan pesan-pesan universal Tuhan kepada hamba, hadir dalam bentuk teks verbal yang teraplikasikan dengan simbol-simbol bunyi yang mewakili firman Allah swt kepada Nabi Muhammad saw dengan menggunakan bahasa Arab. Sebagai wahyu dan petunjuk hidup bagi manusia, setiap muslim harus membaca, mehamami isinya serta mengaplikasikannya dalam kehidupan. Pembacaan yang dilakukan tentunya akan melahirkan pemahaman yang setiap muslim satu sama lainnya cenderung tidak sama. Hal ini menjadi niscaya karena terkait perbedaan kemampuan dan intensitas dalam membacanya. Dari pemahaman yang berbeda tadi, masing-masing juga akan melahirkan perilaku yang beragam pula Studi Living Al-Qur’an pada Praktek Quranic Healing Kota Bengkulu (Analisis Deskriptif terhadap Penggunaan Ayat-ayat Al-Qur’an) sebagai bentuk tafsir al-Qur’an dalam praksis kehidupan, baik pada wilayah teologis filosofis, psikologis maupun kultural.

The present study focuses on the possible involvement of l-arginine-nitric oxide-cGMP-ATP-sensitive K+ channel pathway in the antinociceptive activity of a novel diarylpentanoid analogue, 2-benzoyl-6-(3-bromo-4-hydroxybenzylidene)cyclohexen-1-ol (BBHC) via a chemical nociceptive model in mice. The antinociceptive action of BBHC (1 mg/kg, i.p.) was attenuated by the intraperitoneal pre-treatment of l-arginine (a nitric oxide synthase precursor) and glibenclamide (an ATP-sensitive K+ channel blocker) in acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction tests. Interestingly, BBHC’s antinociception was significantly enhanced by the i.p. pre-treatment of 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), a selective inhibitor of soluble guanylyl cyclase (p < 0.05). Altogether, these findings suggest that the systemic administration of BBHC is able to establish a significant antinociceptive effect in a mice model of chemically induced pain. BBHC’s antinociception is shown to be mediated by the involvement of l-arginine-nitric oxide-cGMP-ATP-sensitive K+ channel pathway, without any potential sedative or muscle relaxant concerns.

Despite the many road safety initiatives introduced in the state of Penang in Malaysia, the results have not been encouraging. This is especially critical when the expectation of the Decade of Action for Road Safety is to halve all road safety performance by the year 2020. The conventional intervention-based approach has been proven to have limited success and potential for the expected more drastic results. A critical analysis on the matter suggested that the passion for road safety results had dwindled as many players approach them as only processes that may not necessarily provide us with aspired road safety outcomes. This paper discusses the development of Road Safety Strategic Plan for Penang State through the outcome based approach. This pioneering effort begins by defining the appropriate goals for 2020 and followed by describing four principal strategic pillars. The pillars are changing attitude, forgiving roads, safer for motorcycles and enabling data and information. Each pillar has its own targeted outcomes, making a total of 28 outcomes identified. The appropriate activities and interventions in order to achieve the outcome were also recommended. The remainder of the paper also discusses the implementation plan suggested to the authorities and decision makers and other players in order to achieve the road safety targeted outcomes. Early results will also be highlighted in the paper.

Tax compliance is an issue that can be traced back to the introduction of taxes, which is the reason such compliance remains a significant topic in the current literature of academia and practice. Prior studies on the topic of tax compliance or non-compliance can be categorized into two, namely economic and social/psychological theories. In a more serious note, tax evasion has remained a key issue among governments all over the globe, with Jordan being no exception. Jordan has undertaken different fiscal measures to increase compliance in the domestic front in the past decades, but based on annual reports, the country is still experiencing a considerable increase in net public debt and fiscal deficit that can be traced back to the increased tax non-compliance rate. This is specifically true in the case of sales tax in Jordan. To compound the matter further, literature concerning the determinants of sales tax compliance as well as other determinants that drive non-compliance is still scarce, with a universal tax compliance model able to explain the issue with clarity still being elusive. Hence, this work proposed the determinants of sales tax compliance in the context of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Jordan, extending Fischer’s model of tax compliance, and adding the moderating role of tax knowledge and direct effect of tax service quality. This study proposed a model encapsulating the social, psychological and economic factors to provide insight into the sales tax compliance of Jordanian SMEs.

This study explain about applying of ta’zir in the form of death penalty to misdemeanor narcotic seller perspective Islamic law. While, the metodologi in this study used descriptive analysis to explain syariah propositions and argument of muslim scholars. The results of this study reveal thatmuslim scholarscompromised to enable applyingof ta’zir in the form of death penalty to misdemeanor narcotic seller were caused there is compatibility among penalty and deed of misdemeanor also impact of that crime. Besides, applyingof death penalty to narcotic seller perspective Islamic lawnot to controvert with human rights is right to life. That penalty believed can be chary effect for civil society for not to do similar misdemeanor. Misdemeanor narcotic is one of extraordinary crime. So, needed the best treatment to minimize flare of narcotic circle in young generation. Kajian ini menjelaskan tentang penerapan ta’zir dalam bentuk hukuman mati terhadap pelaku tindak pidana penjualan narkotika dalam perspektif syariah Islam. Sedangkan metodologi yang digunakan dalam kajian ini analisis deskriptif untuk menerangkan dalil-dalil syar’i dan argumentasi para ulama.Adapun hasil yang ditemukan dalam kajian ini mengungkap bahwa para ulama Islam bersepakat membolehkan penerapan ta’zir dalam bentuk hukuman mati terhadap pelaku tindak pidana penjualan narkotika, hal ini dikarenakan terdapatnya kesesuaian antara hukuman dan perbuatan pelaku tindak pidana serta dampak yang ditimbulkan atas kejahatannya tersebut.Selain itu, penerapan pidana mati terhadap penjual narkotika dilihat dari segi tujuan undang-undang jinayah Islam tidak bertentangan dengan hak asasi manusia yaitu hak untuk hidup, dan hukuman ini diyakini mampu untuk membuat efek jera bagi masyarakat umum agar tidak melakukan tindak pidana yang semacamnya.Tindak pidana narkotika merupakan salah satu bentuk kejahatan luar biasa (extra-ordinary crime), oleh sebab itu diperlukan penanganan yang optimal untuk meminimalisir maraknya peredaran narkotika di kalangan generasi muda.

Curcumin, derived from the rhizome Curcuma longa, has been scientifically proven to possess anti-inflammatory activity but is of limited clinical and veterinary use owing to its low bioavailability and poor solubility. Hence, analogs of curcuminoids with improved biological properties have been synthesized to overcome these limitations. This study aims to provide the pharmacological basis for the use of 5-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)penta-2,4-dien-1-one (DHHPD), a synthetic curcuminoid analog, as an anti-edematogenic and anti-granuloma agent. The carrageenan-induced paw edema and the cotton pellet-induced granuloma assays were used to assess the anti-inflammatory activity of DHHPD in mice. The effects of DHHPD on the histaminergic, serotonergic, and bradykininergic systems were determined by the histamine-, serotonin-, and bradykinin-induced paw edema tests, respectively. DHHPD (0.1, 0.3, 1, and 3 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) evoked significant reductions (p < 0.05) in carrageenan-induced paw edema at different time intervals and granuloma formation (p < 0.0001) by 22.08, 32.57, 37.20, and 49.25%, respectively. Furthermore, DHHPD significantly reduced paw edema (p < 0.05) induced by histamine, serotonin, and bradykinin. The present study suggests that DHHPD exerts anti-edematogenic activity, possibly by inhibiting the synthesis or release of autacoid mediators of inflammation through the histaminergic, serotonergic, and bradykininergic systems. The anti-granuloma effect may be attributed to the suppression of transudative, exudative, and proliferative activities associated with inflammation.

There are a number of factors that cause motor vehicles to rollover. However, the impacts of roadway characteristics on rollover crashes have rarely been addressed in the literature. This study aims to apply a set of crash prediction models in order to estimate the number of rollovers as a function of road geometry, the environment, and traffic conditions. To this end, seven count-data models, including Poisson (PM), negative binomial (NB), heterogeneous negative binomial (HTNB), zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP), zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB), hurdle Poisson (HP), and hurdle negative binomial (HNB) models, were developed and compared using crash data collected on 448 segments of Malaysian federal roads. The results showed that the HTNB was the best-fit model among the others to model the frequency of rollovers. The variables Light-Vehicle Traffic (LVT), horizontal curvature, access points, speed limit, and centreline median were positively associated with the crash frequency, while UnPaved Shoulder Width (UPSW) and Heavy-Vehicle Traffic (HVT) were found to have the opposite effect. The findings of this study suggest that rollovers could potentially be reduced by developing road safety countermeasures, such as access management of driveways, straightening sharp horizontal curves, widening shoulder width, better design of centreline medians, and posting lower speed limits and warning signs in areas with higher rollover tendency.

Curcuminoids derived from turmeric rhizome have been reported to exhibit antinociceptive, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. We evaluated the peripheral and central antinociceptive activities of 5-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)penta-2,4-dien-1-one (DHHPD), a novel synthetic curcuminoid analogue at 0.1, 0.3, 1 and 3 mg/kg (intraperitoneal), through chemical and thermal models of nociception. The effects of DHHPD on the vanilloid and glutamatergic systems were evaluated through the capsaicin- and glutamate-induced paw licking tests. Results showed that DHHPD significantly (p < 0.05) attenuated the writhing response produced by the 0.8% acetic acid injection. In addition, 1 and 3 mg/kg of DHHPD significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the licking time spent by each mouse in both phases of the 2.5% formalin test and increased the response latency of mice on the hot-plate. However, the effect produced in the latter was not reversed by naloxone, a non-selective opioid receptor antagonist. Despite this, DHHPD decreased the licking latency of mice in the capsaicin- and glutamate-induced paw licking tests in a dose response manner. In conclusion, DHHPD showed excellent peripheral and central antinociceptive activities possibly by attenuation of the synthesis and/or release of pro-inflammatory mediators in addition to modulation of the vanilloid and glutamatergic systems without an apparent effect on the opioidergic system.